31例冠状动脉旁路移植术同期左室室壁瘤切除的疗效

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术同期左室室壁瘤切除的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2010年1月至2012年8月31例冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行左室室壁瘤切除术患者的病例资料,对其进行整理统计分析,评价治疗效果。结果患者术后左心室舒张末期较术前明显缩小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;左心室射血分数较术前明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后出现低心排综合征4例,室性心律失常2例,脑梗塞1例。围术期死亡2例,均死于严重低心排综合征。通过电话随访及门诊复查,随访28例,随访率90．3％,随访时间5个月,随访期间无远期死亡。结论冠状动脉旁路移植术同期左室室壁瘤切除术后疗效满意。根据患者室壁瘤的大小和病变程度合理选择手术方式、适宜的左室重建及有效的心肌保护是手术成功的关键。     

左心室室壁瘤所致心律失常的6例外科治疗

目的:对左心室室壁瘤合并心律失常的患者进行左心室室壁瘤切除,同时行射频消融心脏手术的结果资料进行临床分析,评价其手术疗效。方法:入选我院2008年1月至2011年5月间,接受左心室室壁瘤合并心律失常的患者进行心脏手术6例。心律失常均为药物无法控制的顽固性心律失常,心电图术前证实。结果:6例患者手术后均痊愈出院,治愈率100%。单纯行左心室室壁瘤切除的同时,2例施行左心室室壁瘤颈部内膜射频消融术,4例施行左心室室壁瘤颈部外膜射频消融术。体外循环时间(100.7±48.6)min,循环阻断时间(67.9±36.1)min。本组病例的术前与术后左心室射血分数分别为(35.3±10.2)%与(51.6±10.4)%,术前和术后相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前和术后的左心室舒张末径大小分别为(60.5±4.5)mm与(51.2±5.5)mm,术前和术后相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);呼吸机辅助时间为(1.2±0.4)d,ICU时间为(1.5±0.8)d,住院时间为(23.3±10.2)d。心电图恢复窦性心律,无各种心律失常出现。随访5例,随访时间3～14个月,治疗效果良好,心电图显示为窦性心律,无心律失常复发,心脏超声示心功能正常,心功能均达Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,生活质量较术前明显提高。结论:左心室室壁瘤患者进行左心室室壁瘤切除,同时进行射频消融术,使患者摆脱心脏疾病症状,这种心脏手术是安全可行的。     

左心室室壁瘤的外科治疗

对10例左心室室壁瘤患者行左心室室壁瘤切除和左心室折叠或成形术,同时行冠状动脉旁路移植术9例、室壁瘤内取血栓4例、二尖瓣成形2例。无1例术后早期死亡。平均体外循环(187.3±20.4)m in,平均心脏阻断(105.3±18.50)m in。超声心动图提示术后均左心房室明显减小,左心功能改善满意。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病13例的外科治疗

目的探讨肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy,HOCM)患者的外科治疗、手术疗效及经验,为基层医院开展此类手术提供经验。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2016年10月高州市人民医院13例外科治疗的HOCM患者的临床资料,其中男8例、女5例,年龄29.3(1~47)岁。术中、术后用食道超声心动图评估左心房、左心室、左心室流出道流速及压差、左心室射血分数、二尖瓣关闭情况。13例患者均采用改良Morrow手术疏通左心室流出道,同时对二尖瓣成形或二尖瓣置换不予处理,并矫正心内合并的其他畸形。结果 1例因出现低心排血量综合征,术后2 d死亡。其余患者手术效果满意,无近期或中期死亡及相关并发症,住院时间8.4(7~13)d。术后左心室流出道压差比术前明显降低[(14.3±8.3)mmHg vs.(85.3±40.5)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)]。术后食道超声提示收缩期前向运动(systolic anterior motion,SAM)征消失。2例术前二尖瓣中-重度反流,行二尖瓣成形效果欠佳而改行二尖瓣机械瓣置换。2例二次转机行左心室流出道疏通。术后12例随访,随访率100%,主要以门诊及电话随访,随访1个月~10年,患者症状明显改善,纽约心脏协会心功能在I~II级,无远期死亡、其他并发症或再次手术。结论充分疏通左心室流出道及妥善处理二尖瓣,外科治疗HOCM是安全、有效的。     

左心室成形术治疗缺血性心力衰竭

目的:探讨并行循环下采用左心室成形术治疗缺血性心力衰竭的临床技术和经验,并报告中期疗效随访结果. 方法:回顾性分析2004年4月至2007年6月,我院心胸外科17例行左心室成形术的缺血性心力衰竭患者的临床资料.其中男性14例,女性3例,平均年龄(64±12.1)岁.既往有心肌梗死史12例,合并缺血性二尖瓣返流10例,合并左心室室壁瘤13例,合并左心室血栓4例.术前左心室射血分数(IVEF)为(29.1±6.4)%.术前心功能NYHA分级Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级12例.17例缺血性心力衰竭的患者中,9例行左心室成形术+冠状动脉旁路术;6例行左心室成形术+冠状动脉旁路术+二尖瓣成形术;2例行单纯左心室成形术.4例合并左心室血栓者同时行左室血栓清除.全组患者均采用常温并行循环、左心引流,不阻断升主动脉,心脏跳动下完成左心室成形术.13例患者采用Dor手术进行左心室成形,4例患者采用改良线性缝合法进行室壁瘤切除+左心室成形.术后患者均接受门诊或电话随访. 结果:全组发生手术死亡1例,二次开胸止血1例.存活患者无严重围术期并发症发生.术后随访(12.7±6.1)个月,无失访例.随访期间中1例患者于术后3个月死于严重肺部感染.其余患者均存活,无心血管不良事件发生.术后患者IVEF平均为(42.8±7.2)%,较手术前明显改善(P<0.05).术后心功能NYHA分级T～Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级6例(P<0.05). 结论:并行循环下采用左心室成形术治疗缺血性心力衰竭安全可靠,中期随访疗效满意,但其对于患者心功能以及生存率的远期影响,尚有待进一步研究.     

改良扩大Morrow术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病近中期结果分析

目的:总结改良扩大Morrow术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的临床经验,分析其近中期结果。方法:回顾性分析2012年5月至2019年6月,在我院行改良扩大Morrow术的26例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者临床资料。其中女性18例,男性8例,年龄31~67岁,平均年龄(45.6±13.5)岁。所有患者均经主动脉切口行改良扩大Morrow术,合并心脏病变同期处理,比较术前、术后及随访时超声心动图、心电图结果及并发症情况。结果:全组无手术死亡,单纯行改良扩大Morrow术18例,同期冠状动脉旁路移植术1例,二尖瓣成形或置换术5例,主动脉瓣置换术1例,心房颤动改良迷宫术1例。随访3~90个月,左心室流出道压差[(20.3±17.5)vs.(65.2±27.5)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa]、最大室间隔厚度[(18.6±6.4)vs.(26.3±5.1)mm]均较术前明显降低,LVEDD[(43.3±4.1)vs.(38.7±4.9)mm]较术前增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);24例(92.3%)患者NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,较术前明显改善(P<0.01),二尖瓣反流程度减轻(P<0.01),二尖瓣收缩期前向运动现象消失。术后并发症包括:III°房室传导阻滞2例(8.3%);2例患者因切除范围不够致术后残余左心室流出道压差,1例再次行改良扩大Morrow术。结论:肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者行改良扩大Morrow术可获得良好的近中期效果,不良事件发生率低,远期结果有待进一步随访观察。     

不同保留瓣下结构方法行二尖瓣置换术的对比研究

目的:总结不同保留瓣下结构方法在二尖瓣置换术中的临床应用和体会,提高临床治疗效果,降低术后病死率和并发症发生率。方法:回顾性分析2005年5月至2013年7月,102例以二尖瓣病变为主的患者,实施了保留二尖瓣瓣叶及瓣下结构的瓣膜置换术(均置换的机械瓣膜),其中男性48例,女性54例,年龄22~67岁,平均(46±10.1)岁,术前诊断二尖瓣狭窄为主22例,二尖瓣狭窄合并关闭不全56例,二尖瓣关闭不全为主24例,合并三尖瓣中度以上关闭不全38例,合并心房颤动35例,合并左心房血栓3例。术前射血分数(EF)33%~65%,平均(52±8.2)%。心功能分级(NYHA分级)Ⅱ级7例、Ⅲ级76例、Ⅳ级19例。同期选择行保留后叶及瓣下结构以及不保留瓣膜和瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术的患者各102例作为对照组。三组患者术前情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结果:保留全瓣组无围手术期死亡;保留后叶组术后早期死亡2例(1.96%),1例死于严重低心排出量综合征(低心排),1例死于肺部感染;不保留组术后早期死亡5例(4.90%),3例死于左心室后壁破裂,2例死于严重低心排。术后6个月心脏超声随访结果显示保留全瓣组术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)均较保留后叶组和不保留组有改善,其中LVEF和LVESD的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:保留全瓣及瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术近期效果优良,适合各种类型的二尖瓣病变,主要是以二尖瓣关闭不全为主的病变。该方法操作上较为复杂,适合经验丰富的外科医生。保留后叶适合二尖瓣狭窄为主,瓣环偏小的患者。     

保留部分二尖瓣结构的二尖瓣瓣膜置换术25例临床观察

将同期于我院施行二尖瓣置换手术的46例患者随机分为观察组25例和对照组21例,观察组行保留部分二尖瓣结构的瓣膜置换术,对照组则行常规二尖瓣置换术(不保留二尖瓣结构).观察两组临床疗效及带机时间;分别于术前3 d和术后2个月用心脏彩超检测两组左心室功能指标.结果两组均无术后死亡,对照组1例术后6 h出现急性心包填塞,二次开胸清除积血,术后18 d痊愈出院;两组均随访1～3 a,无晚期死亡;观察组和对照组带机时间分别为(16.5±6.8)、(26.4±9.5)h,P＜0.05;观察组术后左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末容积(LVSDV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)均优于对照组.认为保留部分二尖瓣结构的二尖瓣瓣膜置换术更有利于改善风湿性心脏病患者术后左心室功能.     

13例室壁瘤切除左心室成形术的临床疗效观察

目的:评估冠心病合并室壁瘤左心室成形术的临床效果。方法:完成对13例室壁瘤(男性11例,女性2例)的手术。结果:全组无1例死亡。本组手术前的室壁瘤大小(45.61±10.70)mm,占左心室容积>50%为12例(92.31%,12/13);手术后呼吸机使用时间1~2d(其中1例超过2d),心电监护时间2~3d(其中5例超过3d),主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)3例(23.08%,3/13);本组患者术前(37.31±11.73)与术后(52.31±10.46)的左心室射血分数(P<0.01),以及术前(64.28±7.50)mm与术后(57.45±5.11)mm的左心室大小(P<0.05)比较差异均有显著性。随访10例患者,平均(24±4)个月,除2例出现心力衰竭和胸闷气短症状外,其余均正常生活。结论:冠心病合并室壁瘤的左心室成形手术是安全可靠的,特别是对于大型室壁瘤,该手术能更好保持适当的左心室容积和几何形态,恢复改善左心室功能。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在左心室功能低下患者中的应用

目的:分析左心室功能低下(EF<40%)冠心病患者,接受非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术(OPCAB)的疗效,改进左心室功能低下冠心病患者的治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析2006年以来我院手术组对37例左心室功能低下的冠心病患者,行OPCAB后手术前后疗效的对比。结果:2例患者死亡,1例死于术后肺部感染,1例死于术后低心排出量综合征(低心排),病死率5%。21例患者使用主动脉内球囊反搏器(IABP),其中7例在术前放置,14例在术中或术后放置。35例患者术后左心室射血分数(EF值)较术前有明显改善(P<0.05);左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末径均较术前下降(P<0.05)。结论:对于左心室功能低下的冠心病患者,OPCAB是一种有效的治疗方法。及时使用主动脉球囊反搏,以及合理应用正性肌力药物对于降低患者病死率,减少患者住院时间具有重要意义。     

初期开展心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭的效果及技术难点

目的总结分析初期开展心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)慢性心力衰竭(简称心衰)的效果及技术问题。方法对20例植入CRT/CRTD的患者观察术前、术后6个月的心功能指标,描述左室电极的植入过程,随访患者预后。结果术后6个月有关心功能指标均明显改善(P均<0.01),随访32.9±21.9个月,死亡4例,其中1例猝死,3例非心脏原因死亡。左室导线进入冠状窦失败改为右室双位点起搏2例(2/20,10%),左室导线难以固定于靶静脉改为经心中静脉与靶静脉吻合支1例(1/20,5%),冠状静脉阶段性狭窄1例(1/20,5%),术后导线脱位3例(3/20,15%)均成功复位。术前冠状动脉造影/冠状静脉显影9例(9/20,45%),术中测试左室电极刺激膈肌跳动经调整电极位置均可避免。结论 CRT治疗心衰有效;术前冠状动脉/冠状静脉造影对指导和易化左室导线植入有益。右室双位点起搏改善心衰不明显,适当调整电极可避免膈肌刺激。     

143例室壁瘤造影结果分析

目的探讨室壁瘤的冠状动脉造影特点及其与冠状动脉病变关系以及室壁瘤对左心室射血功能的影响。方法 自1990年1月～2000年8月共为2996例患者应用常规方法进行冠状动脉造影及左心室造影,并对结果进行分析。结果 共发现室壁瘤143例,其中,功能性室壁瘤115例,解剖性室壁瘤28例。累及左心室壁1段的平均左心室射血分数(LVEF)为50.9±13.4％,累及左心室2段的平均LVEF为44.3±9.6％,累及左心室3段的平均LVEF为37.2±7.9％,累及左心室4段的平均LVEF为21.7±11.7％。冠状动脉造影结果显示共330支血管受累,其中中～重度狭窄占78.8％。结论室壁瘤的产生与冠状动脉病变程度明显相关。室壁瘤以功能性为多,大多累及心尖部,累及心室节段愈多,左心室射血功能障碍愈明显。     

大左室心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗

目的:以回顾性研究总结大左室心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗经验。方法:84例大左室心脏瓣膜病患者行外科手术治疗,二尖瓣置换术55例,主动脉瓣置换术7例,二尖瓣置换+主动脉瓣置换术22例。术前充分准备,术中采用低温冷血停搏液灌注,加强心肌保护,注意保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构,术后积极防治并发症。结果:本组术后早期发生并发症(低心排,肺部感染,肝肾功能不全等)22例,治愈出院62例。结论:大左室心脏瓣膜病患者行外科手术治疗风险大,术后并发症多;全面综合的外科治疗是大左室心脏瓣膜病患者顺利康复的关键。     

121例心肌梗塞左心室乳头肌的病理分析

本文对１２８例冠心病左心室乳头肌的病变，结合临床进行了分析和讨论。其中左心室乳头肌查见不同程度的心肌梗塞１２１例（９４．５％）、冠状动脉多支粥样硬化Ⅳ级狭窄９８例（７６．５％）；９８例中乳头肌查见单一急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）２１例（２１．４％）、ＡＭＩ＋陈旧性心肌梗塞（ＯＭＩ）６４例（６５．３％）、单一ＯＭＩ１３例（１３．３％）。这显示冠状动脉粥样硬化多支Ⅳ级狭窄中乳头肌绝大多数有陈旧性合并ＡＭＩ。冠状动脉主干在粥样硬化狭窄的基础上并发血栓形成常导致乳头肌ＡＭＩ。本组２３例心脏破裂患者中有２０例在乳头肌查见有急性贯通性心肌梗塞。２５例左心室室壁瘤中左心室乳头肌查见ＯＭＩ＋ＡＭＩ１６例（６４％）占大多数。本文对左心室乳头肌病变与二尖瓣功能损伤的关系也进行了讨论。     

Surgery of heart insufficiency

Apart from heart transplantation for heart failure, the problem arises of which surgical approach should be adopted to treat this disorder. Ischemic heart disease can be surgically managed in three ways: via bypass, the Dor procedure, or by isolated or associated mitral plasty; however, cases of enlarged heart disease can only be surgically treated in two ways: i.e., by mitral plasty, or by the Batista procedure. In cases of ischemic heart disease, the following conditions must be present for coronary bypass: the patients should have an adequate contractile myocardial reserve, that is to say the left ventricle should not be greatly enlarged (< 80 mm in telediastole) or a cardiac output reserve, and there should not be any sign of over-high pulmonary hypertension (an index of > 1.6 or a pulmonary pressure of < 45); an assessment of myocardial viability should then be carried out, mainly based on a thallium fixation at rest and on echographically determined doubtamine-associated stress. In the present study, the mortality rate in a series of 260 patients was 6.3% for subjects aged under 70 years old, with an actuarial survival rate of 82% at one year post-surgery, and of 70% at five years. The Dor procedure can be used in the treatment of dyskinesia, which is now practically non-existent, but also in cases of acute akinesia with resulting left ventricular dysfunction. The aim of this technique is to alter the form of a cavity that has become ovoid to an elliptical form via the insertion of a circular endoventricular patch. The results reported for this technique show an improvement in functional class and ejection fraction. Finally, the technique for repairing mitral failure is more complicated than the two previous methods, as it requires a dynamic assessment of mitral failure, which is best carried out by an evaluation of echographically determined stress. Any mitral failure of ischemic origin of > grade 2 can be corrected during bypass surgery by ring insertion, thereby effecting a simple annuloplasty. On the other hand, the assessment of cases of enlarged heart disease is more complicated, and it is more difficult to carry out palliative surgery. The mitral plasty procedure proposed by Bolling is the technique of choice for patients with severe mitral failure, in general when the ventricle is not too enlarged. However, surgery involving the reduction in size of the left ventricle (the Batista procedure) always includes mitral plasty, and may be performed in patients with a very enlarged ventricle (> 70 mm), in general with moderate mitral failure. These two techniques have been critically assessed both as regards results and when they should be adopted, and their limitations have also been discussed. In conclusion, there are valid surgical alternatives to heart transplantation in cases of heart failure that does not respond to medical treatment, and they should probably be seriously considered before any decision is made to perform heart transplantation. These results appear encouraging, particularly in terms of functional class and left ventricular function, but there are conflicting results for hemodynamic improvement. As regards survival, it is not yet possible to propose prospective randomized trials to compare medical treatment with these surgical techniques. However, further development of these techniques is bound to occur, and an ever-widening gap will exist between the limited number of cases requiring transplantation and the more complex surgical approaches adopted in future, such as permanent circulatory backup or xenografts.     

Clinical surgical experience of congenital submitral left ventricular aneurysm

Submitral left ventricular aneurysm is a rare cardiac pathology, occurring almost exclusively in black African patients. Two cases treated in our institute are reported in the present report. One is a 10-year-old boy with submitral aneurysm and mitral regurgitation, who underwent mitral valve repair and exclusion of the aneurysm with a left atrial approach. He underwent a second operation due to mitral regurgitation caused by retraction of the mitral apparatus by the patch scarring. The other case is a 39-year-old male patient who presented with ventricular tachycardia. The aneurysm was excluded by a Dacron patch from outside the left ventricle in addition to cryoablation on the endocardium of the aneurysm. Both patients recovered well after the operation. The present report presents two cases of this rare disease with different surgical approaches.     

Cardiac rhabdomyoma. Rare cause of fetal death

Two cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis and fetal death associated with cardiac rhabdomyoma are reported. Case 1 presented with fetal supraventricular tachycardia, and cardiac rhabdomyoma was accurately diagnosed by fetal echocardiography. Autopsy revealed multiple rhabdomyomata involving the right atrial free wall, the sinoatrial node, and the left ventricle. The left circumflex coronary artery was extrinsically compressed by adjacent tumor tissue, causing left ventricular myocardial infarction. Case 2 had a unique, pedunculated, ball-like rhabdomyoma that almost totally occluded the mitral orifice. The causes of fetal death in patients with cardiac rhabdomyoma are analyzed and the possibility of fetal surgical management is proposed.     

Congenital left ventricular aneurysm: clinical, imaging, pathologic, and surgical findings in seven new cases

BACKGROUND: Congenital left ventricular aneurysm is a poorly understood and potentially lethal entity.Methods and Results In a clinicopathologic study of 7 new cases, the major presenting features in 6 patients were congestive heart failure in 4, ventricular arrhythmias in a 32-week fetus, and multiple congenital anomalies in a fetus with trisomy 13. Accurate diagnosis was achieved in all 3 living patients by echocardiography, angiocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The aneurysm was predominantly apical in 3 and involved most of the left ventricular free wall in 4. Of the 3 living patients, medical management alone sufficed in 2. The third, a newborn boy, underwent a new and successful aneurysm-exclusion left ventriculoplasty. The mitral valve was abnormal in all 4 autopsied cases, the papillary muscles being short, thin, or absent. The aneurysm was thinner and its area was larger than that of the nonaneurysmal left ventricle in all necropsied patients. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital left ventricular aneurysm appears to be a developmental anomaly, an idiopathic dysplasia of left ventricular endocardium and myocardium. No evidence of a viral etiology was found. Some neonates can be managed medically, but others require urgent surgical intervention. A new surgical operation is presented, a functional left ventricular aneurysmectomy that minimizes intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and that preserves the coronary arteries.     

大左室、低射血分值心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗

目的 :总结大左室、低射血分值心脏瓣膜病的外科治疗经验。方法 :72例大左室、低射血分值的心脏瓣膜患者行外科手术治疗 ,术前注意改善心肺功能 ,术中采用温血停搏液灌注 ,保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构 ,术后强心利尿扩血管治疗 ,积极防治术后并发症。结果 :本组术后早期发生心、肺、肝、肾等重要器官并发症 17例 ,围术期及术后早期住院期间死亡 7例 ,治愈出院 65例。结论 :大左室、低射血分值的心脏瓣膜患者行外科手术治疗危险性大 ,术后并发症多 ;选择合适手术时机 ,加强肺功能锻炼和围术期处理是提高大左室、低射血分值患者瓣膜置换术疗效的重要措施