人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎的护理

重型肝炎病情重、发展快、并发症多且病死率高，主要表现为高胆红素血症、肝性脑病、出血、肝肾综合征等。人工肝支持系统（ALSS）是临床治疗重型肝炎的一种新的有效的手段，起到支持作用，有利于肝细胞的再生和肝功能的恢复，为进一步的临床治疗赢得宝贵时间．进而提高重型肝炎的抢救成功率。新技术的开展，给护理工作开辟了新天地，科学有效的护理措施，对ALSS的顺利实施有重要意义，现将护理体会介绍如下。     

应用组合型生物人工肝抢救1例暴发性肝衰竭患者的护理

人工肝支持系统（ALSS）治疗重型肝炎在临床上已取得了显著疗效,用于早、中、晚期重型肝炎的治愈好转率分别为90.9％、71.0％和20.5％,说明ALSS治疗早、中期重型肝炎疗效较好。[1]重型肝炎患者由于病情危重,护理上有很大难度,因此,多方面的护理支持显得格外重要。组合型生物人工肝（HBL）是目前国内外新型的人工肝支持手段,它是将培养肝细胞置于生物反应器中,使患者血液或血浆在循环辅助     

人工肝支持系统治疗慢性重型肝炎69例疗效分析

[目的]评估人工肝支持系统(ALSS)对慢性重型肝炎的治疗作用.[方法]回顾性分析本院住院的69例慢性重型肝炎患者应用ALSS治疗的临床疗效.[结果]治疗组总有效率71.01%,对照组总有效率44.44%,两组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05).[结论]ALSS治疗慢性重型肝炎安全、有效.     

人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎的护理

重型肝炎病情重、发展快、并发症多且病死率高,主要表现为高胆红素血症、肝性脑病、出血[1]、肝肾综合征等.人工肝支持系统(ALSS)是临床治疗重型肝炎的一种新的有效的手段,起到支持作用,有利于肝细胞的再生和肝功能的恢复,为进一步的临床治疗赢得宝贵时间[2],进而提高重型肝炎的抢救成功率.新技术的开展,给护理工作开辟了新天地,科学有效的护理措施,对ALSS的顺利实施有重要意义,现将护理体会介绍如下.     

人工肝支持系统在治疗重型肝炎中的临床应用

目的探索人工肝支持系统(ALSS)治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效和机制.方法对71例重型肝炎患者在综合疗法的基础上给予ALSS治疗,观察治疗前后临床表现,监测治疗前后肝功能、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内毒素及一氧化氮(NO)水平.并比较重型肝炎不同类型及时期应用ALSS的治疗效果.结果重型肝炎患者在ALSS治疗后,肝功能明显改善,白蛋白、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)较治疗前明显提高,TNF-α、内毒素及NO水平明显下降.急性、慢性重型肝炎应用ALSS治疗治愈好转率分别为61.5%、25.6%,慢性重型肝炎早、中、晚期治疗治愈好转率分别为72%、42%、0%.结论ALSS治疗重型肝炎疗效可靠,急性重型肝炎的治疗效果较好,慢性重型肝炎在早、中期治疗最为适宜,并能降低TNF-α、内毒素及NO等病理成分,从而减轻重型肝炎时免疫反应对肝细胞的损伤,能明显提高其生存率.ALSS后生化监测和临床表现能提示预后.     

人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎应用探讨

目的：应用人工肝支持系统（ALSS）治疗重型肝炎，评价其疗效并探讨其机制。方法：对62例重型肝炎患者在综合内科治疗的基础上给予ALSS治疗，分别检测治疗前后的肝功能、血氨、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF－α）、白细胞介素10（IL－10）。结果：经ALSS治疗后，重型肝炎患者肝功能生化指标明显改善，血氨、TNF－α下降明显，而IL－10呈上升趋势；急性、亚急性重型肝炎治愈好转率为63．6％，慢性重肝治愈好转率为43．1％，而对照组分别为30．0％、22．4％，两组疗效比较差异有显著意义（P＜0．01）。结论：ALSS治疗重型肝炎能有效清除血清总胆红素、血氨、TNF－α等体内病理成分，提高患者存活率。     

人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎临床观察

目的　探索人工肝支持系统 (ALSS)治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效和机制。方法　对 6 3例重型肝炎患者应用ALSS治疗 ,并检测治疗前、后肝肾功能 ,内毒素含量等 ,比较重型肝炎不同类型及时期应用ALSS的治疗效果。结果　ALSS治疗后 ,重型肝炎患者肝肾功能明显改善 ,血内毒素由治疗前 (6 0 .2 7± 10 .5 4)ng/L降至治疗后 (2 8.33± 6 .5 7)ng/L(P <0 .0 0 1) ,但 3d后又升至 (44 .18± 8.2 2 )ng/L。急性亚急性重型肝炎应用ALSS治疗治愈好转率分别为 10 0 %、6 2 .5 %,慢性重型肝炎早、中、晚期治疗治愈好转率分别为 90 .91%、72 .2 2 %、39.13%。结论　ALSS治疗重型肝炎疗效可靠 ,急性亚急性重型肝炎的治疗效果较好 ,慢性重型肝炎在早、中期治疗最为适宜。     

人工肝治疗过程中的护理问题及对策

人工肝支持系统(anificial liver support system．ALSS)对治疗各种重型肝炎有较好疗效。我院从2001年1月至2003年1月采用血浆置换联合血液透析的ALSS冶疗重型肝炎共94例次,在治疗过程中部分患者出现并发症。为保证患者的治疗效果,提高护理质量,我们就患者在治疗过程中出现的护理问题提出了相应的对策,效果满意。     

重型肝炎患者血清TNF—α的变化及临床意义

目的：通过观察各期重型肝炎患者血清TNF－α的水平及其在ALSS治疗前后的变化,探讨TNF－α在重型肝炎发病中的作用机制及临床意义。方法：设重型肝炎组,急性肝炎组,慢性肝炎组,肝炎后肝硬化组和正常对照组,测定每组血清TNF－α,内毒素,TGF－β1的水平,以及重型肝炎组患者血清TNF－α,内毒素,TGF－β1在ALSS治疗前后的水平。结果：重型肝炎组患者血清TNF－α（等精性因子水平明显高于急性肝炎组,慢性肝炎组,肝炎后肝硬化组和正常对照组,ALSS治疗后,重型肝炎患者血清TNF－α等炎性明显低于治疗前水平。TNF－α逐渐下降的重型肝炎患者。病情逐渐好转。结论：高水平的TNF－α在重型肝炎患者肝细胞损伤中起着重要作用。ALSS治疗可清除TNF－α对重型肝炎有明显疗效,血清TNF－α水平的变化趋势对评估重型肝炎的疗效及预后有一定意义。     

人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎的临床研究

目的　探讨人工肝支持治疗(ALSS) -血浆置换(PE)、血浆置换联合血浆吸附(PA)治疗重型肝炎的疗效、时机、可行性。方法　对4 9例重型肝炎中6例采用HA灌流器进行血浆吸附;余4 3例随机分为血浆置换组2 2例和血浆置换联合血浆吸附组2 1例,均在综合治疗的基础上给予相应的ALSS治疗,并及时观察治疗前后的症状体征、有关实验室检查。结果　3组重型肝炎患者经ALSS治疗后症状体征均明显好转,TBil、EhT、PTA、NH3 改善明显(P <0 .0 1)。治愈好转率:血浆置换组6 3.6 4 % ;血浆置换联合血浆吸附组76 .19% ,比较差异有显著意义(P <0 .0 5 )。血浆吸附无不良反应,血浆置换不良反应发生率2 9.13%(37/ 12 7)。结论　ALSS治疗重型肝炎能明显改善症状体征,显著改善肝功能,明显提高治愈好转率,尤其早期患者疗效显著好于晚期患者,对于重型肝炎是安全有效的。     

人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎130例报道

目的探讨人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎的疗效,治疗时机及不良反应的发生率。方法252例重型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组130例,对照组122例。两组在综合护肝治疗的基础上,治疗组同时给予人工肝支持系统(ALSS)治疗,观察不同病期的治疗效果及不良反应。结果治疗组重型肝炎早、中、晚期有效率分别为97.87%、82.00%、30.30%,总有效率72.30%;对照组分别为69.64%、53.66%、12.00%,总有效率52.46%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.001)。治疗组人工肝支持系统治疗670例次,发生不良反应62例次,不良反应发生率9.25%。结论人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎安全有效,尤以早、中期效果最好。     

人工肝支持系统治疗慢性重型病毒性肝炎的临床评价

目的：探讨人工肝支持系统（ALSS）治疗慢性重型病毒性肝炎的临床价值。方法：应用ALSS治疗55例（162次）慢性重型肝炎患者,并同时选择常规治疗56例患者作为对照组,每次ALSS治疗前后检测生化和免疫指标。结果：每次ALSS治疗后患者肝功能显著改善,球蛋白降至正常参考值范围;血内毒素含量下降;但肿瘤坏死因子、白介素－2、白介素－2受体,电解质等每次治疗前后无明显;ALSS治疗的并发症主要为皮疹、低血压等,但大多数患者耐受;临床治愈好转率61．8％,明显高于对照组17．9％（P＜0．01）。结论：ALSS是辅助治疗重毒性肝炎的有效方法。     

人工肝支持系统治疗慢性重型肝炎有关并发症的防治研究

目的探讨人工肝支持系统(ALSS)治疗慢性重型肝炎时并发症的发生及其防治措施.方法分析人工肝支持系统对159例慢性重型肝炎310次治疗中出现的78次并发症资料,探讨各种并发症的发生及影响因素.结果并发症发生率25.2%(78/310),其中血浆过敏反应最多见,占18.1%(56/310),跨膜压增高次之,占4.5%(14/310),最严重的并发症是低血压0.97%(3/310).结论 ALSS对慢性重型肝炎的治疗是较为安全有效的,积极防治并发症是提高治疗成功率的关键措施之一.     

A supportive nursing care clinic: conceptions of patients with head and neck cancer.

Patients with head and neck cancer have complex long-lasting physical and psychosocial needs due to illness and treatment, and studies have shown deficiencies concerning support in these respects. The purpose of this study was to describe how head and neck cancer patients with eating problems conceived the significance of a supportive nursing care clinic before, during and after completion of radiotherapy. Thematic interviews were carried out in an open dialogue with 12 patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. The phenomenologischer method was used in the analyses. The findings showed that the nurse clinic could meet head and neck cancer patients' needs of safety and security, which was especially important before and after completion of treatment when no other regular contacts in the health care system existed. The significance of the nurse clinic varied depending on where in the trajectory the patients were, what needs and problems they experienced, and how severe these were experienced by the individual patient. The supportive nursing care clinic could meet these patients' needs of knowledge, care and support both concerning practical measures related to the disease and its treatment, and emotional needs. This way of organising the care can contribute to these patients' health and wellbeing.     

人工肝支持联合肝移植治疗重型肝炎的临床探讨

目的观察人工肝支持系统联合肝移植治疗重型肝炎的应用价值.方法采用血浆置换和持续性血液透析滤过两种人工肝支持疗法,对本例肝移植的晚期重型肝炎患者进行人工肝过渡支持,3天后成功等到供体肝移值.结果本例经人工肝支持治疗,肝衰竭得到较好控制,最后肝移植取得成功.结论人工肝支持系统对等待肝移植的重型肝炎患者有一定的过渡支持作用,肝移植是彻底纠正肝衰竭的最可靠手段.     

Supportive nursing care around breast cancer surgery: an evaluation of the 1997 status in The Netherlands

This study aimed to assess nurses' involvement in the supportive care of patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer in Dutch hospitals. A questionnaire used to evaluate various aspects of nursing care for breast cancer patients was sent to the surgical nursing teams in all 120 Dutch hospitals that provide surgical treatment for these patients. Nursing care was defined to be optimal if it met the following criteria: (a) Specialized nursing support is provided to all patients during admission and in the outpatient departments both before and after surgery. (b) A protocol is in place outlining standard nursing procedures for breast cancer patients. (c) Formal communication about each breast cancer patient exists between the nurses involved. On the basis of this definition, it was found that optimal nursing care was provided in only 6% of the hospitals. Nursing care fell short mainly in the outpatient setting. This shortcoming also was recognized by most respondents, and many were already planning improvements. Nurses had varying opinions about their responsibility to provide the patient with information about the disease and its treatment, and consensus was lacking. In summary, nursing care for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in Dutch hospitals needs improvement, especially in the outpatient setting.     

Breast cancer patients’ experiences of nursing care with the focus on emotional support: the implementation of a nursing intervention

Nursing care with the focus on emotional support, aimed at improving breast cancer patients’ adjustment to everyday life, was implemented. The women were offered the opportunity to talk about illness-related thoughts and reactions, as well as to express feelings of anxiety, fear and anguish with a nurse who listened, consoled and answered questions. The organizational changes included extensive co-operation between the surgical ward and primary health care, shorter waiting times, and changed routines around information about the diagnosis. A total of 26 Swedish women, aged 35-69, with newly diagnosed breast cancer, described their experiences of the disease and nursing care in a semi-structured interview 6 months after the primary treatment. Data were coded by open coding; themes and categories were formulated. Findings showed that emotional support, as well as organizational changes of care, led to feelings of safety and security. Most of the women could plan for the future despite a demanding situation. The study indicates that the nursing intervention may improve women's sense of control, and also that further changes in care are needed to meet their psychosocial needs, such as adequate information about medical treatment and more ‘confirming’ relationships.     

血液滤过透析联合血浆置换治疗中晚期慢性重型肝炎的临床研究

目的 探讨人工肝辅助装置持续缓慢血液透析滤过(HDF)联合血浆置换(PE)治疗中晚期慢性重型肝炎的临床疗效及作用机制。方法 本研究所有患者均为慢性重型肝炎患者,其中治疗组42例,中期18例,晚期24例;对照组33例,中期14例,晚期19例。2组病例均合并有不同程度的并发症。在相同内科治疗的基础上,治疗组加用日产KM-8800血浆交换仪并联用JUN-500血液透析滤过仪进行人工肝治疗,观察治疗的情况。结果 治疗组的42例患者中20例治愈或好转,另有6例经治疗后维持到接受肝移植手术,有效率61.9％;对照组33例中6例治愈或好转,另有1例接受肝移植手术,有效率21.2％明显低于治疗组P相似文献