水飞蓟素对人骨肉瘤Saos-2细胞的抑制作用及相关机制

目的研究水飞蓟素对人骨肉瘤Saos-2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法设置对照组及不同浓度水飞蓟素组,作用人骨肉瘤Saos-2细胞。倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化;CCK-8法测定细胞增殖;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;Western blot检测ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2及cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达。结果水飞蓟素抑制Saos-2细胞增殖,呈时间及浓度依赖性;水飞蓟素诱导Saos-2细胞凋亡,呈浓度依赖性;水飞蓟素降低Saos-2细胞p-ERK1/2蛋白表达,增加Saos-2细胞cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达,呈浓度依赖性,而ERK1/2蛋白表达无明显变化。结论水飞蓟素能够抑制人骨肉瘤Saos-2细胞增殖及诱导其凋亡,其作用机制可能与抑制ERK信号通路及上调caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

姜黄素对Saos-2细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的观察姜黄素对人骨肉瘤细胞系Saos-2增殖和凋亡的影响及其对Fas蛋白表达的调控。方法体外培养人骨肉瘤细胞系Saos-2,MTT法检测不同浓度姜黄素对骨肉瘤细胞系Saos-2的生长抑制作用,Annexin V/PI染色,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Hoechst 33258染色,显微镜下观察细胞凋亡的形态学变化,Western blot法检测Saos-2细胞Fas蛋白表达情况。结果 MTT检测显示姜黄素可抑制人骨肉瘤Saos-2细胞增殖,并具有时间和剂量依赖性,在姜黄素浓度为20μmol·L-1时,对细胞生长的抑制作用明显增强;流式细胞检测显示姜黄素可明显诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡;Hoechst33258染色可见凋亡小体;Western blot分析显示经姜黄素作用后的骨肉瘤细胞系Saos-2表达Fas较用药前明显增强。结论姜黄素对骨肉瘤细胞系Saos-2的增殖有抑制作用,并可诱导其发生凋亡,其可能通过上调Fas的表达,启动细胞凋亡程序,发挥其抗肿瘤作用。     

双氢青蒿素对人骨肉瘤细胞株143B增殖和凋亡的作用

目的观察双氢青蒿素(dihydroarteminin,DHA)对人骨肉瘤细胞143B的增殖和凋亡的影响以及可能的机制。方法体外培养人骨肉瘤细胞株143B;MTT比色法和克隆形成实验检测不同浓度DHA对骨肉瘤细胞存活与克隆形成能力的影响。Hoechst 33258染色法观察细胞凋亡的形态变化。构建β-Catenin荧光素酶报告基因(β-Catenin-Luc,p-Top)检测DHA作用143B后细胞内β-Catenin活性变化。不同浓度的DHA作用后,Western blot检测与细胞增殖(如PC-NA、Cyclin D1、c-Myc)、凋亡(如Bad、Bcl-2、Caspase-3)密切相关的标志物蛋白质表达变化。结果 DHA作用于143B细胞24 h后,MTT结果显示143B细胞的增殖活性受到明显抑制,且其克隆形成能力减弱(P<0.05),在DHA浓度达35μmol.L-1时,抑制效率最明显。Western blot结果显示PC-NA表达下调;而促凋亡蛋白Bad和Caspase-3表达上调,Bcl-2蛋白表达明显减弱。结论双氢青蒿素具有较明显的抑制人骨肉瘤细胞的增殖且促进其凋亡的作用,可能通过下调细胞增殖相关蛋白PCNA、Bcl-2和上调促凋亡蛋白Bad和Caspase-3,启动凋亡程序,致143B细胞发生凋亡。     

Linc00891通过竞争性结合并抑制miR-27a-3p在骨肉瘤中发挥抑癌作用#br#

摘要：目的　探讨Linc00891在骨肉瘤（OS）中发挥的作用并初步分析其机制。方法　实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测Linc00891在不同OS细胞系U-2 OS、Saos-2、MG-63、SW 1353及人成骨细胞系hFOB 1.19中的表达,选择Saos-2和MG-63 OS细胞系转染过表达Linc00891载体。CCK-8法、平板克隆法和Transwell小室检测过表达Linc00891对人OS细胞系Saos-2和MG-63增殖、克隆形成能力和迁移能力的影响。Western blot法检测上皮间质转化相关蛋白钙黏着蛋白E（E-cad）、钙黏着蛋白N（N-cad）的表达。RNA pulldown实验检测Linc00891和miR-27a-3p在OS细胞中的结合关系。TCF/LEF报告试剂盒检测过表达Linc00891和上调miR-27a-3p对不同OS细胞系中 Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响。结果　不同OS细胞系U-2 OS、Saos-2、MG-63、SW 1353中Linc00891的表达水平显著低于正常成骨细胞系hFOB 1.19（P＜0.05）。过表达Linc00891可抑制人OS细胞系Saos-2和MG-63的增殖、克隆形成能力、迁移能力及上皮间质转化（P＜0.05）。Linc00891和miR-27a-3p在OS细胞中存在结合关系。过表达Linc00891能够逆转miR-27a-3p对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的激活（P＜0.05）。结论　Linc00891通过竞争性结合并抑制miR-27a-3p,在OS中发挥抑癌作用。     

miR-140-5p靶向HDAC4调控人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63增殖

目的探讨microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p)能否通过抑制组蛋白脱乙酰基酶4(Histone deacetylase 4,HDAC4)基因调控人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63增殖。方法 qRT-PCR法检测miR-140-5p在骨肉瘤细胞系MG-63及成骨细胞系hFOB1.19中的差异表达;Western blot和qRT-PCR法检测miR-140-5p对HDAC4蛋白和mRNA表达的影响;CCK8法检测miR-140-5p对人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63增殖的变化;荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-140-5p能否特异性结合于HDAC4基因的3′非翻译区(3′untranslated region,3′UTR)。结果荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示,miR-140-5p可特异性结合于HDAC4基因的3′UTR;Western blot及qRT-PCR检测结果显示,miR-140-5p能抑制HDAC4的蛋白及mRNA表达;CCK8法结果显示,过表达miR140-5p可明显抑制人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63增殖。结论 miR-140-5p可抑制人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63增殖,且这种抑制效应与其特异性结合于HDAC4基因的3′UTR,下调HDAC4的表达有关。     

原花青素对人骨肉瘤Saos-2细胞增殖的影响及机制研究

目的研究原花青素体外对人骨肉瘤Saos-2细胞增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法体外培养人骨肉瘤Saos-2细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率;PI染色法检测细胞凋亡率;ELISA法检测Caspase-9、Caspase-12、Survivin含量;Bradford法检测SOD、M DA含量。结果 PC在48 h和72 h对Saos-2细胞的体外增殖均具有抑制作用,并具有浓度和时间依赖性;40、80、160μg/m L浓度的PC均诱导Saos-2细胞凋亡;促进Caspase-9和Caspase-12蛋白表达,抑制Survivin蛋白表达;增加细胞内SOD的活性,降低M DA的含量。结论 PC可抑制Saos-2细胞的增殖,可能与其增加机体的抗氧化功能及启动死亡受体通路、内质网通路、线粒体通路这三条途径诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

土槿乙酸抑制人卵巢癌SKOV_3细胞增殖并诱导G_2/M期阻滞

目的探讨土槿乙酸(pseudolaric acid B,PLAB)对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。方法 MTT法检测PLAB对细胞生长抑制作用;Hoechst 33342荧光染色分析细胞死亡特征;流式细胞术检测细胞周期;Real time-PCR和Western blot检测周期相关基因Cyclin B1、CDK1和CyclinD1的表达变化。结果 PLAB明显抑制SKOV3细胞生长,且抑制作用呈浓度-作用时间依赖性(P<0.05),其24、48和72 h的IC50值分别为2.44、1.60、2.94μmol.L-1。5μmol.L-1PLAB处理细胞24 h,细胞出现核染色质凝集、凋亡小体等典型凋亡特征,随着PLAB浓度升高,G2/M期细胞比例明显增大并表现出时间依赖性(P<0.05),同时伴有Cyclin B1和CDK1呈高表达状态(P<0.05),Cyclin D1呈低表达状态(P<0.05)。结论 PLAB可抑制SKOV3细胞生长,引起细胞G2/M期阻滞,伴随Cyclin B1和CDK1呈高表达状态,可能与其调控周期相关蛋白降解有关。     

甲硫氨酸限制对口腔癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响北大核心CSCD

目的探讨甲硫氨酸限制对人口腔鳞状癌细胞CAL-27的增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法采用计数法检测甲硫氨酸限制对口腔癌细胞CAL-27增殖的影响;平板克隆法检测CAL-27细胞克隆形成;流式细胞术结合PI单染法检测CAL-27细胞的周期;Annexin V-PE/7AAD双染法检测CAL-27细胞的凋亡;划痕与Transwell实验检测CAL-27细胞的迁移和侵袭能力;Western blot检测细胞凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Bax、细胞周期蛋白CDK2和CDK4以及迁移侵袭蛋白N-cadherin和E-cadherin的表达水平的变化。结果甲硫氨酸限制明显抑制口腔癌CAL-27细胞的增殖和克隆形成(P<0.01);甲硫氨酸限制将口腔癌细胞CAL-27阻滞在G_(0)/G_(1)期(P<0.01);甲硫氨酸限制明显诱导口腔癌细胞CAL-27细胞发生凋亡,抑制细胞的迁移和侵袭能力(P<0.01);Western blot结果表明甲硫氨酸限制明显下调口腔癌CAL-27细胞的凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达以及周期蛋白CDK2和CDK4的表达,并且明显下调迁移和侵袭蛋白N-cadherin以及上调E-cadherin的表达水平。结论口腔癌细胞CAL-27具有甲硫氨酸依赖性;通过甲硫氨酸限制明显抑制口腔癌细胞CAL-27细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,可为甲硫氨酸限制疗法应用于口腔癌的治疗提供理论依据。     

RNA干扰Aurora A表达对人子宫内膜癌细胞的生长与细胞周期的影响

目的 探讨应用RNA干扰技术抑制Aurora A基因表达,并研究Aurora A基因表达下调对人子宫内膜癌细胞生长和细胞周期分布的影响.方法 用RNA干扰法抑制Aurora A的蛋白表达,RT-PCR及Western blot方法 检测Aurora A mRNA和蛋白表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布的变化,四氮唑盐法(MTT)检测转染前后细胞生长抑制率变化.结果 siRNA Aurora A可明显降低Aurora A mRNA和蛋白的表达,siRNA Aurora A导入Ishikawa细胞48 h后,细胞的生长被抑制,细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期和S期;细胞的凋亡率明显升高.结论下调AuroraA表达可抑制人子宫内膜癌细胞系Ishikawa的增殖,同时导致细胞阻滞于G2/M期及S期并且促进细胞凋亡.     

上调miR-320a对注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ诱导的肝癌Bel-7402细胞凋亡和迁移的影响

目的研究上调miR-320a对注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ(BP素)诱导的肝癌Bel-7402细胞凋亡和迁移的影响。方法用定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测miR-320a在正常肝细胞与肝癌细胞中的表达差异;将miR-320a mimic转染到Bel-7402细胞中,qRT-PCR法检测miR-320a的表达水平;CCK-8法检测注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ对肝癌细胞增殖的影响;FCM检测细胞周期分布及凋亡变化;Transwell法检测注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ对肝癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响;Western blot检测细胞周期蛋白D1的表达及凋亡相关蛋白p53、Bax、Bcl-2,迁移相关蛋白MMP-3的表达。结果与正常肝细胞相比,miR-320a的表达水平在肝癌细胞中明显下调。转染miR-320a mimic的Bel-7402细胞命名为Bel-7402-miR-320a,CCK-8结果显示,给予注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ(100、200、300、400、500 mg·L~(-1))后,Bel-7402及Bel-7402-miR-320a细胞的增殖均受到了抑制。在Bel-7402和Bel-7402-miR-320a中,12h半数抑制浓度为250、200 mg·L~(-1),24 h半数抑制浓度为150、120 mg·L~(-1)。FCM检测结果显示,注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ可诱导Bel-7402、Bel-7402-miR-320a细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期,上调miR-320a后细胞凋亡率明显增加。Transwell结果显示,与Control组和加药组相比,Bel-7402-miR-320a+Ribonucleic acidⅡ组细胞迁移和侵袭明显受到抑制。Western blot结果显示,注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ作用Bel-7402和Bel-7402-miR-320a细胞后,凋亡相关蛋白p53、Bax的表达增加,而Cyclin D1、Bcl-2、MMP-3蛋白的表达下调。结论 miR-320a在肝癌Bel-7402细胞中的表达水平明显低于正常肝细胞。注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ可以通过下调细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1的表达,将细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期,激活p53信号通路,下调Bcl-2、上调Bax,破坏Bcl-2/Bax的比例,促进人肝癌Bel-7402细胞的凋亡,并通过抑制MMP-3的表达抑制人肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭。而过表达miR-320a后,可提高肝癌细胞对注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ的敏感性,增强注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ对肝癌细胞Bel-7402的作用。     

Effect of human kidney lipids on human kidney renin activity

The major lipids of human kidney tissue were isolated by solvent extraction, and the lipid composition was determined by thin-layer chromatographic techniques. The positional distribution of fatty acyl groups in ethanolamine and choline phosphatides was determined after enzymatic hydrolysis. Major phosphatides were assayed for plasmalogen content. Triglycerides were characterized by argentation chromatography. The fatty acyl composition of these lipids was also determined. The effect of intact triglycerides, phospholipids, 1- and 2-monoacyl phosphatides and ether lipids on renin activity in vitro was determined by incubations with 3-[U¹⁴C]valyl tetradecapeptide renin substrate. Kidney triglycerides, 1-monoacyl and 2-monoacyl phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines significantly inhibited renin activity. The renin-inhibitory effect of these lipids was comparable to inhibition by hog kidney phospholipid inhibitor. The intact phospholipids and cholesterol potentiated human kidney renin activity. Phosphatidylserines and synthetic glyceryl ether lipids have no significant effect. These results indicate that lipid-induced inhibition of human renin activity does not require the ethanolamine moiety, acyl group unsaturation, or the presence of a hydroxyl group at the 2-position. Additionally, no specific structure-activity relationships can describe lipid-renin interactions.     

Antitumor effects of recombinant human prolactin in human adenocarcinoma-bearing SCID mice with human NK cell xenograft

To survey the immune regulatory function of recombinant human prolactin (rhPRL) and its potential application in adoptive immunotherapy, CB17-SCID mice were loaded with human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells (5 x 10(5) cells/mouse, i.p.) 24 h before adoptive transfer with the purified human NK cells followed by rhPRL injection (10 mug/mouse, every other day for a total of 10 injections). Upon analysis, rhPRL did not exert any direct inhibitory effects on HT-29 cells but slightly improved the tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. After SCID mice were reconstituted with human NK cells, rhPRL improved the antitumor effects of human NK cells in HT-29-bearing SCID mice, showing a prolonged survival from 70.4 to 112.1 days, and the increased survival rate from all died to 40% survival for more than 160 days. rhPRL improved the proliferation of human NK cells with or without PHA stimulation. rhPRL also directly enhanced the cytotoxicity of human NK cells against HT-29 tumor cells in 4-h coculture. The supernatant of rhPRL-stimulating NK cells inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells through, at least partly, the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the supernatant. Thus, rhPRL administration in HT-29 tumor-bearing SCID mice promotes the antitumor effects of adoptively transferred NK cells.     

Priming effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 and recombinant human interferon-gamma on human neutrophil superoxide production

The effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) and recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) were evaluated on superoxide (O2-) production of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Ten minutes incubation with rhIL-2 showed a dose-dependent enhancement of n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced O2-production of human PMNs, and the rate of enhancement reached 49.6% at the concentration of 3000 U/ml rhIL-2. Same pretreatment with rhIFN-gamma also showed a dose-dependent enhancement of FMLP-induced O2-production of human PMNs, and the maximal rate of enhancement was 47.0% at the concentration of 3000 U/ml rhIFN-gamma. Any cytokines given alone did not induce O2- production. These cytokines showed no enhancement of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced O2- production, neither. The effects of these cytokines to FMLP-induced O2- production were kept in calcium-free medium. Moreover, incubation with these cytokines caused no elevation of intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca++]i) in resting PMNs. Incubation with them did not change the increase of [( Ca++]i) of PMNs induced by FMLP significantly, neither. Recombinant forms of cytokines are used clinically, now. These results may be helpful for the use of them.     

Effect of human plasma on the reactivation of sarin-inhibited human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase

The reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by oximes inevitably results in the formation of highly reactive phosphoryloximes (POX), which are able to re-inhibit the enzyme. In this study, the dependence of POX formation on AChE concentration was investigated with sarin-inhibited human erythrocyte AChE (EryAChE). A marked dependence was found with obidoxime but not with the experimental oxime HI?6, suggesting great differences in the decomposition rates of the respective POXs. At a physiological erythrocyte content the reactivation of EryAChE was markedly affected by POX with obidoxime and pralidoxime (2-PAM) but not with the newer oximes HI 6 and HLö 7. Addition of extensively dialysed, sarin-treated human plasma reduced the reactivation by obidoxime and 2-PAM even more. Obidoxime and 2-PAM were superior to HI 6 and HLö 7 in reactivating butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). This effect was pronounced in diluted plasma, but was obscured in concentrated plasma, probably because of re-inhibition by the generated POX. Addition of native erythrocytes to sarin-treated plasma resulted in marked inhibition of EryAChE in the presence of obidoxime, suggesting a higher affinity of the POX for EryAChE. The results indicate that obidoxime and 2-PAM may reactivate sarin-inhibited AChE insufficiently due to re-inhibition by the POX formed. In addition, the re-inhibition of EryAChE may be aggravated by the POX that is produced during BChE reactivation. These reactions must be regarded as therapeutically detrimental and disqualify those oximes which are capable of forming stable POX by reactivation of BChE.     

Glucuronidation of olanzapine by cDNA-expressed human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and human liver microsomes

Olanzapine is a widely used, newer antipsychotic agent, which is metabolized by various pathways: hydroxylation and N-demethylation by cytochrome P450, N-oxidation by flavin monooxygenase and direct glucuronidation. In vivo studies have pointed towards the latter pathway as being of major importance. Accordingly, the glucuronidation reaction was studied in vitro using cDNA-expressed human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and a pooled human liver microsomal preparation (HLM). Glucuronidated olanzapine was determined by HPLC after acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. The following UGT-isoenzymes were screened for their ability to glucuronidate olanzapine: 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7 and 2B15. Only UGT1A4 was able to glucuronidate olanzapine obeying saturation kinetics. The K(m) value was 227 micromol/l (SE 43), i.e. of the same order of magnitude as for other psychotropic drugs, and the V(max) value was 2370 pmol/(min mg) (SE 170). Glucuronidation was also mediated by the HLM preparation, but a saturation level was not reached. The olanzapine glucuronidation reaction was inhibited by several drugs known as substrates for UGT1A4, e.g. amitriptyline, trifluoperazine and lamotrigine. Thus, competition for glucuronidation by UGT1A4 represents a possibility for drug-drug interactions in subjects receiving several of these psychotropic drugs at the same time. Whether such possible interactions are of any clinical importance may await further studies in patients.     

Characterization of fimasartan metabolites in human liver microsomes and human plasma

1.?The metabolites of fimasartan (FMS), a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist, were characterized in human liver microsomes (HLM) and human subjects.

2.?We developed a method for a simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analysis using predictive multiple reaction monitoring information-dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion scanning. To characterize metabolic reactions, FMS metabolites were analyzed using quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer in full-scan mode.

3.?The structures of metabolites were confirmed by comparison of chromatographic retention times and mass spectra with those of authentic metabolite standards.

4.?In the cofactor-dependent microsomal metabolism study, the half-lives of FMS were 56.7, 247.9 and 53.3?min in the presence of NADPH, UDPGA and NADPH?+?UDPGA, respectively.

5.?The main metabolic routes in HLM were S-oxidation, oxidative desulfuration, n-butyl hydroxylation and N-glucuronidation.

6.?In humans orally administered with 120?mg FMS daily for 7 days, the prominent metabolites were FMS S-oxide and FMS N-glucuronide in the 0–8-h pooled plasma sample of each subject.

7.?This study characterizes, for the first time, the metabolites of FMS in humans to provide information for its safe use in clinical medicine.     

Phase I comparability of recombinant human albumin and human serum albumin

Recombinant human albumin (rHA) is a highly purified animal-, virus-, and prion-free product developed as an alternative to human serum albumin (HSA), to which it is structurally equivalent. The present investigation compared the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of rHA with HSA. Two double-blind, randomized trials were performed in healthy volunteers using intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) administration. The IM trial included 500 volunteers, each receiving 5 repeat doses of 5 mg (100 subjects), 15 mg (100 subjects), or 65 mg (300 subjects) of rHA or HSA. Thirty volunteers participated in the IV trial, each receiving ascending doses (10 g, 20 g, and 50 g) of either rHA or HSA. In both trials, all adverse events were recorded and conventionally classified; potential allergic responses were also monitored. Blood samples were taken in both studies to test for IgG or IgE antibodies against test products and potential impurities. For the IV study, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessments were performed, including measurement of serum albumin, colloid osmotic pressure, and hematocrit pre- and postinfusion. Nine subjects in the IM study (4 recipients of rHA and 5 of HSA) reported drug-related, potentially allergic events; all but 2 of these were skin related. No serious or potentially allergic events were reported with either product in the IV study. There was no immunological response to either product, and dose level did not influence the study outcomes. Serum albumin, colloid osmotic pressure changes, and hematocrit ratio were as expected, with no differences between rHA and HSA. rHA and HSA exhibited similar safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles, with no evidence of any immunological response.