食管腺癌单纯手术与合并术前化疗比较

[目的]比较食管腺癌单纯手术与合并术前化疗的预后。[方法]单纯手术组91例，术前DDP，5FU联合化疗组16例，术前VP16、ADM、DDP联合化疗组22例，比较3组的生存率。[结果]单纯手术组91例手术死亡率2％，2年生存率24％，4年生存率8％。术前DDP、5FU联合化疗组16例，化疗后完全缓解1例（16％），部分缓解5例（31％），无效10例（63％），12例手术切除，1例由于化疗有关死亡，1例手术死亡，2、4年生存率均为42％。术前DDP、ADM、VP16联合化疗组22例，化疗后1例完全缓解（5％），11例部分缓解（50％），10倒无效（45％），18例手术切除，无手术死亡，2年生存率58％。[结论]术前化疗能明显提高食管腺癌病人的生存率，同时治疗应个体化。     

术前放疗加手术与单纯手术治疗喉癌的临床疗效比较

目的:比较术前放疗加手术与单纯手术治疗喉癌的临床疗效。方法:选择2005年8月至2007年1月在我院治疗的喉癌患者122例为研究对象。随机进行分组,观察组(术前放疗加手术组)60例,对照组(单纯手术组)62例,比较两组患者治疗后的效果。结果:观察组Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期喉癌患者5年生存率为88.9%,与对照组比较差异不明显,P>0.05;Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期喉癌患者5年生存率为62.5%,显著高于对照组,P<0.05。结论:对于肿瘤分期为Ⅰ期及Ⅱ期的患者来说,术前放疗并不能显著提高患者的5年生存率,而Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期患者术前放疗能够显著提高生存率。     

宫颈癌患者术前同步放化疗与单纯放疗的疗效比较

目的:探讨同步放化疗与单纯放疗对Ⅰb期～Ⅱ b期宫颈癌疗效的影响.方法:回顾性分析2002年7月至2008年7月经我院收治的71例Ⅰb期-Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者的临床资料.该71例患者均在予以术前同步放化疗或单纯术前放疗后施行了广泛性子宫切除手术.结果:术前同步放化疗组34例,单纯放疗组37例.其中同步放化疗比单纯放疗组肿瘤消退明显,总有效率(CR+PR)分别为94.1%和78.4%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);同步治疗组术后病理肿瘤完全消退7例(20.6%),明显高于单纯放疗组1例(3.2%,P＜0.05).同步治疗组手术切除率为100%,单纯放疗组为83.8%.全组3年无病生存率86.9%.结论:宫颈癌患者术前同步放化疗疗效优于单纯放疗治疗.     

贲门癌术前大剂量放疗与单纯手术的比较(附60例报告)

我院胸外科在1987年3月至1989年3月随机性对Ⅲ期贲门癌30例行术前10MeVX线的直线加速器、10cm×10cm的前后两野快速、大剂量（25Gy／5次／5天）对穿照射，共和30例单纯手术的结果进行比较。组织学的有效率64％。放疗组肿瘤切除率为83．3％（25／30），单纯手术组为80％（24／30）。5年生存率放疗组30％（9／30），单纯手术组23.3％（7／30）。两组比较无显著性差异（p＞0．05）。术后并发症前者未增加。     

术前加速放疗与常规放疗治疗晚期食管癌的比较

术前放疗联合手术治疗８０例晚期食管癌。术前加速放疗４０例和术前常规放疗４０例。全纵隔照射，加速组４０Ｇｙ／２０次／２周，常规组４０Ｇｙ／２０次／４周。两组放疗后３～４周行食管癌根治术。手术切除率：加速组１００％，常规组９７．５％。术后病理，中、重度放疗反应：加速组９０％，常规组６２．５％，Ｐ＜０．０５。１、２、３年生存率：加速组９０％，７７．５％和６２．５％，常规组７７．５％，５７．５的和４０％，３年生存率两组统计学有差异，Ｐ＜０．０５。     

胃癌综合治疗过程中单纯手术与术中加化疗疗效比较

目的　为探讨术中化疗在胃癌综合治疗中的疗效 ,作者对 3 4 0例胃癌进行回顾分析。方法　全部资料均来自我院 1989年～1994年收治的胃癌病人 ,并随机分为单纯手术组 176例 ,术中化疗组 164例。术后均采用MMC +5 -Fu门诊化疗 ,观察其 5年生存率。结果　术中化疗组 5年生存率为 40 2 % ,单纯手术组为 2 1 6% ;二者差异显著 (P <0 .0 1)。行胃癌根治术的病例术中化疗组的5年生存率为 5 6 4% ,亦高于单纯根治术组 3 0 2 %。其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胃癌术中化疗 5年生存率 60 5 % ,亦明显高于单纯根治术 3 6 9%。结论　以上结果表明 :术中化疗确能提高胃癌的 5年生存率。     

毫米波对晚期癌症患者癌性症状的疗效观察

目的观察高功率密度毫米波对晚期癌症患者癌性症状的疗效。方法对８６例晚期癌症的１０９个癌性症状采用ＳＫＭ－１毫米波治疗仪治疗。患者每日治疗１次～２次,每次３０ｍｉｎ～４０ｍｉｎ。每例患者治疗１０次～５６次,平均２２．７次。结果治疗总有效率６１．５％（６７／１０９）,以局部疼痛和局部水肿疗效为好,有效率分别为７２．２％（２６／３６）和６６．７％（２０／３０）;６２．７％（４２／６７）５次以内出现疗效;２５．６％（２２／８６）的患者治疗后Ｋａｒｎｏｆｓｋｙ得分上升;带瘤患者２６．９％（７／２６）肿瘤体积缩小≥５０％。结论高功率密度毫米波是治疗晚期癌症患者癌性症状的一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

奥氮平联合醋酸甲地孕酮治疗晚期癌症性厌食症的疗效观察

目的:观察奥氮平联合醋酸甲地孕酮治疗晚期癌症性厌食症的疗效。方法:将85例癌性厌食患者随机分至治疗组（奥氮平联合醋酸甲地孕酮组+营养支持）和对照组（醋酸甲地孕酮组+营养支持）及单纯营养支持组,观察各组治疗前后食欲、体重、卡氏评分和免疫功能的变化并评价不良反应。结果:治疗结束后,治疗组食欲、卡氏评分改善率分别为82.8%、69.0%,对照组分别为65.5%、34.4%,空白组分别为40.7%、33.3%,治疗组改善率明显高于对照组和空白组（P＜0.05）;治疗组在体重、血清白蛋白、免疫功能改善程度方面均优于对照组和空白组（P＜0.05）。未见明显不良反应。结论:奥氮平联合醋酸甲地孕酮能有效改善晚期恶性肿瘤患者厌食症状,是治疗晚期恶性肿瘤患者有效辅助药物,药物不良反应小。     

根治性外放射治疗与根治性前列腺切除术治疗局限性高危前列腺癌的疗效比较

目的 比较根治性外放射治疗（ExRT）与根治性前列腺切除术（RP）治疗局限性高危前列腺癌患者的疗效。方法 回顾性分析诊断为高危前列腺癌（T2b-T4N0M0）并接受ExRT或RP的150例患者。高危前列腺癌的入选标准为PSA≥20 ng/ml或cT3以上或GS≥8。主要研究终点为无生化复发生存期,次要研究终点为无远处转移生存期、癌症特异性生存期及总生存期。结果 88例患者接受了ExRT及雄激素剥夺治疗（ADT）,其余62例患者接受了RP及盆腔淋巴结清扫术（PLND）。两组患者的中位年龄（68.9±5.2 vs. 64.3±6.5岁, P=0.012）及中位随访时间（60.2±32.3 vs. 45.8±25.5月,P=0.005）差异有统计学意义。ExRT组患者生化复发率显著低于RP组患者（23.9% vs. 58.1%, P<0.001）,而无生化复发患者生存期显著延长（96.2±7.4 vs. 38.7±4.6月, P<0.001）。两组无远处转移生存期、癌症特异性生存期及总生存期差异均无统计学意义。结论 与RP相比,接受ExRT治疗的局限性高危前列腺癌患者生化复发率低,无生化复发生存期显著延长。     

Evaluation of Clinical and Pathological Factors to Predict High Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Stage II Colon Cancer

Background: The ability to predict patients with stage II colon cancer at high risk of recurrence is currently limited to certain clinicopathologic factors. Patients and Methods: This population-based study reviewed various prognostic factors to identify those associated with worse time to recurrence (TTR) and improved disease-specific survival (DSS), and to subsequently develop a prognostic index (PI) to identify high risk cancers. Results: Multivariate analyses revealed factors significant for TTR and DSS. A PI derived from the TTR risk factors identified 3 risk groups using 5-year rate without relapse: 88% for low-risk, 81% for intermediate-risk, and 59% for high risk. Conclusion: This model was better at identifying high risk patients than using equally weighted standard risk factors.     

Evaluation of Haptoglobin Genotype and Some Risk Factors of Cancer in Patients with Early Stage Esophageal Cancer

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal cancers that has a complex and diverse etiology, with several genetic and nutritional factors involved in its etiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of haptoglobin genotype and its relationship with some nutritional and biochemical risk factors affecting the prevalence of esophageal cancer in patients with early stage esophageal cancer. Materials and methods: In this study, 44 patients (20 males and 24 females) with early stage esophageal cancer and 44 healthy subjects, classified as control group, (19 males and 25 females) were selected. Haptoglobin (HP) genotype was determined employing PCR technique. Nutritional data were analyzed using standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate and nitrite were measured employing the colorimetric method. Serum levels of p53 protein were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype was the most prevalent genotype in esophageal cancer patients in Golestan province, Iran. HP2-2 genotype was the most frequent in the control group. Serum levels of MDA were significantly higher in the patients’ group compared to the control group (P˂0.001). Weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in the patients’ group than the control group (P<0.01). Food frequency analysis revealed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables in the patients’ group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed for the first time that HP1-1 genotype is the dominant genotype in patients with esophageal cancer in Golestan province. As well, modification of nutritional pattern and consumption of high level of antioxidant compounds can be effective in reducing the prevalence of esophageal cancer in this region.     

Conservative Surgery and Radiation Therapy as Treatment for Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Treatment Policy at the Harvard Joint Center for Radiation Therapy

The combination of conservative surgery and radiation therapy has become a more widely employed treatment approach for patients with early breast cancer. Cooperation between the surgeon, radiologist, pathologist, radiation therapist and medical oncologist is critical in obtaining good results using this approach. In this article, we summarize the treatment policy at the Harvard Joint Center for Radiation Therapy with concentration on treatment techniques and their appropriate application.     

晚期宫颈癌35例临床疗效分析

目的:探讨晚期宫颈癌患者综合治疗的临床疗效。方法:收集我院2003年5月-2006年5月住院治疗的35例晚期宫颈癌患者的临床资料,进行回顾性分析。35例晚期宫颈癌患者使用长春瑞滨(盖诺N)和顺铂(P)联合方案的全身化疗(共3个周期),化疗后选择适当的手术方式,术后再给予化疗及盆腔放疗。结果:35例患者经NP方案3周期化疗后,有32例宫颈局部肿块缩小超过50%(PR 91.4%),21例(60%)阴道受累情况有所减轻,宫旁转移及盆腔淋巴结受侵有好转。35例患者1年生存28例,2年生存26例,3年生存24例。死亡11例中10例死于全身转移,1例死于急性心肌梗死。结论:晚期宫颈癌术前NP方案全身化疗后,局部肿瘤有不同程度缩小,为手术治疗创造了一定条件。     

肺癌患者合并肺部真菌感染的临床分析

目的 分析肺癌患者并发肺部真菌感染的影响因素及临床特点,以有效预防和控制感染。方法收集新疆肿瘤医院2007年1月~12月出院的872例肺癌患者的临床资料,对其中合并肺部真菌感染的87例资料总结,分析真菌感染的影响因素及真菌种类特点。结果 872例肺癌患者中,肺部真菌感染87例,感染发生率9.9%。真菌类型主要为念珠菌菌属（96.6%）,其中白色念珠菌（81%）为主要菌种,主要影响因素有年龄≥50岁,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期的中晚期肺癌患者、住院时间≥14天、化疗、放疗,侵袭性操作、白细胞减少≥Ⅲ度,长时间使用抗生素及激素(P＜0.05)。而患者的性别,肺癌的病理分型,是否行手术治疗与肺部真菌感染无关(P＞0.05)。结论 减少易感因素,及时治疗是降低肺癌患者真菌感染的有效措施。     

胸部肿瘤手术后肺栓塞的防治

目的探讨能有效地降低或避免胸部肿瘤手术后肺栓塞并发症的围手术期补液方案。方法补液新方案包括,改变术中、术后输液径路;术后放弃所有止、凝血药物的使用;术后第3天始常规应用抗凝药物;比较新补液方案实施前后为两组患者,术后下肢深静脉血栓及肺栓塞发生率。结果实施新补液方案前,术后下肢深静脉血栓发生率为0.60%（16/2676）,肺栓塞发生率为0.41%（11/2676）,死亡率为0.30%（8/2676）;实施新补液方案后,术后下肢深静脉血栓发生率及肺栓塞发生率均为0（0/1210）（P〈0.001）。结论预防性新补液方案可以降低术后下肢深静脉血栓形成率和肺栓塞的发生率。     

恶性肿瘤合并心房颤动对抗凝治疗后患者血栓栓塞和出血发生的影响

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤合并心房颤动对抗凝治疗后患者血栓栓塞和出血发生的影响.方法 选取39例恶性肿瘤合并心房颤动患者作为观察组,同期40例心房颤动患者作为对照组,均进行CHADS2房颤血栓危险度评分及HAS-BLED评分-出血风险评估,并给予华法林抗凝治疗,观察比较2组抗凝治疗后患者血栓栓塞和出血发生情况.结果 观察组、对...     

手辅助腹腔镜与全腹腔镜治疗低位直肠癌早期临床疗效分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨手辅助腹腔镜手术（hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery,HALS）与全腹腔镜手术（laparoscopic surgery,LAP）治疗低位直肠癌的早期临床疗效差异。［方法］ 分析2012年4月至2016年12月在杭州市第三人民医院接受手辅助腹腔镜及全腹腔镜手术治疗的78例低位直肠癌患者资料,其中HALS 组40例,LAP组 38例,回顾性分析两种手术方式在手术时间、中转开腹率、淋巴结清扫数目、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后炎症反应等方面的差异。［结果］ HALS组平均手术时间为142.37min,显著低于LAP组的167.06min（P＜0.01）;LAP组术后CRP升高水平为52.29±29.19mg/L,显著低于HALS组的76.62±36.25 mg/L（P＜0.01）;两组在切除标本长度、全直肠系膜切除率、中转开腹率、淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症发生率、术后住院时间及住院费用方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。［结论］ 手辅助腹腔镜和全腹腔镜治疗低位直肠癌具有相似的安全性和住院花费,且手辅助腹腔镜手术时间及学习曲线相对较短,但术后炎症反应较全腹腔镜手术明显。     

Association Between Decreased Serum Albumin With Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Mortality in Cancer Patients

Background.

In cancer patients, reduced serum albumin has been described as a marker for global declining health and poor prognosis. Our aim was to investigate the association of albumin concentrations with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and mortality in patients with cancer.

Methods.

This investigation was performed in the framework of the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS), a prospective observational cohort study. We included 1,070 patients with active cancer and assayed serum albumin from venous blood taken at study inclusion. Risk for occurrence of VTE was calculated in a proportional subdistribution hazard regression model with respect to competing risk of death and adjusted for cancer site, leukocyte count, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and cholinesterase.

Results.

Patients (630 males [58.9%] and 440 females [41.1%]) were observed for a median of 723 days. During follow-up, 90 VTE events (8.4%) and 396 deaths (37.0%) occurred. The median albumin was 41.3 g/L (25th–75th percentile, 37.6–44.2). Patients with albumin levels below the 75th percentile had a 2.2-fold increased risk of VTE (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–4.32), as well as a 2.3-fold increased risk of death (95% CI 1.68–3.20) compared with patients with albumin above the 75th percentile.

Conclusion.

Decreased serum albumin levels in cancer patients were significantly associated with increased risk of VTE and mortality. Serum albumin, a marker of a cancer patient’s overall prognosis, could be considered for risk assessment of important clinical outcomes such as VTE and mortality.

Implications for Practice:

Cancer patients are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this prospective cohort study of 1,070 cancer patients, decreased serum albumin was a marker for risk of VTE and mortality, independent of kidney or liver function and inflammation markers. The study identified a group of patients with high risk of cancer-associated VTE and a reduced prognosis who may benefit from supportive therapy such as primary VTE prophylaxis.