应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭开胸术后再通的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Am platzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）开胸术后再通并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组10例 ,年龄 11± 8（4～ 32 ）岁。PDA最窄处直径为 4± 4（2～ 13） mm。封堵后 10 m in行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :9例 PDA采用 Am platzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,1例采用 Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影显示 ,3例存在微量～少量残余分流 ,7例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图均未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭外科术后再通是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

三种介入方法治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :评价 Porstmann法、弹簧栓子法和 Amplatzer封堵器对动脉导管培养闭的治疗效果。方法 :3种方法共治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA） 5 0例 ,其中 Porstm ann法 6例 ,弹簧栓子法 10例 ,Amplatzer封堵器 34例。所有患者在 PDA封堵后 10 m in重复主动脉造影观察有无残余分流 ;术后 2 4h、1月、6月和 12月行超声心电图检查 ,观察 PDA有无再通及残余分流。结果 :全组 5 0例 ,成功 49例。Porstm ann法有 1例由于鞘管不通过股动脉而失败。术后 10 min主动脉造影术 ,Amplatzer封堵器 4例有微 -少量残余分流。术术 2 4h超声心电图均无残余分流。随访 1～ 12个月 ,均未发现有残余分流和 PDA再通。结论 :经导管治疗 PDA是有效的非手术方法。Porstmann法已较少采用 ;直径 <3 m m的PDA首选弹簧栓子法 ;3～ 10 m m的 PDA采用 Am platzer封堵器治疗 ;直径 >10 m m者则应考虑手术治疗。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭169例的随访结果

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）术后随访。方法 :全组 16 9例。PDA最窄处直径为 4 .7± 3.8（2 .0～ 13.0 ） mm。封堵后 10 min行降主动脉造影 ,术后 2 4 h及 1,3,6月 ,1年行超声心动图检查随访。结果 :16 6例 PDA采用 Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,3例采用 Am platzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。 1例 PDA术中证实伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影示 ,5 4例存在微～少量残余分流 ,114例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4 h13例存在微～少量残余分流 ,余超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。 1例封堵术后 10h并发溶血 ,4 8h后行外科 PDA缝合术。术后 1月超声心动图检查 5例存在少量残余分流 ,术后 3月 4例存在少量残余分流 ,6月及 1年 3例存在少量残余分流 ,最后行 PFM弹簧圈治疗未再见残余分流。无并发症发生。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗 PDA是一种安全有效的介入方法     

Duct-Occlud封堵器和Cook可控弹簧栓子治疗动脉导管未闭的对比研究

目的　对比研究Duct Occlud封堵器和Cook可控弹簧栓子治疗直径≤ 4mm动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的疗效。方法　 1996年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 8月 ,4 2例直径 <2mm和 2 9例直径 2～ 4mm的PDA患者施行了Duct Occlud封堵器 (2 5例 )和Cook可控弹簧栓子 (4 6例 )封堵术。结果　 (1)直径 <2mm的PDA行Duct Occlud封堵器和Cook可控弹簧栓子封堵后 10min、2 4h和 12个月残余分流率显著小于直径 2～ 4mm的PDA(分别为 4 8%与 6 2 0 % ,0与 37 9% ,0与 13 8% ;P均 <0 0 5 )。 (2 )Duct Oc clud封堵器治疗直径 2～ 4mm的PDA后 10min ,2 4h ,1和 12个月残余分流率显著高于Cook可控弹簧栓子组 (分别为 94 4 %与 9 1% ,6 1 1%与 0 ,4 4 4 %与 0 ,33 3%与 0 ;P均 <0 0 5 ) ,其中Duct Occlud封堵器脱落至腹主动脉远端 1例 ,向左肺动脉内凸出 4例 ;2例直径 2～ 4mm的PDA患者置入 2枚Cook可控弹簧栓子。结论　Duct Occlud封堵器和Cook可控弹簧栓子均是治疗直径 <2mmPDA的安全有效方法 ;Cook可控弹簧栓子封堵直径 2～ 4mm的PDA近、中期疗效优于Duct Occlud封堵器 ,但部分患者需置入 2枚栓子。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭并发重度肺动脉高压的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并发重度肺动脉高压 （SPH） ,并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 15例 ,年龄 2 5± 2 2 （5～ 54）岁。PDA最窄处直径为 11± 4（8～ 18） mm。 PDA 8例采用 AmplatzerPDA封堵器治疗 ,7例采用 Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。封堵后 3 0 min行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :14例 （93 ） %封堵后 3 0 min至 1h肺动脉收缩压由 90～ 150 （10 6± 2 7） mm Hg降至 45～ 110 （65± 2 1） mm Hg,肺动脉平均压由 60～ 10 5（82± 2 1） mm Hg降至 2 6～ 65（50± 19） mm Hg。 1例封堵后 3 0 min至 1h肺动脉收缩压无下降 ,反而有轻度上升 ,考虑为阻力性重度肺动脉高压 ,撤出封堵器。 6例主动脉压力有不同程度增高。术后 3 0 min降主动脉造影示 ,5例存在微至少量残余分流 ,10例封堵完全无残余分流。在术后 2 4h2例仍存在微至少量残余分流 ,其中 1例并发溶血 ,48h后行外科 PDA缝合术。其余病例术后 1月超声心动图检查未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗 PDA并发 SPH是一种安全有效的介入方法     

可控弹簧栓封堵动脉导管未闭术的护理

采用普通弹簧栓子封堵动脉导管未闭 (PDA) ,国外已有很多报道 ,但由于释放时难以控制定位 ,容易发生栓子脱落和移位。为克服此不足 ,近期我院采用美国 COOK公司生产的可控弹簧栓子封堵 PDA取得满意效果 ,护理如下。1　临床资料　 PDA患者 10 (男 3,女 7)例。年龄 2～ 35 (平均11.6)岁 ,体重 8～ 64(平均 30 .6) kg。PDA属 Kirchenko漏斗型 7例 ,漏斗 -管型 3例。PDA最窄处直径 1.4～ 3.2 (平均 2 .6) mm。 8例置入直径 5 mm、2例置入直径 8mm可控弹簧栓子。术后 10 min胸主动脉造影及术后 3d、1个月、6个月、12个月超声心动图未见残…     

应用可控弹簧栓子封堵动脉导管未闭

目的：评价可控弹簧栓子封堵动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）的初步疗效。　　方法：应用可控弹簧栓子经导管封堵ＰＤＡ共１２例。其中静脉法８例,动脉法４例。封堵前、后均行Ｘ线胸片、心电图、超声心动图、右心导管及主动脉弓降部造影检查。ＰＤＡ最窄直径１．３～３．４ ｍ ｍ ,平均２．５±０．６ ｍ ｍ 。　　结果：应用可控弹簧栓子封堵ＰＤＡ,全组１２例均封堵成功,无残余分流及并发症。　　结论：可控弹簧栓子封堵小ＰＤＡ安全、有效,一枚弹簧栓子适用于封堵直径≤２．５ ｍ ｍ 的ＰＤＡ     

未闭动脉导管形态和大小对Amplatzer法封堵治疗效果的影响

目的 :评价动脉导管未闭 （PDA）的大小和形态对 Amplatzer封堵器 （ADO）治疗效果的影响。方法 :全组 12 4例 ,年龄 2 6± 2 2 （0 .6～ 6 2 ）岁。根据造影结果 ,按 Krichenko方法分型 :其中 A型 78例 ,B型 8例 ,C型 2 1例 ,D型 5例 ,和 E型 12例 ;按 PDA肺动脉端最窄处直径分为 : 组 16例 （直径 <2 .5 m m ） , 组 96例 （直径 2 .5～ 10 .0 mm）和 组 12例 （直径 >10 .0 m m）。结果 :12 4例 ADO治疗均获成功。术后 5～ 10 m in降主动脉造影示有微量残余分流 2 6例 （2 1.0 % ） ,2 4 h超声心动图有微量残余分流 2例 （1.6 % ） ,随访 1～ 6月未发现残余分流和导管再通。不同形态和大小 PDA,其 ADO治疗的技术成功率、2 4 h完全闭合率和残余分流发生率无显著性差异 （P>0 .0 5 ）。术后 5～ 10 min微量残余分流与 PDA大小有关 , 组明显高于 组和 组 （P<0 .0 5 ） ;与 A型比较 ,C型 PDA术中透视时间长 （P<0 .0 1） ,再次封堵率高 （P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :PDA的大小和形态不影响 ADO的最终治疗结果 ;大的PDA封堵 5～ 10 min后其微量残余分流亦高 ;C型 PDA的封堵技术操作难度较大     

国产封堵器介入治疗巨大动脉导管未闭的临床评价

目的应用国产封堵器经导管治疗巨大动脉导管未闭（PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法全组27（男8,女19）例,年龄6～54（24±15）岁,主动脉造影示PDA最窄径为13～28（16±4）mm。封堵后即刻和30min行侧位降主动脉造影,术后2d,1、3、6个月分别行超声心动图及X线平片检查。结果24例成功,3例PDA封堵后判断为有阻力性肺动脉高压,放弃治疗。成功的患者中,14例选用国产PDA封堵器,10例选用国产ASD封堵器。术后即刻降主动脉造影检查示,使用ASD封堵器中,有2例微量残余分流,5例少量残余分流,1例少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器中,有4例微量残余分流,2例少量残余分流。术后30min,ASD封堵器4例微～少量残余分流,1例仍为少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器仅2例微量残余分流。1例ASD封堵器治疗术后7h发生溶血,治疗72h溶血无减轻迹象,外科开胸取出封堵器并行PDA结扎术。术后2d,超声心动图示PDA封堵器1例微量残余分流,ASD封堵器5例微量残余分流。随访1～6个月,所有左心内径增大的患者均明显回缩,未发现残余分流和导管再通。结论应用国产封堵器经导管治疗直径≥13mm的PDA是一种安全有效地介入方法。     

经导管封堵动脉导管未闭介入治疗后残余分流

目的探讨经导管封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)介入治疗后残余分流的可行性和临床疗效。方法自1997年3月至2001年8月16例PDA介入治疗后残余分流的患者,其中男4例,女12例,平均年龄5.9±2.4岁(2～9岁),平均体重17.7±5.4kg(9～28kg),应用不同介入方法经动脉或静脉途径封堵残余分流,首次介入治疗与再次介入治疗的时间间隔平均为1.5±1.1年(1天～3.5年)。结果残余分流直径平均为2.7±0.9mm(1.2～5.0mm)。15例成功完成残余分流封堵术,1例失败,技术成功率为94%(15/16)。单纯应用Cook可控弹簧圈9例(其中双弹簧圈2例),Rashkind双面伞2例,Sidris纽扣式补片1例,Amplatzer蘑菇伞2例,同时应用Cook可控弹簧圈和Sidris纽扣式补片1例。封堵术后即刻造影,3例仍有少量残余分流,完全闭合率为80%(12/15)。平均手术时间为75.0±22.8min(45～120min),平均X线透视时间为10.4±3.9min(5～20min)。股动脉并发症1例,其余无并发症出现。封堵术后24h复查超声心动图,所有残余分流均完全闭合(100%),在平均2年随访中未出现残余分流再通、封堵器移位和左右肺动脉狭窄。结论经导管封堵PDA介入治疗后残余分流安全、疗效确切、创伤小,可作为外科手术治疗PDA介入治疗后残余分流的一种替代方法。     

Long-term outcome of transcatheter coil closure of small to large patent ductus arteriosus

Coil closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has become an accepted alternative to surgical closure in most pediatric cardiac centers. However, little is known about the mid- to long-term outcome of this procedure. Therefore, we evaluated the immediate, short-, and long-term outcome of transcatheter coil closure (TCC) of PDA using single or multiple Gianturco coils or the Gianturco-Grifka Vascular Occlusive Device (GGVOD). One hundred forty-nine patients underwent an attempt at TCC of their PDAs at a median age of 2.4 years (2 weeks to 55 years) and median weight of 13.5 kg (2.3–87 kg). There were 33 patients < 1 year of age. The median PDA minimal diameter was 2 mm (0.4–7 mm) with 26 patients whose PDA minimal diameter was > 4 mm. A 4 Fr catheter was used for coil deployment in 136 patients, a 3 Fr in 4, and an 8 Fr in 4 patients who received the GGVOD. A single coil was used in 77 patients and multiple coils (2–6) were used in 66 patients. One hundred forty-six patients had successful closure (142 had immediate complete closure and 4 had residual shunt), 3 patients failed the initial attempt (2 underwent surgical ligation and 1 had a successful second attempt a year later). Of the four patients with residual shunt, three underwent a second procedure with implantation of 1–3 coils resulting in complete closure in all and one patient had spontaneous resolution of the residual shunt. Complications were encountered in nine patients: six had coil migration with successful retrieval in four; two had left pulmonary artery stenosis (2.4 kg and 6.3 kg infants), and one patient had loss of femoral arterial pulse. The median fluoroscopy time was 16 min (2–152 min). One hundred forty-two patients had the procedure as an outpatient, five patients stayed greater than 24 hr, and two of these patients were in hospital for 1 month for noncardiac reasons. At a median follow-up interval of 3.0 years (1 month to 5.1 years), there were no episodes of delayed coil migration, delayed recanalization, thromboembolic episodes, or bacterial endocarditis. Lung perfusion scans performed at a median follow-up interval of 1.6 years in 31 patients who received multiple coils revealed 45% ± 5% blood flow to the left lung. Long-term follow-up of coil closure of PDA indicates that the technique is safe and effective for most pa-tients with PDA up to a diameter of 7 mm. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 47:457–461, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘

目的：探讨经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘的方法及临床疗效。方法：经导管堵塞冠状动脉瘘14例，平均年龄7．1岁。结果：13例应用弹簧圈堵塞，平均瘘口大小为3．65mm，除3例失败外均获成功；1例（瘘口6．6mm）应用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵塞器堵塞成功。所有病例随访1个月－4年，均无残余分流及任何并发症。结论：经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘具有良好的临床疗效及安全性。可控弹簧圈一般用于堵塞瘘口较小的冠状动脉瘘，而瘘口较大的冠状动脉瘘可选用Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵塞器。     

Comparison between the safety profile and clinical results of the Cook detachable and Gianturco coils for transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 272 patients

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the occlusion rate and safety of Cook detachable coils versus Gianturco coils in transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). BACKGROUND: The Cook detachable coil recently was introduced in an attempt to improve the safety of transcatheter closure of PDA. METHODS: Between January 1994 and September 1998, 272 patients underwent transcatheter PDA closure. Cook detachable coils were used in 137 patients, with a mean age of 43.9 months and weight of 13.8 kg. In 135 patients, Gianturco coils were used, with a mean age of 56.8 months and weight of 17.8 kg. The mean narrowest diameter of the PDA in the Cook detachable coil group was 2.85 mm versus 2.32 mm for the Gianturco coil group. RESULTS: The Cook detachable coil group was younger and weighed less than the Gianturco group (P < 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). Their narrowest PDA diameter was larger (P < 0.01). Embolization rate was significantly lower in the Cook coil group (9[6.5%] of 137 vs 22 (16.3%) of 135; P = < 0.013). The mean follow-up for the Cook coil group was significantly shorter (0.55 years) than for the Gianturco coil group (1.18 years; P < 0.001). On an intention-to-treat basis, complete occlusion by echocardiography was achieved in 99 (72.3%) of 137 patients in the Cook detachable coil group, which was significantly less than the Gianturco coil group (114 [84.4%] of 135; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Cook detachable coils for transcatheter closures of the PDA are safer than Gianturco coils. Hence, children with large ductal can be treated earlier in life. Short-term complete occlusion rate was lower in the Cook detachable coil group. This rate can be explained by a shorter follow-up time, larger ductal diameter, and the different materials used for the detachable coils.     

Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭疗效分析

目的 评价Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的临床疗效。方法 对10例管型PDA患儿用Amplatzer PDA封堵器进行堵闭，2例窗型PDA用Amplatzer房间隔双伞封堵器堵闭。在透视下经6F输送器置入封堵器，术后10分钟，行右心导管检查及主动脉弓降部造影，术后24小时、1、3个月分别行彩色多普勒超声心动图、血常规及肝肾功能检查，评价治疗效果。结果 本组技术成功率为100％，患儿心脏双期连续性杂音均消失，术后10分钟主动脉弓降部造影显示少量残余分流2例，均为窗型PDA。术后24小时超声心动图示上述2例仍有微量分流。术后24小时、1、3个月行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查，均未发现残余分流、PDA再通及封堵器移位，血常规及肝肾功能检查均正常。2例有分流的患儿术后均出现急性溶血，经积极内科治疗后好转。其余10例无并发症发生。结论 应用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗PDA安全有效，近中期疗效满意，远期疗效尚待进一步观察。对窗型PDA可试用Amplatzer房间隔封堵器堵闭。对术后发生急性溶血者可采用内科治疗。     

Radiographic characteristics of Cook detachable and Gianturco coils as well as clinical results of transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus

PURPOSE: To describe the radiographic appearance of the Gianturco and the Cook detachable coils and present the clinical results in patients who underwent transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1994 and June 1997, eighty-two patients underwent closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using either Gianturco or Cook detachable coils. The chest x-ray and echocardiography of all patients were reviewed and the following parameters were evaluated: 1) the size of the heart (cardiothoracic ratio), 2) the position and the type of the coils in the postero-anterior and the lateral projection, 3) the number of coils used, 4) the existence of residual ductal flow, 5) Doppler velocity in the left pulmonary artery. RESULTS: Complete occlusion was achieved in 94%, and cardio-thoracic ratio regressed from 0.57 to 0.53 (p < 0.01), after a mean follow-up of 1.2 years. The identification of the different coils on the chest radiograph was successful in only 47% of cases, difficulties arising especially, when multiple coils were used. In 55 patients (67%) the coil position was judged to be optimal, in 27 patients (33%) suboptimal. The latter correlates with the presence of residual shunt. Multiple coils correlated more with a left pulmonary artery flow velocity exceeding 1.5 m/s. CONCLUSION: Coil-occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus is effective and leads to reduced cardio-thoracic ratio. Radiographic coil identification is possible but may be difficult if multiple coils are deployed. Suboptimal coil position led more often to residual PDA shunt. Multiple coils are more commonly associated with increased LPA velocities, but hemodynamic significant obstruction to flow is rare.     

Transcatheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus (> or = 4 mm) with multiple Gianturco coils: immediate and mid-term results.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the immediate and mid-term results of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) > or = 4 mm with multiple Gianturco coils. (Transcatheter closure of large PDAs using the Rashkind occluder or the buttoned device is associated with a 7-38% incidence of residual shunt.) METHODS: 19 patients (7 male, 12 female) underwent an attempt at anterograde transcatheter closure with multiple Gianturco coils of a large PDA at a median age of 3.8 yr (range 2 weeks-34 yr) and median weight of 14 kg (range 2.3-80 kg). RESULTS: The median PDA diameter at the narrowest segment was 4.3 mm (range 4-7 mm) and the mean (SD) Qp/Qs was 1.9 (0.8). Each patient had left atrial and left ventricular volume overload. A 4F catheter was used to deliver the coils in all patients. There was immediate and complete closure in 16/18; one patient had residual shunt that was closed at a second procedure and the other had spontaneous disappearance of the residual shunt at the six week visit. A short ductus (angiographic type B) in one patient could not be closed. The median number of coils placed at the first attempt to close the ductus was 4 (range 2-6 coils) and the median fluoroscopy time was 40 minutes (range 13-152 minutes). Mild left pulmonary artery stenosis occurred in the two smallest patients. Coil migration to the lung occurred in 3 patients with retrieval of coils in two patients. All procedures but one were done on an outpatient basis. At a median follow up of 1.6 yr (range 2 weeks-2.2 yr) all patients had complete closure with no new complications. CONCLUSIONS: Anterograde transcatheter closure with multiple Gianturco coils is an effective treatment for most patients with large PDA of diameters up to 7 mm. This technique can be performed in small infants on an outpatient basis without the need for general endotracheal anaesthesia.     

Transcatheter closure of persistent arterial ducts with different types of coils

BACKGROUND: Different types of coils have been designed for transcatheter closure of persistent arterial ducts. We compared the efficacy and safety of three types of coils: Gianturco coils (Cook), Cook detachable coils (Cook), and Duct Occlud devices (pfm). METHODS: Sixty-three patients underwent coil occlusion of arterial ducts between April 1995 and July 2000. The mean age and weight were 4.8+/-3.4 years and 16.5+/-7.6 kg, respectively. The results and complications of ductal occlusion among the three types of coils were compared. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess reduction in the prevalence of residual shunt with time, and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of complete occlusion. RESULTS: Coil occlusion of persistent arterial ducts that measured 2. 2 +/- 0.8 mm was feasible in 90% (57/63) of patients. Gianturco coils were used in 29, Duct Occlud devices in 16, and Cook detachable coils in 12 patients. The prevalence of residual shunt at 24 hours, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months was 42%, 20%, 18%, and 14%, respectively. The reduction in prevalence of residual shunt with time tended to be greater when Gianturco coils were used (P =. 067). Logistic regression identified the use of Gianturco coils to be a significant predictor of complete ductal occlusion on follow-up (P =.04). Pull-through of coils occurred in 4.8% (3/63) and coil embolization in 6.3% (4/63). There was no association between the type of coil and the risk of embolization (P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter occlusion of small persistent arterial ducts with coils is safe and effective. There is no advantage of detachable coils (Cook detachable coils and Duct Occlud devices) over nondetachable Gianturco coils in reducing the risk of embolization. Our findings are in favor of the inexpensive, but more effective, Gianturco coils for occluding small arterial ducts of 3 mm or less.     

Retrograde transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus: preliminary experience in Gianturco coil technique without heparinization

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to report the initial experience of using the Gianturco coil (Cook Cardiology, Bloomington, Indiana) without heparinization to close patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive patients (30 females, 10 males) underwent transcatheter closure of a PDA via the right femoral artery approach without heparinization. Patients ages ranged from 7 months to 55 years (median, 6.8 years); weights ranged from 7.8 65 kg (median, 18.3 kg). Twenty-one patients had cardiomegaly (n = 21), congestive heart failure (n = 10), or both (n = 10). The PDAs measured 0.8 4.5 mm (median, 2.6 mm) at the narrowest diameter; the mean Qp/Qs ranged from 1.0 2.6 (1.4 +/- 0.4). The helical diameter of the coil that we chose was 1.7 times the narrowest PDA diameter. The length of the coil was sufficient to produce 4 or 5 loops. RESULTS: Successful coil placement was accomplished in all 40 patients. Thirty-five patients (87.5%) underwent single coil implantation, 2 patients (5%) had 2 coils, and 3 patients (7.5%) had 3 coils. Complete ductus occlusion was achieved in 80% of cases at the end of the procedure, while 8 patients had minimal shunt detected by aortography or echocardiography. The occlusion rate increased to 87.5% by the next day, 90% by 1 month, 92.5% by 3 months, 95% by 6 months, and 97.5% by 9 and 12 months. Only one asymptomatic patient had minimal residual shunt detected by color Doppler at 12 months follow-up. At a median follow-up of 17 months (range, 5 25 months), no patient had thromboembolism, endocarditis, coil migration, diminished femoral pulse or hemolysis. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results suggest that retrograde transcatheter closure of PDA with the Gianturco coil without heparinization is feasible, safe and efficacious. A single coil allowed complete occlusion of PDA 3 mm in diameter.