脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块及其稳定性

探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变特点及其与脑梗死之间的关系 ,寻找不稳定性颈动脉斑块的血清标志物。通过对 12 0例定位于颈内动脉系统的动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者进行颈动脉超声检查 ,根据颈动脉超声结果分为软斑组、硬斑组和无斑块组 ,对符合入选标准的 84例患者于入院 3周后 ,用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定血清基质金属蛋白酶 9水平。结果发现 ,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率为 72 .5 % (87例 ) ,颈动脉重度狭窄发生率为 4 .17%。梗死侧颈动脉软斑发生率 (32 .9% )高于非梗死侧 (16 .9% ) ,软斑组和硬斑组基质金属蛋白酶 9水平均明显高于无斑块组 ,而软斑组基质金属蛋白酶 9水平又高于硬斑组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结果提示 ,缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变特点可能以斑块居多 ,而重度狭窄发生率较低 ,软斑为脑梗死重要危险因素 ,基质金属蛋白酶 9可能是不稳定性粥样斑块的一个潜在的血清标志物。     

老年高血压患者颈动脉颅外段硬化与无症状性脑梗死

目的探讨老年原发性高血压无症状性脑梗死与颈动脉颅外段狭窄的关系.方法应用彩色多普勒超声检查仪检测老年原发性高血压合并无症状性脑梗死组(n=50)和无无症状性脑梗死组(n=114)患者的颈动脉颅外段血管管腔直径、内膜-中层厚度、斑块及狭窄程度.结果老年高血压合并无症状性脑梗死组患者颈动脉颅外段狭窄的发生率及粥样硬化斑块发生率分别为92.0%和82.0%,显著高于没有无症状性脑梗死组(64.9%和58.8%;P=0.000和P=0.004);不稳定斑块发生率为38.0%,亦显著高于无无症状性脑梗死组(7.0%,P=0.000).与脑梗死病灶同侧的颈动脉颅外段狭窄发生率为69.8%,显著高于非梗死侧(35.1%,P=0.001).结论老年原发性高血压病合并无症状性脑梗死患者颈动脉颅外段狭窄和粥样硬化斑块,尤其是不稳定斑块有较高的发生率;颈动脉颅外段狭窄与颅内梗死病灶有同侧相关性.对老年原发性高血压病患者定期进行颈动脉彩色多谱勒超声检查,及早期发现颈动脉颅外段狭窄并采取相应措施,对预防缺血性脑血管病的发生有重要意义.     

老年脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化关系的临床研究

目的　探讨老年脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法　应用彩色多普勒超声对 1 0 8例老年脑梗死患者及 86例同龄无明显心脑血管病患者进行对照研究 ,观察其颈动脉内膜 -中膜厚度 (IMT)、斑块结构及管腔狭窄情况。结果　脑梗死组颈动脉斑块发生率为 82 .41 % ,显著高于对照组 (48.84% ) (P<0 .0 0 0 1 )。斑块类型中软斑块及溃疡斑所占的比率、颈总动脉 IMT增厚和颈动脉中度 (50 %～ 70 % )及重度 (>70 % )狭窄的发生率脑梗死组高于对照组 ,差异均有显著性意义。结论　老年人颈动脉粥样硬化斑块类型 ,IMT增厚及管腔狭窄程度与脑梗死密切相关。     

老年高血压患者颈动脉颅外段硬化与无症状性脑梗死

目的探讨老年原发性高血压无症状性脑梗死与颈动脉颅外段狭窄的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒超声检查仪检测老年原发性高血压合并无症状性脑梗死组(n=50)和无无症状性脑梗死组(n=114)患者的颈动脉颅外段血管管腔直径、内膜中层厚度、斑块及狭窄程度。结果老年高血压合并无症状性脑梗死组患者颈动脉颅外段狭窄的发生率及粥样硬化斑块发生率分别为92.0%和82.0%,显著高于没有无症状性脑梗死组(64.9%和58.8%;P=0.000和P=0.004);不稳定斑块发生率为38.0%,亦显著高于无无症状性脑梗死组(7.0%,P=0.000)。与脑梗死病灶同侧的颈动脉颅外段狭窄发生率为69.8%,显著高于非梗死侧(35.1%,P=0.001)。结论老年原发性高血压病合并无症状性脑梗死患者颈动脉颅外段狭窄和粥样硬化斑块,尤其是不稳定斑块有较高的发生率;颈动脉颅外段狭窄与颅内梗死病灶有同侧相关性。对老年原发性高血压病患者定期进行颈动脉彩色多谱勒超声检查,及早期发现颈动脉颅外段狭窄并采取相应措施,对预防缺血性脑血管病的发生有重要意义。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性与脑梗死的相关研究

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性与脑梗死关系。方法对120例脑梗死病人及100例对照组病人行颈动脉超声检查。结果脑梗死组斑块发生率（72．8％）明显高于对照组（56．0％），梗死组不稳定斑块（软斑及溃疡斑）的发生率明显高于对照组（分别为41．1％与18．3％）；梗死侧组软斑及溃疡斑的发生率亦明显高于非梗死侧组，分别为63个（52.1％）与11个（18.6％）（P〈0．05）。脑梗死组〉75％的管腔狭窄数为20例明显高于对照组的3例（，P〈0．05）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死显著相关，颈动脉粥样硬化的程度及斑块的不稳定性是脑梗死的危险因素。     

颈动脉内中膜厚度与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的 探讨颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)以及粥样硬化斑块的发生情况与脑梗死的相关性.方法 采用彩色多普勒超声仪对102例脑梗死患者及98例非脑血管病患者行颈动脉超声检查,测量IMT以及观察粥样硬化斑块的发生情况,并作对比分析.结果 脑梗死组IMT,左侧为1.39 mm±0.13 mm,右侧为1.27 mm±0.14 mm;非脑血管病组IMT,左侧为0.79 mm±0.18 mm,右侧为0.62 mm±0.05 mm.脑梗死组左右两侧颈动脉IMT明显高于非脑血管病组(P<0.01).脑梗死组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率为71.8%(73/102),其中软斑检出率63.1%,硬斑检出率为21.7%,混合斑检出率为15.2%;非脑血管病组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率为35.7%(35/98),其中软斑检出率34.3%,硬斑检出率为65.7%,未检出混合斑.组间比较,脑梗死组斑块发生率、软斑检出率及混合斑栓出率均高于非脑血管病组,而硬斑检出率则低于非脑血管病组(P<0.01).结论 颈动脉IMT以及粥样硬化斑块,尤其是不稳定斑块的发生与脑梗死密切相关,是脑梗死不可忽视的危险因素.     

颈动脉粥样硬化超声表现与脑梗死的关系探讨

目的进一步探讨颈动脉粥样硬化超声表现与脑梗死的关系。方法对3 536例行颈动脉高频率彩色多普勒超声检查的患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变进行分析。结果 1 359例脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化发生率(84.9%)和斑块发生率(63.6%)均比非脑梗死者高(P<0.05),其中不同类型斑块发生率从高到低依次为:硬斑(54.8%)、软斑(21.1%)、纤维斑(16.1%)和溃疡斑(8.0%)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化病变与脑梗死有密切的联系。高频率彩色多普勒超声可检测颈动脉粥样硬化病变,判断内膜病变情况,斑块形成部位和形态类型及颈动脉狭窄程度,对脑梗死发生的预测及临床早期干预有重要的临床价值。     

脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块127例临床分析

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死及相关因素的关系。方法应用HP超声仪器对经头颅CT确诊为颈动脉系统脑梗死患者127例双侧颈动脉进行检测,分为脑梗死侧组和非梗死侧组进行颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率进行比较,并根据超声结果是否阳性,分为斑块组与非斑块组,对两组年龄、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、纤维蛋白原进行比较。结果脑梗死侧组斑块检出率为72.1%明显高于非梗死侧组的57.2%(P<0.05)。斑块组纤维蛋白原高于非斑块组(P<0.05),其他指标无统计学意义。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死之间存在密切关系。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死复发的关系研究

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死复发的关系。方法采用彩色多普勒超声对278例脑梗死患者的颈动脉进行检测,并随访18个月,脑梗死复发64例(复发组),脑梗死无复发214例(无复发组),比较2组患者颈动脉粥样硬化的特征。结果复发组患者高血压、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病明显高于无复发组(P0.05,P0.01)。颈动脉中、重度狭窄及闭塞患者脑梗死复发率明显高于无颈动脉粥样硬化改变及颈动脉轻度狭窄患者(P0.05)。软斑患者脑梗死复发率明显高于无斑块及硬斑患者(P0.05)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的复发密切相关,颈动脉粥样硬化的严重程度是脑梗死复发的危险因素,可作为脑梗死复发的预测指标。     

颈动脉粥样硬化致血小板活化及其与急性脑梗死的关系

为探讨颈动脉粥样硬化致血小板活化机制及其与急性脑梗死的关系,采用彩色多普勒血流显像仪和流式细胞仪分别测定115例急性脑梗死患者颈动脉及其周围血血小板表面CD62p、CD63的表达,并与30例非脑梗死头晕患者对照.结果发现,急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块较对照组明显增多,单侧脑梗死者同侧颈动脉斑块明显增加,达68.75%,双侧脑梗死者双侧颈动脉斑块达58.47%.斑块处狭窄,局部血流增快.颈动脉斑块患者血CD62p和CD63水平较正常动脉者明显增高,单侧颈内动脉粥样硬化斑块患者血CD62p和CD63的阳性率及荧光强度分别达4.72%±4.52%、5.38%±3.73%和1.50±0.26、1.38±0.14,双侧斑块者达7.72%±4.96%、6.78%±4.02%和1.59±0.37、1.41±0.18,后者较前者明显增高(P<0.05).脑梗死患者血小板活化率明显较对照组增高,并与颈动脉粥样硬化程度相关(P<0.05).结果提示,颈动脉粥样硬化构成"高剪切力+低剪切力"的特殊剪切力梯度活化血小板,可能是颈动脉粥样硬化导致急性脑梗死的一个重要发病因素.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.