卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤的MRI表现

目的:探讨卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤的MRI表现特点,提高其诊断水平。方法:对经手术病理证实的42例63个卵泡膜细胞瘤的MRI资料、实验室检查结果进行分析。结果:42例63个病灶均呈实性,T1WI均呈低信号,T2WI呈明显低信号45个(71.4%),以低信号为主夹杂斑片状与云絮状略高信号18个(28.6%);增强扫描后肿块强化不明显14个,轻度强化35个,以轻度强化为主、局部较明显强化14个;子宫内膜增厚6例(14.3%),腹水12例(28.6%),25例雌激素E2检查中10例增高(40.0%)。结论:卵泡膜细胞瘤的T2WI呈明显低信号及轻度强化方式为其特征性表现;子宫内膜增生及雌激素E2增高有助于其鉴别诊断。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的 :探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的CT、MRI表现,旨在提高对该病的认识。方法 :回顾性分析28例经手术或穿刺病理证实的SPTP的临床、影像及病理资料。结果:28例中,12例病变位于胰头部,6例位于胰体部,10例位于胰尾部。肿块呈类圆形16例,分叶状12例。12例病灶内可见钙化。25例肿块最大径30 mm,3例≤30 mm。实性成分为主8例,囊实性为主15例,囊性为主5例。实性肿块CT表现为等或低密度,增强扫描动脉期肿块呈轻中度强化,门脉期及延迟期肿块呈渐进性持续强化;MRI表现T_1WI均呈低信号,T_2WI呈高信号26例。囊性部分CT平扫为低密度,增强扫描各期病灶未见明显强化;MRI表现为T_1WI呈低信号,T_2WI呈高信号。23例肿块周围包膜完整,5例包膜不完整;MRI表现为T_1WI和T_2WI呈低信号,增强扫描可见强化。结论:SPTP多见于年轻女性,具有特征性的CT和MRI表现,CT与MRI对其诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

脊髓亚急性联合变性的MRI诊断价值及临床特点

目的:探讨MRI对脊髓亚急性联合变性(SCD)的诊断价值及其临床表现。方法:维生素B_(12)缺乏及临床诊断为SDC患者9例,行MRI检查,扫描序列包括矢状面SE T_1WI、FSE T_2WI、T_2-FLAIR及横轴面T_2WI,其中6例行Gd- DTPA增强扫描。结果:MR图像上所有病例均显示颈髓或胸髓侧索或后索对称性病变,T_1WI上显示为等或稍低信号,T_2WI上为高信号,T_2-FLAIR上为高信号,病灶范围显示清晰,Gd-DTPA增强扫描病灶无明显强化。结论:MRI有助于SCD的诊断和随访观察,尤其是T_2-FLAIR序列,能准确显示病变范围。     

长骨纤维结构不良的MRI诊断

目的 探讨长骨纤维结构不良的MRI表现特点.方法 回顾分析16例经手术病理证实的长骨纤维结构不良患者的MRI影像资料.结果 与周围正常肌肉信号相比,病变在T1WI表现为均匀等信号4例,等信号为主的等、低混杂信号8例,均匀低信号3例;T2WI显示较均匀高信号3例,不均匀中等信号5例,中等信号为主的等、高混杂信号7例;1例在T1WI及T2WI均显示为均匀低信号.4例可见病灶内线样分隔,分隔在T1WI、T2WI均表现为低信号.注射Gd-DTPA增强扫描,病灶可表现为边缘强化、斑片状强化或不均匀强化.结论 纤维结构不良的MRI表现与病灶内不同病理组织成分相关,且MRI能够提供更全面的影像学信息.     

葡萄胎的MRI表现与认识

目的探讨葡萄胎(HM)的MRI表现,以进一步提高影像表现的认识。方法选取并分析14例经手术和病理证实的HM患者的临床及MRI资料。结果 14例HM均表现子宫增大,病灶充盈宫腔。12例完全性葡萄胎(CHM)病灶呈T_1WI等、稍低信号,T2WI等、高信号且内部多发大小不等边界清晰的囊状高信号,分布均匀;其中5例病灶局部含少量不同时期的出血信号。1例PHM病灶内部混有出血,T_1WI、T_2WI混杂信号,未见囊。另1例PHM病灶呈T_1WI等、稍低信号,T_2WI稍高信号且未见囊,病灶局部含出血信号。14例均显示宫腔少量出血信号。DWI低信号为主,部分出血部位表现为高信号。T_2WI显示子宫蜕膜层、结合带清晰、连续,子宫肌层流空血管影。动态增强显示胚胎或胎盘附着部位清晰,呈血管样强化,附着部位子宫肌层血管增粗、强化,病灶逐渐强化,呈网状、条片状。延迟期病灶实性部分明显强化,囊性部分无强化。卵巢发现囊性病变6例。结论 HM的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,为临床提供了更多诊断信息。     

椎管内微小占位性病变的MRI诊断

目的:研究椎管内微小占位性病变的MRI特征及其对病变定性、定位诊断的意义。材料与方法:24例椎管内微小占位性病变患者(男12例,女12例,年龄23～67岁,平均29.1岁)均经PHILIPS 1.0NT型MR仪行常规T_1WI、T_2WI磁共振成像,其中6例又经Gd-DTPA增强扫描。全部病例的椎管内占位病变均经病理证实,并对其MRI表现进行了回顾性分析。结果:24例的病变经病理证实,18例为胚胎源性肿瘤(10例表皮样囊肿,4例皮样囊肿,4例畸胎瘤),4例为神经源性肿瘤(3例神经鞘瘤,1例神经纤维瘤),以及脊膜瘤与脂肪瘤各1例。各种占位性病变的MRI表现随其不同的组织学来源而有很大差别。表皮样囊肿多为均质长T_1长T_2信号。皮样囊肿以短T_1,长T_2信号为主。畸胎瘤呈混杂信号。神经鞘瘤为T_1WI低信号、T_2WI高信号,Gd-DTPA增强扫描后,囊壁均匀强化,偶见强化附壁结节。神经纤维瘤呈均质长T_1、长T_2信号,Gd-DTPA增强扫描后,病灶呈异常对比增强。脊膜瘤呈长T_1、稍长T_2信号,Gd-DTPA增强扫描后,病灶呈异常对比强化,并见局部硬脊膜增厚强化而形成的硬膜尾征。结论:各种病变的MRI表现随其组织学来源不同而有明显差异,它们在椎管内微小占位性病变的定性、定位诊断中起着重要作用,其诊断准确性优于X线椎管造影与CT。     

小脑发育不良性神经节细胞瘤MRI诊断价值

目的：探讨小脑发育不良性神经节细胞瘤的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的小脑发育不良性神经节细胞瘤的MRI资料。结果：MRI显示病变侧小脑半球异常信号区,T1WI病灶与正常脑组织对比呈层状等、低信号,T2WI病灶呈层状等、高信号;病灶周围无明显水肿,静脉注入Gd-DTPA无明显强化。结论：小脑发育不良性神经节细胞瘤的MRI表现具有一定的特征性,有利于本病的术前诊断及鉴别诊断。     

原发性肝类癌的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨原发性肝类癌的CT及MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2008年11月间11例经手术病理证实的原发性肝类癌患者资料.4例行CT检查,8例行MRI检查,分析其影像表现特征.结果 11例中肿瘤多发2例,表现为2个或2个以上的结节状病灶,其余9例均为单发.CT检查4例患者病灶均表现为平扫边界清楚低密度,中心可见不规则更低密度区;增强后动脉期病灶实质部分不均匀强化,中心更低密度区无强化,门静脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍轻度强化,强化程度较动脉期减低,中心坏死区始终无强化.MRI 8例患者中7例T_1WI表现为边界清楚的不均匀低信号,T_2WI病灶呈高信号,中心可见不规则低信号;增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀强化,病灶中心可见不规则无强化低信号区,门静脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍轻度强化,边缘显示不清,病灶中心无强化低信号区范围较动脉期缩小.1例患者T_1WI表现为边界清楚的囊状低信号影,囊内可见高信号,T_2WI病灶呈高信号;增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀强化,门静脉期及延迟期呈低信号.结论 平扫和动态增强CT扫描及MRI能反映原发性肝类癌的影像特点,具有一定特征性.     

胰腺MRI:技术及诊断研究

目的 :探讨MR不同序列在胰腺病变诊断中的应用价值。方法 :84例胰腺检查包括 5 0例正常胰腺及 3 4例临床怀疑有病变的胰腺 ,其中包括 15例胰腺癌 ,2例胰岛细胞瘤 ,1例粘液性囊腺瘤 ,4例胰周肿瘤 ,12例胰腺炎。MR扫描序列包括常规SET1WI ;FSET2 WI ;增强前、后的脂肪抑制T1WI和GRE。结果 :3 4例异常胰腺中的 2 7例 ,增强前、后T1WI脂肪抑制像提供了最好的诊断信息 ,其次为增强后立即扫描的GRE像。未增强的GRE像极好地显示了急性胰腺炎的特征 ,SET2 WI像对胰岛细胞瘤及胰腺癌的肝转移显示较为敏感。结论 :增强前、后T1WI脂肪抑制序列及动态增强的GER序列 ,应为胰腺MRI的标准序列。     

MRI在腮腺良性肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨腮腺良性肿瘤的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析23例(27个病灶)经手术病理证实的腮腺良性肿瘤患者的MRI资料,并与手术病理结果进行对照。结果:23例中多形性腺瘤9例,腺淋巴瘤8例(12个病灶),囊性淋巴管瘤3例,血管瘤、基底细胞腺瘤和脂肪瘤各1例。肿瘤大部分形态较规则,与正常腮腺组织分界清;9例多形性腺瘤中7例位于腮腺浅叶,2例位于深叶;于T_1WI上呈等信号,T_2WI上呈高信号,增强后有较明显强化。8例腺淋巴瘤在T_1WI上呈稍低信号,T_2WI上呈等低信号,增强后轻度强化。3例囊性淋巴管瘤均呈多房囊性病灶,形态不规则。1例血管瘤信号不均匀,呈明显长T_1、长T_2信号,静脉注射Gd-DTPA后病变强化明显,并可见异常增粗的血管结构。1例基底细胞腺瘤,来源于腮腺深叶,T_1WI呈欠均匀等低信号,T_2WI呈明显不均匀高信号,增强后呈轻中度强化。1例脂肪瘤在T_1WI及T_2WI上均表现为明显高信号。本组病例MRI定位和定性诊断符合率分别为95.7%和82.6%。结论:腮腺良性肿瘤的MRI表现有一定特征性,MRI在腮腺良性肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断中有较高的临床应用价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.