重型病毒性肝炎并发真菌感染临床相关分析

①目的 了解重型病毒性肝炎患者并发医院深部真菌感染的相关因素.②方法 对住院重肝患者并发真菌感染进行回顾性分析.③结果 185例重肝患者中并发SFI患者64例,主要感染部位为呼吸道85.0%,消化道10.9%.白色念珠菌为主要感染真菌,占64.4%,其次为热带念珠菌,占12.3%.药敏试验以二性霉素 B敏感性最高,达98%;对伊曲康唑、5氟胞嘧啶、伏立康唑耐药率6%~10%,少数呈现多种药物耐药.患者免疫功能低下、激素治疗、长期使用抗生素等是主要的诱发因素.④结论 合理使用激素和抗生素,改善重型肝炎患者的基础条件,提高免疫功能,可降低真菌感染的危险因素.     

呼吸内科患者肺部真菌感染的临床分析

目的 探讨呼吸内科患者肺部真菌感染发病的易患因素、临床特征和治疗方法.方法 分析2004年5月～2007年4月呼吸内科60例肺部真菌感染患者的资料.结果 呼吸内科肺部真菌感染率为2.8%.主要易患因素有长期使用广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素和低蛋白血症等.肺部真菌感染的临床表现无特异性,病原菌以白色假丝酵母菌为主.结论 长期使用广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素、营养不良、放化疗等因素是呼吸内科肺内真菌感染的易感因素.慢性阻塞性肺疾病是呼吸内科真菌感染的常见基础疾病,白假丝酵母菌是主要的病原菌,临床上应予以重视.     

探讨支气管扩张并发肺部真菌感染的相关危险因素

目的:探讨并总结支气管扩张并发肺部真菌感染的相关危险因素。方法:将笔者所在医院2009年12月-2011年9月期间收治的30例支气管扩张并发肺部真菌感染患者作为观察组,随机选择同期住院的30例无真菌感染但患有支气管扩张患者作为对照组,比较两组患者的临床资料。结果:经呼吸道分离出的真菌中,25例为白色假丝酵母菌,克柔假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌各2例以及热带假丝酵母菌1例。多因素分析结果显示患者住院天数、血清白蛋白含量以及抗生素应用天数是支气管扩张并发真菌感染相关,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:患者住院天数、血清白蛋白含量以及抗生素应用时间是支气管扩张并发真菌感染的主要危险因素。     

探讨慢性重型肝炎合并肠道真菌感染的临床特点、易感因素及防治措施

目的探讨针对慢性重型肝炎合并肠道真菌感染患者,对疾病的临床特点、易感因素以及具体的防治措施加以分析。方法将我院2013年12月至2015年12月收治的慢性重型肝炎患者196例作为此次实验的研究对象。根据有无合并出现肠道真菌感染的情况完成研究随机分组。将合并出现肠道真菌感染的84例患者作为实验研究的观察组;将未合并肠道真菌感染的112例患者作为实验研究的对照组;观察对比肠道真菌感染菌群以及构成比。针对可能造成患者出现肠道真菌感染的相关因素实施单因素分析以及Logistic回归模型展开临床分析。结果对于慢性重型肝炎合并肠道真菌感染患者,菌类主要体现为白色假丝酵母菌。通过Logistic回归分析发现,患者临床使用抗菌素的时间、患者在脾亢后出现低白细胞血症、出现门静脉高压症以及出现低白蛋白血症是导致患者出现肠道真菌感染的高危因素。结论对于慢性重型肝炎合并肠道真菌感染患者,主要体现为白色假丝酵母菌,临床呈现出较高的疾病死亡率,针对相关高危因素进行积极预防,最终做到疾病的早期诊断以及早期治疗。     

阴道炎患者假丝酵母菌检测及药物敏感性

由于抗生素、免疫抑制剂及各类激素的广泛应用，免疫功能低下的人群不断出现，真菌感染者随之增多。抗真菌药物的频繁使用使真菌对药物的敏感性逐渐降低。女性生殖道假丝酵母菌感染是常见病、多发病，尽管我国对阴道假丝酵母菌病实行了诊治规范，但目前对其诊断治疗措施尚不理想，复发率高并出现了耐药菌株。为了解阴道炎患者假丝酵母菌感染状况及其对抗真菌药物的敏感性，为临床治疗假丝酵母菌提供科学依据，我院于2007年1～12月对临床分离的假丝酵母菌进行了鉴定和药敏实验，现报道如下。     

呼吸内科患者肺部真菌感染临床诊断分析

目的:探究呼吸内科患者肺部真菌感染发病的医患因素、临床特征和治疗方法.方法:分析从2012年5月到2015年4月呼吸内科所接受的60例肺部真菌感染患者的资料.结果:呼吸内科肺部真菌感染的程度是2.8%.长期使用广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素和低蛋白血症等都是导致患有肺部真菌感染的主要原因.肺部真菌感染的临床表现没有特异性,病原菌主要是以白色假丝酵母菌为主的.结论:长时间的使用广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素、营养不良、放化疗等因素是导致真菌感染的主要因素.慢性阻塞性肺疾病是呼吸道内科常见的一种疾病,白假丝酵母菌是主要的病原菌.在临床上应该加大重视.     

儿童肺部侵袭性真菌感染临床特点及其危险因素分析

目的分析儿童肺部侵袭性真菌感染临床特点及其危险因素,为临床治疗儿童肺部侵袭性真菌感染提供可靠依据。方法选择2014年5月至2015年6月在永城市妇幼保健院治疗肺部侵袭性真菌感染的60例患儿,研究患儿肺部侵袭性真菌感染的临床特点及感染的危险因素。结果 60例患儿共检出51例真菌,其中白色假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌检出率较高,与其他真菌检出率相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);通过多因素非条件Logistic回归分析发现广谱抗菌药物使用时间、年龄、糖皮质激素使用时间是引发儿童肺部侵袭性真菌感染的危险因素。结论导致儿童肺部侵袭性真菌感染的主要危险因素为广谱抗菌药物使用时间、糖皮质激素使用时间、年龄,尽早进行抗真菌治疗能有效降低患儿死亡率。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发肺部真菌感染42例临床分析

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)并发肺部真菌感染发病特点、真菌种类、危险因素及治疗。方法:将我院2009年5月-2011年5月确诊为慢性阻塞性肺疾病42例肺部真菌感染患者进行回顾性分析,包括临床表现、病因、抗生素及激素运用、以及真菌种类、诊治情况。结果:慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发肺部真菌感染与患者长期运用激素、抗生素致免疫功能低下有关。42例患者痊愈或好转33例,自动出院5例,2例死亡,2例转院。结论:近几年来由于抗生素、激素的不合理运用,导致肺部真菌感染发病比率增高,且临床表现及影像学缺乏特异性,给临床医师诊治带来困难,一般采取经验性抗真菌药物治疗,治疗时应及早、足量运用抗真菌药物,但切记盲目运用,这就要求临床医师合理运用抗生素、激素。     

心脏病医院真菌感染分析

目的了解医院真菌感染的状况、病原菌分布、危险因素及耐药情况。方法对184例医院真菌感染患者进行了分析。结果医院真菌感染以白色假丝酵母菌64．1％、热带假丝酵母菌13．0％、光滑假丝酵母菌10．3％为主；CCU、ICU、术后病房呼吸系统感染率较高，感染率分别为30．4%、27．7％、25．5％，其中冠心病患者感染率40．2％最高；危险因素为广谱抗生素广泛运用、留置导尿管、静脉插管、气管插管及切开、手术治疗、住院时间长等；真菌感染对两性霉素、制霉菌素、氟康唑和5-氟胞嘧啶的敏感性较高，对酮康唑的耐药性较高。结论采用有效的防范措施，重视消除诱发因素，合理运用抗生素，早期诊断和治疗刻不容缓。     

综合ICU院内侵袭性真菌感染临床分析及菌群分布

目的:探讨当前综合重症加强病房(综合ICU)院内侵袭性真菌感染的临床状况,病原菌特性、分布,为临床治疗及减少真菌感染提供参考依据。方法:回顾性分析4年来真菌培养阳性住院患者病例资料,从患者年龄、病种、部位、菌种分布、易患因素等方面进行分析。结果:综合ICU中侵袭性真菌感染发生率7.64%;其中痰液检出率最高67.45%,其次尿液占9.90%;真菌感染以白色假丝酵母菌属占94.34%,是感染主要菌属,其中白色假丝酵母菌占51.89%,是感染主要菌种;易患因素主要有病情危重且复杂、应用侵入性监测和治疗手段、广谱抗菌药物的不合理使用、长期使用激素、老年患者合并糖尿病及慢性阻塞性肺部疾病等基础疾病等。结论:综合ICU侵袭性真菌感染近年呈上升趋势,其中白色假丝酵母菌是感染的主要病原菌,值得注意的是非白色假丝酵母菌和曲霉菌属引起的感染正在逐年增加,应重视早期诊断及合理治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.