盐度和温度对副溶血弧菌运动能力的影响

目的：研究盐度和温度调节副溶血弧菌（ Vibrio parahaemolyticus）的运动能力。方法将副溶血弧菌接种于不同盐度（0．5％、1．0％、2．0％和4．0％）的爬动和泳动平板上,37℃静置培养4．5 h后,通过比较不同盐度条件菌苔直径的差异来判定盐度对运动能力的影响。接种副溶血弧菌至含2．0％盐的爬动和泳动平板上,并分别置于37℃和26℃静止培养4．5 h后,通过比较不同温度下菌苔直径的差异来研究温度对运动能力的影响。结果与结论副溶血弧菌爬动不受盐度的影响,而其泳动与盐度呈正相关,2．0％时达到极值,4．0％时稍微下降;与26℃培养的结果相比,37℃培养时爬动和泳动均显著增强。这些结果表明盐度和温度能够调节副溶血弧菌的运动能力。     

腰椎平片投照体位对腰骶角的影响

目的：探讨腰椎侧位片站立位、侧卧位两种不同投照体位对腰骶角的影响。方法：对正常成人腰椎侧位片同时用站立位、侧卧位两种体位投照，共100例，分别测量其腰骶角，并对测量结果进行对比分析。结果：腰椎侧位片站立位投照腰骶角21—58度，平均37．5度，74％在30—45度之间。侧卧位投照腰骶角14—55度，平均33．60度．75％在25—42度之间。结论：腰骶角测量，站立位比侧卧位平均大3.87度，（t=3．46，p〈0．001）两者之间存在显著差异，投照体位不同正常值不一样。该测量可为临床上诊断腰骶部不稳提供放射学依据。     

粉末直接压片法制备川芎嗪骨架片最佳工艺研究

目的：研制持续释药12h的磷酸川芎嗪骨架片。方法：根据预实验结果，采用正交设计进行处方设计和工艺优化，并用中国药典(2000年版)释放度测定方法测定骨架片的体外释放度。结果：直接压片可得到理想的片型，缓释片体外释药1h释放度为25．0％左右，12h在90．0％以上。12h内释药特性符合Higuchi方程。结论：粉末直接压片法工艺简单可行，骨架片体外释放效果良好。     

急性前壁心肌梗死心电图定位诊断与梗死相关动脉的急诊判断

目的：探讨急性前壁心肌梗死(AMI)的急诊判断方法。方法：对48例急性前壁心肌梗死患者的心电图及选择性冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析。结果：48例冠脉造影患者中，共有69支动脉发生明显狭窄乃至完全闭塞；心电图对AMI(前壁)诊断的灵敏度为52．0％，假阴性率48．0％，特异度95．0％，假阳性率6．0％；阳性预测值91．0％，阴性预测值64．0％；阳性拟然比52．0，阴性拟然比0．05。结论：本组资料分析表明，心电图对前壁心肌梗死相关动脉的急诊判断价值较大，比较可靠，可作为AMI(前壁)判断梗死相关动脉急诊判断时的一种简便，快捷、可靠方法。     

CT导引下胸部肿块切割及抽吸活检配合应用的临床价值

目的：探讨切割及抽吸活检配合应用诊断胸部肿块的临床价值。材料与方法；对68例胸部肿块病人在CT导引下同时行切割及抽吸两种术式采取标本，对两种活检方法各自的准确率及总准确率做对照研究。结果：切割活检与抽吸活检的准确率分别为79．47％，77．94％，二者之间无显著差异（P＞0．05），但均明显低于总准确率92．65％（P＜0．05）。结论：切割及抽吸活检的配合应用能明显提高活检准确率，具有较高的临床使用价值。     

无偿献血者梅毒抗体筛检方法与试剂的价值评价

目的：评价无偿献血者梅毒抗体筛检方法与试剂的筛检价值。方法：以卫生部临床检验中心梅毒抗体临床科研血清盘标本40份及随机抽取西安市无偿献血者梅毒抗体阴性血清100份为评价标本。用梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)法，厦门新创梅毒抗体ELISA1诊断试剂盒(ELISA1)及北京金豪梅毒抗体ELISA诊断试剂盒(ELISA2)对评价标本作盲法筛检，以卫生部临床检验中心梅毒抗体已知阳性和阴性作为金标准。用四格表法评价真实性与可靠性指标，并对二种ELISA试剂盒的Cut-off值的合理性进行评价。结果：TRUST法、ELISA1及ELISA2试剂盒的灵敏度分别为68．2％，95．5％，100．0％，特异度分别为77．8％，94．4％，94．4％，约登指数分别为0．46，0．900．94，重复试验符合率分别为90．0％，100．0％，100．0％，二种ELISA试剂盒的Cut-off值较合理。结论：ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度、特异度及重复试验符合率要远高于TRUST法。尽管TRUST法的灵敏度与特异度较低，在无偿献血者的粗筛快检中可降低血液报废率，因而在无偿献血中的仍有很高价值，如果将ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度与特异度加以提高，将会具有更大的临床应用价值。     

1 702例颌面部损伤严重度的量化研究

目的：建立颌面部损伤严重度定级分类法（maxillofacial injury severity scale classification,MISSC)。方法：回顾性研究1702例连续性颌面部损伤住院病人资料，依据伤情划定损伤程度为轻，中，重三种，采用AIS－90版对各项损伤量化记分后，作因子分析及逐步判别分析，得到颌面部损伤严重程度评分分类函数，并进行回顾性，刀切法及前瞻性检验。结果：因子分析将各类具有共线性的原始数据归类，得出的因子具有专科意义。逐步判别分析所得的分类函数，各项检验准确率均很高：回顾性考核为91．8％，刀切法为91．5％，前瞻性考核为90．1％，其中，前瞻性考核的灵敏度分别为0．922（轻），0．902（中），0．818（重），特异度分别为0．927（轻），0．891（中），0．995（重），结论：MISSC法判别颌面部 务的严重程度准确，漏判，误判率低，可用于临床伤表的分析研究。     

喷雾干燥法制备硝苯地平缓释片的研究

目的研制硝苯地平缓释片。方法用喷雾干燥法将硝苯地平和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮制成固体分散物，再加入羟丙基甲基纤维素等制得硝苯地平缓释片。结果用此方法制得的片剂外观合格，含量测定回收率为99．19％，体外累积释放度2、4、8小时分别为38．0％，61．7％，74．4％。结论本方法制备硝苯地平缓释片操作方便、方法可行．缓释片释放度符合要求。     

海军陆战部队军事训练皮肤病调查分析

目的：了解海军陆战部队官兵在不同季节、不同环境条件下军事训练时皮肤病患病情况。方法：采用统一调查表对海军陆战部队某部官兵，分别在春季、夏季和野外军事训练时，进行3次皮肤病流行病学调查。结果：3次调查共检出皮肤病53种，其中常见皮肤病21种；3次皮肤病发生率分别为26．2％、31．5％和43．1%。3次发生率比较，差异非常显著（P〈0．01）；其中心身性皮肤病和外因性皮肤病比较，差异均非常显著（P〈0．01）；感染性皮肤病比较，差异显著（P〈0．05）；先天性及其他皮肤病差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论：海军陆战部队皮肤病患病情况与气候、环境、训练项目和强度有关。应采取提高医务人员诊治水平、普及皮肤病防治常识、改进作训穿着装备和研制适宜药物等预防措施，降低皮肤病发生率。     

大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯菌AmpC酶及ESBLs酶的检测及耐药性分析

目的：了解我院大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产AmpC酶和产ESBLs的情况及耐药性分析，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：分别采用改良三维试验和CLSI／NCCLS推荐的纸片扩散法确证试验，检测大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产AmpC酶和产ESBLs菌株。结果：大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌单产AmpC酶菌株检出率分别为9．3％和4％，单产ESBLs检出率分别为28％和12％，同时产AmpC酶及ESBLs检出率分别为14．7％和0。两种菌单产AmpC酶和单产ESBLs的菌株以及同时产两种酶的菌株对亚胺培南保持较低耐药率，均低于15％，而对其它类抗菌素大于50％，耐药率均较高。两种菌产酶株与不产酶菌株耐药率相比，均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：产酶株耐药情况严重，应慎重选择用药，减缓耐药菌株的进一步发生发展。     

Mid-term clinical results of alumina medial pivot total knee arthroplasty

Purpose

The medial pivot total knee prosthesis has been designed to reproduce physiological knee kinematics. It has been reported that alumina ceramic femoral components reduce polyethylene wear. Thus, medial pivot total knee prostheses with alumina ceramic femoral components were introduced. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of patients who underwent newly introduced alumina medial pivot total knee arthroplasties (TKA).

Methods

We evaluated the clinical results of 107 alumina medial pivot TKAs in 80 consecutive patients with a mean follow-up period of 5?years.

Results

Alumina medial pivot TKAs provided significant improvements in the patients’ Knee Society knee scores, function scores and post-operative ranges of motion compared with their pre-operative statuses (each, P?Conclusions This study demonstrates satisfactory mid-term clinical results for patients receiving the alumina medial pivot prosthesis.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic study, Level IV.     

牙科纤维/树脂复合材料的生物安全性研究

目的评价牙科纤维／树脂复合材料的生物安全性。方法参照ISO7406技术报告相关标准对牙科纤维／树脂复合材料的生物相容性进行了一系列体内及体外试验,包括短期急性全身毒性试验、细胞毒性试验、溶血试验以及黏膜刺激试验。结果新研制的牙科复合材料无细胞毒性,不引起急性溶血,无短期全身毒性,对口腔黏膜无刺激。结论新研制的牙科纤维／树脂复合材料具有良好的生物相容性,安全无毒。     

Hemolytic effect of deformed intra-arterial stents and stent grafts in vitro

Our objective was to evaluate the hemolytic effect of stents and stent grafts in an in vitro flow model. The model consisted of silicone tubings. Pulsatile flow was delivered at 1170 ml/min. Diluted packed erythrocytes were used (hematocrit of 33%). The Palmaz, MegaLink stents or Passager, Hemobahn stent grafts were placed in the middle portion of the model; control experiments contained no implant (n=10 each). Concentric stenosis of the implant was achieved by constricting the implant to 25, 50, or 70% (area, n=10 each). Samples were drawn at minute 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and every 10 min up to 1 h. Hemolytic parameters were evaluated. All implants produced hemolysis, increasing in the course of time. Without deformation (0%) the Hemobahn stent causes less hemolysis compared with the other prostheses. At 25% no significant difference could be shown between all devices. At 50% constriction the Palmaz stent caused more hemolysis than the other grafts, and at 70% stenosis the Palmaz and Hemobahn caused more hemolysis than Passager or Megalink. A hemolytic effect was evaluable, probably due to mechanical stress and sheer forces, induced by turbulences in the proximity of the deformed stent. The stent grafts did not perform better than the stents. Differences in the design of a prosthesis and in the degree of stent deformation seem to have an influence on the hemolysis caused. Electronic Publication     

Effect of hyperosmolality and cations on iodinated contrast medium-induced potassium release from human blood cells

Purpose Potassium release from blood cells is a contrast medium-induced phenomenon. The purposes of the study were to (1) assess the effect of hyperosmolality and of adding sodium ions and calcium ions to a solution on potassium release from human blood cells and (2) reevaluate the possibility of hemolysis as a cause of potassium elevation. Materials and methods Fresh human blood was mixed with a test solution to examine the temporal changes in the whole blood potassium levels and to calculate the potassium release rate. Test solutions included 5%, 20%, and 50% glucose; 0.9% and 10% NaCl; and 50% glucose mixed with various amounts of sodium and calcium ions. We also measured serum glutamine oxaloacetic acid transaminase (GOT) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to evaluate the possibility of hemolysis. Results Hyperosmolality using glucose solutions promoted higher potassium release. The average ± SD potassium release rates were 7.3 ± 2.4 μmol/min with 5% glucose, 13.5 ± 2.3 μmol/min with 20% glucose, and 128.4 ± 44.9 μmol/min with 50% glucose. The solutions including sodium ions showed lower release rates. The addition of sodium and calcium ions into 50% glucose significantly lowered the potassium release rates. No significant elevation of GOT or LDH was observed, and the possibility of hemolysis was eliminated. Conclusion Hyperosmolar glucose solution promoted potassium release, but the presence of sodium ions in the hypertonic solution inhibited it. In addition, there is no possibility of hemolysis as a cause of potassium release.     

系列仿生高分子复合材料与小鼠成纤维细胞生物相容性体外实验研究

目的:对含有壳聚糖的4种新型仿生高分子复合材料进行细胞生物相容性评价。方法:采用小鼠NIH/3T3细胞的体外实验,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法和琼脂覆盖法评价CS/HA复合材料、添加碳酸钙离子的CS/CaCO3复合材料、添加铁离子的Fe3O4/CS复合材料和Fe3O4/HA/CS复合材料等4种材料的细胞增殖和细胞毒性。结果:这4种生物材料MTT试验中毒性级均为0级,琼脂覆盖法中材料周围及脱色区内细胞溶解评价(Z/L值)均为0/0。结论:这4种生物材料具有良好的细胞生物相容性,可以满足临床应用的需要。     

标本保存时间和溶血对神经特异性烯醇化酶测定的影响

目的:探讨标本保存时间和溶血对神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)测定的影响。方法:采用磁性微粒分离的酶联免疫检测法,对正常人和3例小细胞肺癌患者血液标本立即测定和放置1、2、3、4、5 d后测定,计算其NSE含量的变化;对不同浓度的溶血标本进行测定,计算溶血产生的血红蛋白与NSE含量的关系。结果:标本放置后再测定,其NSE含量显著增加(P<0.01);溶血对NSE测定结果影响显著(P<0.01),溶血每产生1 g血红蛋白就可以测出34.53μg/L的NSE。结论:标本久放和标本溶血对NSE的测定结果显著,在实际工作中,抽取标本后应该尽快测定,绝对避免使用溶血标本,以保证结果的准确性。     

钛表面镀铬对纯钛烤瓷剪切强度的影响

目的 评估钛表面镀铬对纯钛烤瓷剪切强度的影响.方法 70个纯钛标准试件（10mm×10mm×1 mm）分为3组,A组10个（不进行任何处理）;B组30个,5％硝酸铬溶液（w/v）处理;C组30个,10％硝酸铬溶液（w/v）处理;B组和C组根据电镀时间不同（0.5、1、2h）又分为3个亚组,每一组中5个试件用Vita Titankeramik瓷粉,5个试件用Triceram瓷粉.钛瓷界面万能试验机（0.5 mm/min）进行剪切测试,并对断裂界面进行电镜扫描,用方差分析法和Tukey检验法分析.结果 钛表面镀铬后与瓷粉的结合强度明显提升,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,瓷粉对结合强度的影响无统计学意义,其中0.5h、10％硝酸铬溶液、Vita Titankeramik瓷粉,0.5h、5％硝酸铬溶液、Triceram瓷粉的结合强度是两个实验组中最高的,分别达到了（26.72±5.78） MPa和（25.48±4.14） MPa,0.5h、10％硝酸铬溶液、钛-Vita T组和0.5h、5％硝酸铬溶液、钛-Triceram组可以很好地提高钛-瓷结合强度,电镜扫描图也显示镀铬可以提高钛-瓷的结合强度.结论 0.5h、5％硝酸铬溶液对于提高结合强度已经足够.说明铬层可以很好地阻挡钛-氧结合,减少钛氧层厚度,有效提高钛-瓷结合强度.     

人胎儿毛乳头细胞在聚羟基乙酸真皮支架上的生长特性观察

目的：观察人胎儿毛乳头细胞（FDPC）在生物可降解材料聚羟基乙酸（PGA）支架材料中的生长情况。探讨其作为组织工程皮肤种子细胞和真皮支架的可行性。方法：将二步法培养的FDPC接种于PGA支架材料上。并在体外立体培养，记录不同时间点的细胞数量。分别用相差显微镜、石蜡切片和扫描电镜观察细胞的生长状况以及细胞和组织的黏附情况。结果：PGA材料浸提液对于FDPC生长没有抑制。FDPC与PGA的黏附率为28．6％。细胞在支架上三维立体培养符合正常生长曲线。HE染色和电镜显示细胞生长良好，形态正常，黏附牢固。结论：FDPC与PGA具有良好相容性和黏附性，可进一步研究以PGA作为真皮支架构建组织工程皮肤。     

New Injectable Composites for Bone Replacementd

A new class of biomaterials is emerging: injectable composites for bone replacement. They include injectable ceramics and injectable calcium phosphate hydraulic cements, such as calcium deficient hydroxyapatite cements, dahllite cements, or brushite cements. Their main advantages are their biocompatibility, resorbability, osteoconductivity, and injectability, which allows a delivery with a syringe and a needle through a percutaneous approach. Furthermore, they can be used for the controlled delivery of antibiotics or bone morphogenetic proteins. Their mechanical properties remain nonsatisfactory as compared to orthopedic cement [polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA)], but these materials still have a great potential for improvement. There is a large field of potential clinical applications for these composites, especially in implantology, bone surgery, traumatology, interventional radiology, and rheumatology. However, the biological properties of a limited number of these compounds have been studied so far and further biological evaluations, as well as rigorous clinical studies, remain to be made.     

一种改进的溶血素测定法

目的：改进溶血素测定方法。方法：在待测样品中加入Ｓｙｓｍｅｘ公司生产的快速溶血剂－Ⅱ,用半自动生化仪测Ｄ５４０,计算出样品半数溶血值ＨＣ５０。结果：用该方法测定联苯双酯、环磷酰胺和阿司匹林３种已知药物对绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）致敏小鼠产生溶血素的影响,分别为无作用、抑制和增强,与以往文献报道的结果一致。结论：改进的溶血素测定法操作简单省时,可以用于药物筛选和药效评价。