掺铝β-磷酸三钙及掺锶β-磷酸三钙植入兔骨缺损区形态及组织学观察

目的：探索磷酸钙陶瓷的化学成份、结晶相、结构形态等材料学因素与降解的关系。方法：掺杂磷酸钙陶瓷（β－TCPA、β-TCPs)植入兔颌骨人工缺损区后观察X线片，横截面面积测量、光镜、电镜及能谱分析的变化。结果：24周时β－TCPA吸收率为22％，β－TCPs为28％和β－TCP为40％。4周时在下颌骨和种植体之间有新骨形成，在12－24周时新骨形成更明显，未发现炎症反应，界面的Ca、P和S的相对含量随时间而变化。结论：β－TPCA和β－TCPs在组织中的降解速度较β－TCP慢，但其具有良好的生物相容性，对骨缺损的修复有较大的临床应用潜力。     

磨牙区即刻种植与延期种植的临床观察

目的:比较磨牙区即刻种植和延迟种植两种方式种植义齿的成功率。方法:198例磨牙区行种植修复的病例中,在控制适应证和患者同意的情况下,即刻种植共植入种植体67枚,延迟种植共植入种植体131枚。种植术后随访2年,观察种植体的稳定性,对两种不同种植方式的种植体的成功率进行比较。结果:67枚行即刻种植的种植体中,有4枚出现松动,成功率为94.0%;131枚行延迟种植的种植体中,有6枚出现松动,成功率为95.4%。两组种植方式成功率的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在严格控制适应证的情况下,即刻种植也可获得较高成功率。     

即刻种植与即刻修复的临床应用

目的 探讨即刻种植与即刻修复的临床运用原则，并初步评价临床疗效。方法 14例患者共37个牙位在拔牙同时植入了种植体，其中6例共14个牙位即刻种植后又行即刻修复。平均4个月后进行Ⅱ期手术和最终修复。修复后平均追踪观察时间为22个月。结果 除1例2枚种植体于即刻种植并即刻修复后3周松脱外，其余病例自修复完成至最后一次复查，临床效果良好，4年累积存活率达到94．6％。结论在适当选择病例的情况下，即刻种植与即刻修复可成功应用于临床，并获得较高的存活率。     

即刻种植即刻修复的临床疗效观察

目的：观察前牙区拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复的临床效果。方法：对4例前牙种植病例，在拔牙后即刻植入6枚Friait-2或Xive种植体，同时接入Pro—Tect基台行复合树脂临时冠／桥修复，根据骨质情况，3—6个月后，行永久性修复。结果：追踪12～27个月，全部种植体成功。结论：严格掌握好适应证，拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复，临床效果良好。     

全牙弓即刻种植即刻修复的临床疗效观察

目的:初步评价全牙弓即刻种植即刻修复的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月拔牙后全牙弓即刻种植即刻修复患者17例(上颌4例,下颌7例,全口6例)的临床疗效,平均随访时间24个月(12～36个月).结果:所有患者均顺利完成整个治疗程序,17例患者共计植入128颗种植体,观察期内无一例发生种植体骨结合失败,2例在术后发生种植体周围黏膜炎,4例临时修复体发生机械并发症,3例永久修复体发生机械并发症,均为冠崩瓷/崩塑;所有患者对咀嚼和美观效果满意.结论:在严格把握适应证、保证种植体植入扭矩的条件下,全牙弓即刻种植即刻修复可以取得理想的临床效果.     

即刻负重种植修复的临床观察

目的:观察即刻负重种植修复的临床效果,并对其临床应用问题进行探讨。方法:24例患者共计105个种植体,即刻负重修复缺牙,观察时间12-24个月。结果:1例患者2个种植体修复1个月时脱落;1例患者1个种植体在3个月时脱落;1例患者1个种植体在3个月时因松动而拔出,其余101个种植修复体临床效果良好,成功率达96.19%。结论:选择适当的病例,即刻负重种植修复可应用于临床,近期效果满意。     

即刻种植与即刻修复的研究进展

口腔即刻种植与即刻修复已成为口腔种植学界近年来研究的热点,并在诸多学者的共同努力下得到了迅速的发展、推广和创新,本文通过参考相关文献,结合诸多学者的研究成果,从骨缺损的处理、严格的微创拔牙术、即刻修复的条件等方面对即刻种植与即刻修复的研究进展进行综述.     

单颌拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复

目的:评价单颌拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复的临床效果和特点,探讨适合国人解剖条件的单颌拔牙即刻种植即刻修复技术。方法:2008年6月至2012年3月接受全颌拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复的患者46人(男28人,女18人),年龄37-75岁(平均55.4岁)共植入种植体254颗,种植体植入当天完成种植体支持的无牙颌即刻固定修复,共计56件螺丝固位的种植即刻固定义齿。即刻修复后观察种植体的存留率、种植体边缘骨吸收情况、修复体功能状况、义齿清洁度、患者满意度调查。追踪时间9-54个月,平均36.6个月。结果:254个种植体中的13个种植体脱落。其余241个种植体至最后一次复查稳定,种植体存留率:94.8%(241/254)。即刻修复义齿的存留率94.6%(53/56),边缘骨吸收程度:平均0.7mm(±0.3mm)。患者满意率100%。讨论:单颌拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复患者满意度高;本研究中上颌前部54%的种植体使用了角度基台,上前牙区采用角度基台可避免种植时骨增量;单颌拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复宜拔牙翻瓣直视下修整牙槽嵴后植入种植体。上颌拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复难度较下颌大。结论:单颌拔牙后即刻种植即刻修复的近期临床效果肯定,患者满意度高,远期效果需要进一步观察研究。     

即刻种植即刻修复的动物实验研究

目的行即刻种植即刻修复,测量种植体的初期稳定性,观察骨愈合、骨改建期间稳定性的变化,进行组织学和组织形态学分析。方法选择杂种狗5只,拔除下颌前磨牙,即刻将五种不同长度和直径(4.1mm×8.5mm、10mm、11.5mm、13mm及4.8mm×8.5mm)的种植体植入拔牙窝,即刻修复牙冠,分别于术后1、2、4、8及12周处死。种植后及处死前分别用Periotest和共振频率分析测量种植体的稳定性,取标本行组织形态学分析。结果在即刻种植后,ISQ的平均值为66.47±3.85,PTV的平均值为-3.95±1.45。术后第一周ISQ呈下降趋势,而PTV呈上升趋势;第二到十二周ISQ和PTV分别呈上升及下降趋势。骨—种植体接触率和种植体周围骨面积呈类似变化。结论即刻种植时,选择一个和牙槽窝直径相近的种植体比单纯增加种植体的长度更为重要;具有良好的初期稳定性,即刻种植即刻修复不影响种植体的骨整合;即刻种植即刻修复术后1周内,种植体的稳定度会降低,2周后随着种植体骨界面上骨生成及骨改建,种植体的稳定度逐渐升高。     

ITI常规种植体即刻种植的临床观察

目的:评价常规ITI种植体应用于即刻种植修复的临床特点及近期疗效.方法:36例患者共75颗种植体,外伤牙、残根微创拔出即刻植入常规种植体,种植体周骨缺损植入B io-Oss骨粉,植入6个月后行上端修复.修复后追踪时间平均12个月.结果:75颗种植体至最后一次复诊完全成功,无失败,临床效果良好.结论:常规ITI种植体能够进行即刻种植修复,具有避免残留骨吸收,减少手术创伤,种植体位置理想,修复美学效果好.近期效果良好,长期效果有待追踪.     

多孔磷酸三钙的细胞毒性研究

目的 体外研究多孔磷酸三钙的细胞毒性。方法 选用建系的L929成纤维细胞和原代培养的人类成骨细胞进行实验；采用MTT测试法研究多孔磷酸三钙对细胞增殖的影响。结果 不同浓度的材料浸提液与成骨细胞作用后的细胞增殖率均高于100％，有良好的细胞相容性。结论 多孔磷酸三钙无细胞毒性作用。     

壳聚糖-磷酸三钙复合材料的生物相容性研究

目的探讨人牙槽骨细胞与壳聚糖-磷酸三钙复合材料的生物相容性。方法采用冷冻干燥法制备壳聚糖-磷酸三钙复合材料,组织块法培养人牙槽骨细胞,传代扩增后接种到材料上,体外继续培养,扫描电镜观察。结果体外培养的人牙槽骨细胞呈成纤维细胞样细胞,体外生长良好;扫描电镜下可见壳聚糖-磷酸三钙复合材料具有良好的多孔网状结构,人牙槽骨细胞伸出多个伪足样突起,紧密贴附在材料表面,细胞沿材料的孔隙边缘生长并连接成片。结论壳聚糖-磷酸三钙复合材料具有良好的生物相容性。     

人牙周韧带成纤维细胞与壳聚糖-磷酸三钙复合材料相容性的扫描电镜观察

目的：探讨人牙韧带成纤维细胞与壳聚糖—磷酸三钙复合材料的生物和容性。方法：采用冷冻干燥法制备壳聚糖-磷酸三钙复合材料，组织块法培养人牙周韧带细胞，传代扩增后接种到材料上，体外继续培养，扫描电镜观察。结果：扫描电镜下可见材料具有良好的多孔网状结构，人牙周韧带细胞伸出多个伪足样突起，紧密贴附在材料表面，细胞沿材料的孔隙边缘生长并连接成片。结论：人牙周韧带成纤维细胞与壳聚糖-磷酸三钙复合材料具有良好的生物相容性。     

Maxillary sinus augmentation with microstructured tricalcium phosphate ceramic in sheep

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological performance of osteoinductive microstructured tricalcium phosphate (MSTCP) particles in maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery in sheep. Material and methods: Sinus floor augmentation was performed in eight Swifter sheep. In each animal, the maxillary sinus floor was unilaterally augmented with MSTCP particles. Computed tomography (CT) imaging and histological analyses were performed after 12 weeks of implantation. Results: Maxillofacial CT, histology, histomorphometrical analysis and sequential polychrome fluorescent labeling indicated that MSTCP particles provided a scaffold for cell ingrowth and bone formation. After a 12‐week implantation period, the sinuses grafted with MSTCP showed an increased bone height of 6 mm and a mean total bone volume of 43%, with significant degradation of MSTCP particles. Conclusion: MSTCP particles represent a suitable bone substitute material for maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgery. To cite this article:
Klijn RJ, Hoekstra JWM, Van Den Beucken JJJP, Meijer GJ, Jansen JA. Maxillary sinus augmentation with microstructured tricalcium phosphate ceramic in sheep.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23 , 2012; 274–280.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02190.x     

磷酸三钙陶瓷修复兔下颌骨缺损的实验研究

目的 将磷酸三钙生物陶瓷用于骨缺损,观察其对骨缺损修复的作用。方法 制备了兔下颌骨人工骨缺损,填入ＴＰＣ颗粒,分不同时期肉眼和组织学观察和评价。结果 肉眼观局部无明显炎症反应,第４周材料与正常骨组织结合紧密。组织学结果表明,第２周开始材料间有纤维结缔组织生长,骨化形成,且随时间延长,骨化增加。结论 ＴＰＣ可作为骨缺损修复材料促进缺损骨新生修复。     

Comparison of bone reactions to coated tricalcium phosphate and pure titanium dental implants in the canine iliac crest

Abstract — Titanium and TCP-coated implants were compared after insertion in the canine iliac crest. Observation time was 14 wk. Evaluation included pull-out tests, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and histologic examination of in situ , undemineralized implants. The TCP-coated implants were more firmly attached to bone than were the titanium implants. The calcium/ phosphorus ratios around the titanium implants were higher than around the TCP-coated implants. Both types of implants were closely surrounded by bone after a 14-wk implantation.     

Periradicular healing in response to Diaket root-end filling material with and without tricalcium phosphate

The healing of the periradicular tissues was evaluated when the polyvinyl resin Diaket with and without tricalcium phosphate was used as surgical root-end filling material. Non-surgical root canal treatment was performed on 56 mandibular premolar roots in mongrel dogs. Following root-end resection, root-end cavity preparations were filled with Diaket, the comparative material, or Diaket in combination with tricalcium phosphate, the experimental material. Postsurgically, healing of the tissues adjacent to the filling materials and in the surrounding surgical site were evaluated at 30 and 60 days. There was virtually no statistically significant difference between the experimental and comparative group at or within the 30- or 60-day period with regard to inflammation, connective tissue formation, root-end encapsulation, cementum formation, or bone apposition. Findings suggest that cementogenesis occurred over both materials. The overall healing of the periradicular tissues was favourable.     

Tricalcium phosphate ceramic as immediate root implants for the maintenance of alveolar bone in partially edentulous mandibular jaws. A clinical study

This study was undertaken to probe the efficacy of tricalcium phosphate ceramic (TCP) as an immediate root implant in the maintenance of alveolar bone. Three patients had five TCP root implants placed in fresh extraction sockets with soft tissue closure. The control and implant areas were evaluated at the 20th and 78th week on the basis of radiographic and clinical measurements. Tricalcium phosphate ceramic root implants in extraction sockets produced a significant increase in height and width of alveolar bone compared with control sites. It is believed that this method is a more effective and efficient procedure to preserve alveolar bone for the retention of dentures than other methods.     

Histology of human alveolar bone regeneration with a porous tricalcium phosphate. A report of two cases

Porous beta-phase tricalcium phosphate particles (pTCP) (Cerasorb) were used in two patients to restore or augment alveolar bone prior to the placement of dental implants. In one patient, pTCP was used to fill a large alveolar defect in the posterior mandible after the removal of a residual cyst, and in another patient to augment the sinus floor. Biopsies were taken at the time of implant placement, 9.5 and 8 months after grafting, respectively, and processed for hard tissue histology. Goldner-stained histological sections showed considerable replacement of the bone substitute by bone and bone marrow. In the 9.5 months biopsy of the mandible, 34% of the biopsy consisted of mineralised bone tissue and 29% of remaining pTCP, while the biopsy at 8 months after sinus floor augmentation consisted of 20% mineralised bone and 44% remaining pTCP. Bone and osteoid were lying in close contact with the remaining pTCP and were also seen within the micropores of the grafted particles. Tartrate resistant-acid phosphatase (TRAP) multinuclear cells, presumably osteoclasts, were found surrounding, within and in close contact with the pTCP particles, suggesting active resorption of the bone substitute. Remodelling of immature woven bone into mature lamellar bone was also found. No histological signs of inflammation were detected. The limited data presented from these two cases suggest that this graft material, possibly by virtue of its porosity and chemical nature, may be a suitable bone substitute that can biodegrade and be replaced by new mineralising bone tissue.