HPV检测技术初筛巴氏涂片分流应用于农村女性宫颈癌筛查效果

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）检测技术初筛巴氏涂片分流应用于农村女性宫颈癌筛查中的效果。方法 2015年对35~64岁农村女性使用HPV检测进行宫颈癌初筛,阳性者采用巴氏涂片法分流,巴氏涂片结果为不明确意义的非典型鳞状细胞（atypical squamous cells of undetermined signification,ASC-US）及以上病变的女性转用阴道镜检查。所有阴道镜下检查异常或不满意处均取活检或宫颈管搔刮术（endocervical canal curettage,ECC）,病理结果为中度子宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2,CIN2）及以上者转诊进行手术治疗。结果 HPV初筛、巴氏涂片分流策略HPV筛查阳性率为10.65%。CIN2及以上者共150人,全部进行阴道镜检查,实际阴道镜转诊率为3.55%,阴道镜顺应性为100%。经病理诊断,本次筛查分别发现轻度子宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1,CIN1）、CIN2及以上、重度子宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3,CIN3）及以上分别为16例（0.38%）、29例（0.69%）、15例（0.36%）,未发现宫颈癌病例。结论 HPV初筛、巴氏涂片分流策略能够降低阴道镜转诊率,宫颈疾病检出率较高,可以在有条件的农村地区使用。但宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的检出率较HPV初筛不分流低,需要进一步加强对基层细胞学医生技术水平的规范化培训。     

修水地区人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌的研究

目的:调查妇女生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)感染状况,研究高危型HPV感染与宫颈癌及癌前病变的关系。方法:应用第二代杂交捕获(hybrid capture,HC-Ⅱ)实验对30~49岁的已婚妇女进行高危型HPV DNA检测,采用多因素的非条件Logistic回归模型分析HPV感染与宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内病变(CIN)的关系。结果:调查人群高危型HPV DNA总检出率为18.7%,与正常组相比检出率随病变程度加重呈趋势性增高(χ2=444.04,P<0.001)。各年龄组宫颈HPV DNA的检出率几乎一样,无显著性差异(χ2=10.25,P>0.001)。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,HPV感染与宫颈上皮内高度病变(CINⅡ)及癌症的发生高度相关(OR=121.1)。结论:生殖道高危型HPV感染是当地宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变流行的主要危险因素,提示宫颈癌的防治重点应放在防止HPV感染、对HPV感染的筛查和密切监测已感染高危型HPV的对象。     

宫颈细胞学涂片联合阴道镜诊断宫颈病变的结果分析

目的:评价宫颈细胞学涂片配合阴道镜检查对子宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法:对247例来本院行宫颈涂片检 查者进行阴道镜检查和镜下活组织病理检查,对子宫颈病变进行筛查和诊断,以组织学诊断为金标准,对结果进行比 较分析。结果:247例宫颈涂片检查,异常涂片127例(51.41%),病理结果显示:子宫颈鳞癌2例(0.81%);宫颈上 皮内瘤样变(CIN)15例,其中CINⅠ10例(4.05%),CINⅡ2例(0.81%),CINⅢ3例(1.21%);HPV感染81例 (32.79%),其中湿疣样变68例,宫颈湿疣13例;急慢性宫颈炎149例(60.32%)。宫颈涂片细胞学检查诊断CIN符 合率为12.5%,阴道镜检查对CIN的诊断符合率为86.67%,两者比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:采用宫颈细 胞学检查配合阴道镜下病理检查能提高宫颈癌前病变诊断的准确率,及早进行治疗。     

山西省襄垣县妇女人乳头状瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌关系的研究

目的 了解我国宫颈癌高发区妇女生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）感染状况,研究高危型HPV感染与宫颈癌的关系。方法 应用第二代杂交捕获试验对山西省襄垣县1997名35-45岁巳婚妇女自己采集的阴道细胞和医生采集的宫颈细胞,检测13种高危型HPV脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）。采用多因素的非条件logistic回归模型分析HPV感染与宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）的关系。用卡帕（kappa）系数衡量两种标本HPV检测的符合度。结果 该人群的高危型HPV DNA总检出率为20.8%。HPV DNA检出率随病变程度加重呈趋势性增高（X^2=444.04,P=0.000）。两年龄组（35-39岁和40-45岁）妇女的宫颈HPV DNA检出率几乎一样（20.9%：20.6%,X^2=0.03,P=0.86）。非条件logistic回归分析显示,HPV感染与宫颈上皮内高度病变及癌症（≥CINⅡ）和低度病变（CIN I）的发生高度相关（OR=254.2和OR=26.4）,归因危险非分比（ARP）分别为98.1和83.6%。自我取样HPV检测的灵敏度低于医生取样HPV检测（84%：98%,X^2=5.92,p=0.015）,特异度差异无显著性（86%：85%,X^2=0.00,P=0.997）,但两种标本HPV检测的符合度较好（kappa=0.74）。结论 女性生殖道高危型HPV感染是当地宫颈癌CIN流行的主要危险因素,提示宫颈癌的防治重点应放在防止HPV感染、对HPV感染的筛查和密切监测巳感染高危型HPV的对象。自我取样HPV检测是一种较实用的宫颈癌初筛手段。     

HPV检测在妇产科临床中的应用

女性生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染临床常见,而持续性高危型HPV感染是发生宫颈癌的主要原因。目前临床上常用的几种HPV检测方法,其主要目的是确定是否存在高级别宫颈上皮内瘤样变（CIN）,而不是诊断有无病毒感染。美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的HPV检测方法包括杂交捕获2代HPV （ＨＣ２－ＨＰＶ）、Cervista HPV、Cobas HPV和Aptima HPV检测。这4种HPV检测方法诊断高级别CIN的敏感度和特异度非常接近。目前HPV检测在妇产科临床中的应用主要包括：与细胞学联合筛查或单独筛查宫颈癌及其癌前病变、细胞学筛查异常的分流及治疗后或筛查异常的随访。HPV初筛方案与联合筛查效能相似、需要的检测次数更少,但HPV初筛诊断高级别CIN的特异度较低,也可能更易漏诊宫颈癌。如何最佳地将HPV检测应用于宫颈癌防治仍需继续完善。     

Détection et quantification des infections génitales à papillomavirus humains : conséquences virologiques, épidémiologiques et cliniques

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the main risk factor for cervical cancer. By introducing its DNA into the genome of infected human cells, the virus expresses two oncoproteins (E6 and E7) that induce inactivation of tumour suppressors and telomerase. HPV infection is extremely common. But most of women will clear the infection over an 8-10-month period without developing any cervical lesion. In fact, it is the persistence of infection that truly exposes to the risk of cervical cancer. HPV testing, used for primary screening, has better sensitivity but lower specificity than cervical cytology. A secondary use of cytology would compensate the loss of HPV testing specificity. Thus, cervical cytology would be performed only in HPV positive women and colposcopy finally performed only in women with abnormal cytology. The characteristics of such screening would allow to increase interscreening intervals and therefore to reduce additional costs. The quantification of HPV viral load could be a way to differentiate significant infections from others. Despite proven significant association between high HPV viral load and the risk of CIN 2-3 and cervical cancer, crude variations within disease grades currently limit the clinical utility of viral load measurement. More than a just measure of HPV viral load, its evolution over time is what would really be of clinical relevance.     

深圳市社区子宫颈癌筛查结果分析

目的:探讨HPH感染与宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的关系,并提出相应的干预措施。方法:2006年4月～2008年4月选取开展妇女健康体格检查较好的深圳市福田区教育系统及尚未很好开展子宫颈癌筛查的深圳市龙岗区居民社区健康妇女为研究对象,对30～60岁妇女进行人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测及阴道镜检查筛查子宫颈癌前病变(子宫颈上皮内瘤变,CIN)和子宫颈癌。结果:筛查深圳市福田区教育系统女性教职工1761例,HPV阳性者208例(11.81%),≥CINⅠ病变34例(1.93%);深圳市龙岗区紫薇社区妇女764例,HPV阳性者122例(16.00%),≥CINⅠ病变34例(4.57%),两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.1049,P=0.0044,χ2=12.9075,P=0.0003);HPV阳性者≥CINⅠ病变检出率明显高于HPV阴性者(OR=25.47,95%CI:14.35～45.23);以病理组织学诊断为金标准,评价HPV检测对预测子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(≥CINⅠ病变)的临床价值,其敏感度:76.47%,特异度:88.69%,阳性预测值:15.75%,阴性预测值:98.46%。结论:HPV感染与子宫颈癌前病变及子宫颈癌密切相关,应将HPV感染者作为高危人群进行监测;健康人群普查能有效预防子宫颈癌前病变及子宫颈癌;应加强健康教育,促进健康人群自觉参与子宫颈癌筛查。     

深圳妇女人乳头瘤病毒感染状况与宫颈病变相关性研究

目的:探讨深圳地区妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染分布情况及主要型别,为深圳地区临床宫颈癌的防治、研制适合该地区的预防性HPV疫苗提供理论依据。方法:对2010年11月～2011年8月至该院妇科行宫颈癌筛查的1 800例妇女行液基细胞学检查和HPV检测,对HPV阳性病例均行阴道镜下多点活体组织检查(活检),对其HPV感染状况,所感染的HPV亚型分布以及与病变程度间的关系进行分析和总结。结果:1 800例标本中检查出HPV阳性病例379例,感染率为21.06%。深圳妇女在40岁以后HPV感染率下降。单一HPV感染的有335例,占88.39%,2种以上的多重HPV感染共44例,占11.61%。单一感染和双重以上感染其引起的高度宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical in intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)及宫颈癌的发病率,两组之间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。常见的基因型高危型由高至低依次是52、16、58、56、33,低危型依次是43、42、6、11。结论:深圳妇女宫颈HPV感染亚型常见的是高危型52、16、58、56、33,低危型是43、42、6、11。其中引起高度CIN和宫颈癌的HPV亚型主要是16、33、52、58。     

宫颈细胞学涂片联合阴道镜检查筛查宫颈病变结果分析

目的:评价宫颈细胞学涂片联合阴道镜检查对子宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法:2003年10月～2006年10月采用宫颈细胞学涂片联合阴道镜检查筛查10326例患者,以组织学诊断为金标准对结果进行分析。结果:10326例中,阴道镜下活检1560例,异常涂片1379例(13.35%)。病理结果显示:急慢性炎症890例(8.62%),宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)414例(3.04%)。其中CINⅠ220例(2.13%),CINⅡ108例(1.05%),CINⅢ及原位癌86例(0.83%),宫颈浸润癌89例(0.86%),HPV感染155例(1.5%),子宫内膜异位症7例(0.07%),子宫肌瘤5例(0.05%)。宫颈细胞学检查诊断CIN符合率为64.04%,阴道镜检查为93.48%,两者比较差异显著性(χ2=103.13,P<0.005),两者联合对CIN检出率为4.01%。阴道镜诊断CIN的敏感性为93.48%,特异性为89.69%,两者联合对CIN的诊断阳性预测值为73.57%,阴性预测值为97.14%。结论:采用宫颈细胞学联合阴道镜下病理组织检查能提高宫颈癌前病变及早期宫颈癌的诊断率,在经济欠发达区域可作为宫颈病变的筛查方法,具有群防群治的重要价值。     

人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变临床资料分析

目的：评价人乳头瘤病毒（ HPV）感染在宫颈病变早期筛查中的作用,为宫颈病变进一步诊断和判断预后提供依据。方法回顾性分析来温州市中西医结合医院进行宫颈癌筛查,因宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查（ TCT）存在异常细胞的413例妇女的资料,平均年龄39．40岁（年龄范围21～77岁）,所有研究对象均进行阴道镜下组织活检和HPV-DNA分型。结果上皮内瘤样病变（ CIN）Ⅰ患者中以非典型鳞状上皮细胞（ ASCUS）检出符合率最高,CINⅡ患者中以低度鳞状上皮内病变（ LSIL）检出符合率最高,CINⅢ患者中以高度鳞状上皮内病变（ HSIL）检出符合率最高。慢性宫颈炎患者一种或多种高危型HPV（ HR-HPV）感染率要低于CIN患者（χ^2＝32．105,P＝0．000）,宫颈癌HR-HPV感染率为100％。慢性宫颈炎患者与CIN患者低危型HPV（LR-HPV）感染率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ^2＝0．205,P＝0．650）。宫颈病变患者以单一HR-HPV亚型感染率更常见,其与多重感染相比,差异有统计学意义（χ^2＝56．350,P＝0．000）。结论宫颈癌及癌前病变与HPV感染密切相关。 HR-HPV基因检测及分型对宫颈病变的预后判断、疗效监测等方面具有重要价值。     

Vaccination against human papillomavirus for the prevention of cervical cancer

Persistent infections with high-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to cervical cancer. This fact could imply that vaccination against HPV could prevent this disease. Such vaccines could be aimed at the prevention of HPV infections or the treatment of infections, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. There are two prophylactic candidate vaccines against the high risk HPV types 16 and 18, which appear to be safe and effective in preventing incidental and persistent HPV infections. Phase III studies should reveal whether these vaccines will also have long-term effects by preventing the development of CIN and eventually cervical cancer. The introduction of such an HPV vaccine in the Netherlands, its cost-effectiveness and introduction into the existing national vaccination programmes needs to be studied. The vaccination of girls before they become sexually active seems to be the most effective approach, although older women can also profit from prophylactic vaccination. The current community-based screening, possibly complemented by an HPV test, needs to be continued to identify and treat presently HPV-infected women. In a population with an existing community-based screening program for cervical cancer, a vaccine preventing persisting infection with high-risk HPV will further reduce the incidence of HPV-related cervical cancer.     

中国和澳大利亚妇女子宫颈上皮内瘤变人乳头瘤病毒感染和相关危险因素的病例对照研究

目的研究不同型别人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染及相关危险因素与子宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）发生的关系。方法对来自中国（中组）、澳大利亚（澳组）的212例CIN和427名正常妇女，进行相关危险因素的问卷调查，并采集相应的子宫颈标本，PCR方法检测HPV DNA，用直接测序法及条型反向杂交法鉴定HPV型别。运用logistic回归方法分析HPV感染及其他辅助因素对宫颈病变发生的相对危险度。结果中、澳对照组妇女的HPV感染检出率分别为11％和15％（P〉0．05）。常见型别为HPVl6、58、66、18、31、33、53和MM8等，10％为混合感染。澳组CIN患者的HPV感染检出率高于中组，分别为99％和85％（P〈0．001）；HPVl6型最为常见。中、澳组HPV感染致CIN的OR值分别为43．3和541．6。HPVl6的致瘤危险性最强；中组HPV58和59型次之；澳组HPV31型次之，且该组中HPV混合感染的相对危险度较高。多因素分析显示，在考虑了HPV感染之后，受教育程度（OR 3．88）、子宫颈癌家族史（OR 4．98）分别是中、澳两组妇女发生CIN的辅助危险因素。两组合并后，受教育程度（OR 4．02～5．15）和经常服用维生素（OR 0．40）是相关因素。结论HPV感染是中、澳两组妇女CIN发生的主要致病因素，不同HPV型别的危险性在两组妇女的子宫颈病变发生中存在一定差异，辅助危险因素也略有不同，提示在子宫颈病变防治中应有所侧重。     

HPV分型检测在宫颈癌及其癌前病变筛查中的应用分析

目的分析人乳头瘤病毒（Human papilloma virus,HPV）分型检测在宫颈癌及其癌前病变筛查中的应用价值。方法对5358例女性进行HPV分型检测,对阳性病例进行液基薄层细胞学（Thin-prep cell test,TCT）检查,分析不同基因分型与疾病的相关性。结果 HPV检测阳性率为21.72%（1164/5358）;HPV阳性且TCT检查≥ASCUS占19.84%（231/1164）;感染率排名前5位的HPV基因类型为16型、52型、58型、33型、18型、56型;病理活检确诊NLM2例,CINⅠ级67例,CINⅡ级89例,CINⅢ级55例,SCC18例,高危型感染组≥CINⅡ发病率高于低危型感染组（P〈0.01）。结论宫颈异常患者HPV阳性检出率高,高危型HPV感染发展成为CINⅡ级以上疾病的几率较大,HPV分型检测对于宫颈癌及癌前病变筛查具有重要参考意义。     

Description of a seven-year prospective study of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia among 10000 women in Guanacaste, Costa Rica,.

OBJECTIVE: The Guanacaste study ("Guanacaste Project," or GP), was designed to investigate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its cofactors in the development of cervical neoplasia and to evaluate new cervical cancer screening technologies. The follow-up phase of the GP was designed to study why a small proportion of women infected with HPV develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN 2), CIN 3, or cancer (these three together are globally referred to as > or = CIN 2, that is, CIN 2 or worse). The purpose of this article is to describe this prospective study in detail and to present the preliminary findings regarding the incidence of cervical neoplasia. METHODS: A cohort of 10 049 randomly selected women from 18 to 97 years old from Guanacaste, a province in northwestern Costa Rica, was intensively screened in 1993-1994 and then followed up for seven years after being enrolled. A questionnaire for demographic and risk factors was administered, and a pelvic examination was performed on sexually active women at each follow-up visit in order to obtain samples for screening tests and for research purposes. The final diagnosis given at the end of the enrollment phase categorized women into several groups according to the perceived risk of their developing either high-grade precursors of cancer or cancer. These groups were followed up at different intervals according to the risk of developing > or = CIN 2. The most active follow-up (every 6-12 months) was concentrated on the women most likely to develop >or = CIN 2, based on cytology (n = 492). The remainder of the cohort was followed either annually (n = 2 574) or after five to seven years of passive follow-up (n = 3 926). All women with possibly severe lesions detected by any technique were referred to colposcopy for further evaluation and treatment, and they were also censored from the study. Lesions >or = CIN 2 served as both the censoring outcome and our surrogate for cancer risk. RESULTS: Participation during follow-up was high (near 90%). Suspected > or = CIN 2 by any screening technique censored 4.6% of women. Most of the women censored because of suspected > or = CIN 2 came from the large group perceived at entry as being at low risk of developing > or = CIN 2, but the greatest rates of progression to > or = CIN 2 were observed among women perceived at entry to be at highest risk of > or = CIN 2, based on their cytology, virology, or sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The GP is the largest population-based longitudinal cohort for the study of HPV and cervical neoplasia in the world, and its results will hopefully let us soon plan future worldwide prevention strategies. Research projects such as this one require the long-term commitment of a large multidisciplinary team and ample financial resources. The intensive effort and expertise applied in all aspects of this study were key factors in its success as a model of cooperative, interdisciplinary cancer research in Latin America. Quality control played an important role at all times during the study and made it possible to adapt new diagnostic and screening technology to Guanacaste. The systematic follow-up of a population-based group of close to 10 000 women in Guanacaste should permit careful, time-dependent evaluation of factors postulated to be linked to the development of cervical cancer as well as the evaluation of clinical markers of disease progression. The study results that have already been published have validated sensitive screening techniques and have also promoted the use of more affordable screening techniques in resource-poor, developing countries. The GP has also contributed to building knowledge for the search for vaccines against HPV as part of the effort to develop an effective tool to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer worldwide.     

江门地区职业女性感染高危型人乳头瘤病毒的调查

目的:了解江门地区职业女性高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况,为宫颈癌防治提供理论依据。方法:2008年10月～2009年10月期间,采取高危型HPV病毒基因多重荧光PCR检测技术对江门地区1 300名职业女性进行免费检查,并对高危型HPV感染者的年龄阶段、取材生理周期、宫颈情况进行分析。结果:1 300名女性共检出高危型HPV阳性者103例,平均年龄为(39±9)岁,感染率为7.92%;其中20岁～、31岁～、46岁～、61岁～年龄组间,31岁～年龄组的感染率最高9.50%(67/705),它们之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);宫颈情况方面,发生Ⅲ度宫颈糜烂者感染率最高31.58%(12/38),它们之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高危性HPV感染者取材生理周期的分布中,黄体期、排卵期、卵泡期和绝经期之间的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:江门地区职业女性高危型HPV感染率相对较低,高危型HPV的感染与年龄阶段、宫颈糜烂程度密切相关,应该积极开展高危型HPV的筛查工作,有效降低该人群宫颈癌的发生率和致死率。     

应用液相基因芯片技术筛查山东地区高危人群人乳头瘤病毒基因型

目的 评价Luminex XMAP系统的液相芯片技术在女性生殖道人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染检测中的临床价值,调查山东地区女性生殖道HPV感染情况及最常见的基因型。方法 取妇科门诊就诊者宫颈脱落细胞2925例,采用液相芯片技术进行HPV基因型检测,96孔板操作,26种亚型1次呈现。639例患者同时做病理诊断,按组织病理学分为细胞学正常组、炎症组、宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）Ⅰ组、CINⅠ-Ⅱ组、CINⅡ组、CINⅢ组和宫颈癌组。通过HPV DNA亚型分布结合病理诊断,分析山东地区HPV感染基因型与宫颈病变程度的关系。结果 HPV总感染率36．0% （1054/2925）,26种基因型检出23种,按感染率从高到低依次为HPV-16（26．75%）,HPV-52 （25．75%）,HPV-58（10．47%）,HPV-18（8．87%）和HPV-11（6．94%）。其中高危型感染占87．32%,低危型13．68%;单一型感染698例（66．22%）,多重感染356例（33．78%）,低危亚型11、6多与高危型多重感染。1054例HPV阳性患者中,261例（24．8%）为21～25岁女性,随年龄增大阳性例数减少, 52例（4．9％）为51～67岁女性。各病理组HPV阳性率及多重感染率依次为正常组23．37％、4．89％，炎症组33．08％、7．14％，CINI组54．54％、18．18％，CINⅠ-Ⅱ组57．14％、28．57％，CIN Ⅱ组82．61％、41．30％，CINⅢ组91．30％、43．37％，宫颈癌组100％、38．46％。以组织病理学为确诊标准，液相芯片HPVDNA检测CINⅡ、Ⅲ和宫颈癌的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值依次为88．57％、76．63％、68.89％和92．16％。结论 所选山东地区高危人群HPV感染的常见基因型是16、52、58、18、11、6、56、31。随宫颈病变程度加重，HPV感染率及多重感染有增加趋势，HPV阳性以年轻女性多见。液相芯片HPVDNA检测在宫颈病变临床诊断及大规模筛查中有重要价值。     

肥西县宫颈癌普查结果分析

目的掌握肥西县妇女宫颈癌流行病学情况,为宫颈癌防治决策提供科学依据。方法 2011年4月6日至10月30日,对肥西县5 316名妇女进行了宫颈癌筛查。采用宫颈刮片筛查(改良式),异常情况进一步进行阴道镜检查和活组织病理学检查。结果宫颈刮片异常2.92%(155/5 316),宫颈癌检出率(病理诊断为≥CINⅢ)150.48/10万(8/5 316),HPV检出率0.06%(3/5 316);文化程度高的农村妇女宫颈刮片异常检出率较低,40岁年龄组和50岁年龄组农村妇女TCT检出率较高。结论对文化程度低的农村妇女和35岁以上农村妇女,应重点加强健康教育和定期普查,以有效预防和控制宫颈癌的危害。     

细胞学与人乳头瘤病毒检测在筛查宫颈高度病变方案中的评价

目的 评价改良取样巴氏涂片(Pap)、液基细胞学检查(LCT)和第二代杂交捕获法(HC-Ⅱ)人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)筛查宫颈高度以上病变方案的价值.方法 2007年12月至2008年3月在深圳市福田区上梅林社区按年龄采取分层抽样法对425名30～59岁妇女进行宫颈癌筛查,同期在北京大学深圳医院宫颈癌早诊早治中心按年龄采取分层抽样法对75名30～59岁妇女进行宫颈癌筛查.每名妇女行改良Pap(采用液基细胞学刷取样)、LCT和HC-Ⅱ法HPV.对细胞学结果≥不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)或HPV检测阳性者行阴道镜下多点活检和宫颈管搔刮术,以病理检查结果为金标准评价改良Pap、LCT、HC-Ⅱ法HPV、Pap-HPV平行试验、Pap-HPV系列试验、LCT-HPV平行试验和LCT-HPV系列试验7种方案筛查宫颈高度以上病变方案的价值.结果 (1)社区筛查出宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅱ7例,CINⅢ7例,宫颈癌1例;医院筛查出CINⅡ9例,CINⅢ11例,宫颈癌3例.(2)HC-Ⅱ法HPV和细胞学联合HC-Ⅱ法HPV平行试验筛查CIN Ⅱ以上病变的灵敏度在95%以上,阴性预测值接近100%.(3)改良Pap和LCT的筛查效率和不满意率的差异无统计学意义.(4)Pap-HPV平行试验筛查宫颈高度以上病变的效价比优于LCT-HPV平行试验.结论 筛查宫颈高度病变,建议采用HC-Ⅱ法HPV和细胞学联合HC-Ⅱ法HPV平行试验为首选,其中改良Pap联合HC-Ⅱ法HPV平行试验为最佳推荐方案.     

Persistent human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Detection of persistent cervical carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is used as a marker for cervical cancer risk in clinical trials. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between persistent HPV DNA and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and invasive cervical cancer (together designated CIN2-3/HSIL+) to evaluate the robustness of HPV persistence for clinical use. MEDLINE and Current Contents were searched through January 30, 2006. Relative risks (RRs) were stratified by HPV comparison group. Of 2,035 abstracts, 41 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Over 22,500 women were included in calculation of RRs for persistent HPV DNA detection and cervical neoplasia. RRs ranged from 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.5) to 813.0 (95% confidence interval: 168.2, 3,229.2) for CIN2-3/HSIL+ versus 12 months), wider testing intervals, CIN2-3/HSIL+, and use of an HPV-negative reference group were consistently associated with higher RRs. Thus, HPV persistence was consistently and strongly associated with CIN2-3/HSIL+, despite wide variation in definitions and study methods. The magnitude of association varied by duration of persistence and testing interval. Precise definition and standardization of HPV testing, sampling procedure, and test interval are needed for reliable clinical testing. These findings validate HPV persistence as a clinical marker and endpoint.     

HPV分型及高危八型定量检测在宫颈病变中的意义

目的分析宫颈病变中的人乳头瘤病毒的亚型分布及病毒载量的情况,以及其与宫颈疾病进展的关系。方法潮州中心医院就诊的220例液基细胞学检查异常的患者行阴道镜检查及组织病理学检查。收集宫颈脱落细胞标本,运用HybriMax导流杂交技术检测HPV的21个亚型,运用实时荧光PCR定量检测八个高危亚型的病毒载量。结果 220例样本中,HPV感染率为87.3%,其中HPV16是最主要的基因型(50.91%),随着宫颈病变程度的增高,总HPV感染率和HPV16感染率逐渐升高。HPV58,HPV33,HPV52,HPV31和HPV18是仅次于HPV16的五种基因亚型,其检出率分别为22.73%,11.82%,11.36%,5.9%和4.54%。高危HPV亚型的病毒载量与宫颈病变的严重程度呈正相关(r=0.373,P<0.001)。结论尽管HPV52和HPV58是该地区HPV感染的主导亚型,但在宫颈病变患者中HPV感染以HPV16为主,而与宫颈癌最相关的是HPV16和HPV18。病毒载量是一个潜在的确定子宫颈癌及癌前病变的辅助指标。