超声引导针吸活检在术前判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结状态中的应用

目的：研究对超声异常的腋窝淋巴结进行针吸活检的临床价值.方法：对47例cT1-2N0M0腋窝超声异常乳腺癌患者的腋窝淋巴结进行超声引导下针吸活检,结果与组织学病理结果进行对照.分析超声引导针吸活检术前判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断准确率.结果：超声引导针吸活检判断腋窝淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断准确率分别为82.8%、100.0%、100.0%、78.3%、89.4%.结论：超声引导针吸活检是术前评估腋窝淋巴结状态的有效检查方法,其结果对乳腺癌手术方式的选择具有重要参考价值.     

ROC曲线评估超声造影对三阴性乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的诊断价值

目的:分析对比增强超声造影对三阴性乳腺癌TAC化疗前腋窝淋巴结状态的评估价值,并采用ROC曲线评估其诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的价值。方法:选择2016年3月-2018年5月在本院诊治的86例三阴性乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者在进行化疗前均进行对比增强超声造影检查,以术后病理诊断结果为金标准,分析对比增强超声造影评估腋窝淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性,比较腋窝淋巴结转移和未转移患者的对比增强超声造影检查参数,以淋巴结实质内高灌注区和低灌注区的差异度（SImax-SImin）做ROC曲线,分析对比增强超声造影对患者腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断价值。结果:病理检查结果腋窝淋巴结转移41例;对比增强超声造影检查结果34例腋窝淋巴结转移,52例未见淋巴结转移,其中假阳性2例,假阴性9例,其评估乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的敏感性为78.05％,特异性为95.56％,阳性预测值为94.12％,阴性预测值为82.69％;腋窝淋巴结转移组SImax-SImin显著大于淋巴结未转移组,当SImax-SImin大于临界值20.96时,对比增强超声造影鉴别乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的敏感性为85.29％,特异性为80.77％。结论:对比增强超声造影在三阴性乳腺癌TAC化疗前腋窝淋巴结状态评估和淋巴结转移诊断中具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可用于临床指导三阴性乳腺癌治疗方式及腋窝手术方式。     

初步探讨超声检查对妇科恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的探讨超声检查在妇科恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移诊断中的价值.方法 28例妇科恶性肿瘤患者术前经超声检查后腹膜和盆腔淋巴结有无转移,检查结果与病理结果对照.结果超声诊断淋巴结转移的准确性为85.7%,敏感性为70.0%,特异性为94.4%,阳性预测值为87.2%,阴性预测值为85.0%.结论超声对妇科恶性肿瘤是否伴有淋巴结转移的诊断为妇科恶性肿瘤的临床分期和治疗策略的选择提供了有价值的检查手段.     

超声在头颈部恶性肿瘤颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的探讨二维超声及彩色多普勒超声对头颈部恶性肿瘤颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值.方法应用超声和彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)对42例头颈部肿瘤患者术前进行颈部检查,全部病例均经手术及活检病理证实.结果超声诊断颈部淋巴结转移的准确性为89.58%,敏感性为94.87%,特异性为66.67%,阳性预测值为92.5%,阴性预测值为75%.结论超声检查判断头颈部恶性肿瘤颈部淋巴结转移有较高的敏感性及准确率,有助于提高头颈部肿瘤患者术前分期的准确性.     

超声与钼靶及二者联合检查对乳腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值

[目的]比较B超、钼靶及二者联合检查对乳腺癌淋巴结显像的能力.[方法]收集武汉大学人民医院经病理证实的乳腺癌患者共118例,比较B超、钼靶及二者联合检查对淋巴结显像的灵敏度、特异性、误诊率、漏诊率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及总符合率.[结果]超声检查的灵敏度为47.4％,特异性为73.7％,误诊率为26.3％,漏诊率为52.6％,阳性预测值为54.5％,阴性预测值为67.7％,总符合率为63.2％.钼靶检查的灵敏度为88.2％,特异性为24.0％,误诊率为76.0％,漏诊率为11.8％,阳性预测值为61.2％,阴性预测值为60.0％,总符合率为61.0％.二者联合检查的灵敏度为91.3％,特异性为15.4％,误诊率为84.6％,漏诊率为8.7％,阳性预测值为65.6％,阴性预测值为50.0％,总符合率为63.9％.超声检查结果与病理结果的一致性较弱(κ=0.215,P=0.035).以淋巴结转移数目分层,3种方法的检出水平与转移数目无关.[结论]超声在术前诊断乳腺癌淋巴结转移方面优于钼靶、以及超声和钼靶联合检查.此外,乳腺癌淋巴结转移的影像学检出水平与淋巴结转移数目无关.     

高频彩超诊断乳腺癌腋窝转移性淋巴结的临床价值

 目的　评价彩超与临床触诊在诊断乳腺癌腋窝转移性淋巴结中的价值。方法　 60例乳腺癌行腋窝淋巴结清扫术患者作术前前瞻性彩超检查 ,并和术后病理对照 ,双盲法观察分析影像所见 ,将其结果做统计学处理。结果　在 60例乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫术后病理检查中 3 3例有转移性淋巴结。临床触诊检出其中 1 7例 (敏感性 5 1 .5 %、特异性 88.9%、准确性 68.3 % ) ,彩超检出 2 8例 (敏感性 84.8%、特异性1 0 0 %、准确性 88.3 % )。彩超可确诊 68.7%临床漏诊的隐匿性转移淋巴结。结论彩超明显优于临床检查 ,是目前预计腋窝淋巴结是否受累的较准确方法     

早期乳腺癌术前超声征象及病理因素与腋窝淋巴结负荷的相关性

目的 研究早期乳腺癌术前超声征象及病理因素与腋窝淋巴结负荷的相关性。方法 选取170例早期乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,根据患者术后病理结果将患者分为淋巴结负荷组(n=55)和非淋巴结负荷组(n=115),对比2组患者术前超声征象和病理因素(肿瘤大小、是否绝经、ER、PR、HER-2表达、组织学分级、淋巴结转移和临床分期),分析术前超声淋巴结阳性率以及病理因素与早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结负荷的相关性。结果 2组患者在病灶增强均匀性、边缘增强强度以及增强边界方面具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而淋巴结负荷组患者主要以不均匀病灶增强,边缘高强度增强以及不清晰增强边界为主。2组患者在HER-2表达、组织学分级、淋巴结转移和临床分期方面具有统计学意义(P<0.05),淋巴结负荷组在HER-2阳性表达、组织学Ⅲ级、存在淋巴结转移以及临床Ⅲ期方面明显更多。结果 术前超声征象及病理因素与早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结负荷存在明显的相关性。     

肺癌术前常规纵隔淋巴结外科分期的临床价值

背景与目的 探讨肺癌术前常规纵隔淋巴结外科分期的临床价值.方法 76例肺癌患者开胸术前常规行纵隔淋巴结活检,以术后病理为金标准,比对术前胸部CT和纵隔镜对肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断效能.结果 术前胸部CT对纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为68.5%、66.7%、68.4%、84.6%和16.7%.纵隔镜检查术则分别为87.5%、100%、84.2%、100%和60%.结论 肺癌术前常规纵隔镜检查术对纵隔淋巴结分期的优势明显,具有极高的临床实用价值.     

非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期:螺旋CT和病理检查对照

背景与目的:非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期对肿瘤的规范化治疗方案的选择和预后判断具有极其重要的意义。本研究旨在通过比较螺旋CT和病理检查对非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期的结果,评价螺旋CT检查对纵隔淋巴结分期的临床参考价值。方法:对89例病理确诊的非小细胞肺癌患者同时进行螺旋CT检查和纵隔镜检查,将CT对纵隔淋巴结分期结果与淋巴结最后病理分期做一一对照,对比分析螺旋CT检查诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性和准确率。结果:与纵隔淋巴结最后病理分期一一对照,螺旋CT检查诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的敏感性为58.9%,特异性为70.0%,阳性预测值60.5%,阴性预测值68.6%,总的准确率为65.2%。螺旋CT检查诊断4R、5、6、7组淋巴结转移的准确率和特异性偏低,诊断4R组和7组淋巴结转移的假阳性和假阴性较高。结论:螺旋CT检查对非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结临床分期有一定的临床参考价值,但存在一定的假阳性和假阴性,应结合其他检查手段,比如纵隔镜,以进行更精确的分期。     

18FDG PET-CT检测进展期食管癌淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的评价^18FDG PET-CT对进展期食管癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值及临床意义.方法随机选择拟行手术治疗的进展期食管癌患者30例,术前1周内行^18EDG PET-CT检查及CT增强扫描.根据术后病理结果,对比CT与PET-CT诊断食管癌淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值与准确性的差异.结果术后病理原发灶均为鳞状细胞癌,22例存在淋巴结转移.共切取淋巴结243个,病理确定的转移淋巴结49个,平均直径1.4 cm（0.3～2.8 cm）.CT确定的转移淋巴结26个,平均直径1.7 cm（1.1～2.8 cm）;敏感性和特异性分别为40.8%和96.9%,阳性预测值76.9%,阴性预测值86.6%,准确性85.6%.18FDG PET-CT确定淋巴结转移63个,平均直径1.5cm（0.8～2.8 cm）;敏感性和特异性分别为93.9%和91.2%,阳性预测值73.0%,阴性预测值98.3%,准确性91.9%.18FDG PET-CT的敏感性、阴性预测值、准确性均高于CT（P＜0.001、0.001、0.05）.结论18FDGPET-CT是检测进展期食管癌淋巴结转移的有用工具,可指导手术剖胸径路的选择、优化适形放疗计划,临床应用价值优于CT.     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结转移综合预测模型的建立

目的:建立乳腺癌新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移的综合预测模型,评估新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移情况,指导临床手术方案选择。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2018年12月143例乳腺癌新辅助化疗患者的临床、病理及影像资料,并根据术后淋巴结病理分为转移组与无转移组。采用χ2/t检验对两组指标进行单因素分析;将P<0.05的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归分析。用多因素分析有统计学意义(P<0.05)的指标构建乳腺癌新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移综合预测模型的列线图,并应用受试者工作特征（receiver operation characteristic,ROC)曲线评价此模型的性能。结果:单因素分析表明化疗方案、化疗前淋巴结穿刺病理、术前查体、术前彩超、术前CT/MRI、RECIST分级对腋窝淋巴结转移有预测作用;多因素分析表明,化疗前淋巴结穿刺病理、术前彩超、RECIST分级是新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结转移的独立预测因素。乳腺癌新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移的预测模型的曲线下面积为0.785,特异度为85.4%,敏感度为59.8%。结论:乳腺癌新辅助化疗后淋巴结转移的综合预测模型对腋窝淋巴结有较好的预测能力,可为选择合适的手术方式提供临床指导。     

Accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients: a study of 115 cases with cytologic-histologic correlation

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of axillary lymph nodes is a simple, minimally invasive technique that can be used to improve preoperative determination of the status of the axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer, thereby serving as a tool with which to triage patients for sentinel versus full lymph node dissection procedures. The aim of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of FNA cytology to detect metastatic breast carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes. METHODS: A total of 115 FNAs of axillary lymph nodes of breast cancer patients with histologic follow-up (subsequent sentinel or full lymph node dissection) were included in the current study. The specificity and sensitivity, as well as the positive and negative predictive values, were calculated. RESULTS: The positive and negative predictive values of FNA cytology of axillary lymph nodes for metastatic breast carcinoma were 1.00 and 0.60, respectively. The overall sensitivity of axillary lymph node FNA in all the cases studied was 65% and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of FNA was lower in the sentinel lymph node group than in the full lymph node dissection group (16% vs 88%, respectively), which was believed to be attributable to the small size of the metastatic foci in the sentinel lymph node group (median, 0.25 cm). All false-negative FNAs, with the exception of 1 case, were believed to be the result of sampling error. There was no 'true' false-positive FNA case in the current study. CONCLUSIONS: FNA of axillary lymph nodes is a sensitive and very specific method with which to detect metastasis in breast cancer patients. Because of its excellent positive predictive value, full axillary lymph node dissection can be planned safely instead of a sentinel lymph node dissection when a preoperative positive FNA result is rendered. .     

超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检术在非小细胞肺癌诊断及其淋巴结分期评估中的价值研究#br#

目的探讨超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检术（EBUS TBNA）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）诊断及其淋巴结分期评估中的价值。方法选取新疆医科大学第八附属医院2019年8月至2020年8月收治的经胸部CT检查显示纵隔或肺门淋巴结肿大或肺内肿块疑似肺癌的患者118例,均行EBUS TBNA检查,以病理学诊断结果为最终诊断,分析EBUS TBNA对NSCLC的诊断价值,并探查所有可及的纵隔与肺门淋巴结,对淋巴结试行穿刺,分析穿刺部位分布、EBUS TBNA诊断分型、EBUS TBNA对NSCLC淋巴结分期评估价值及并发症。结果118例患者中有116例经临床病理学诊断确诊为NSCLC,经EBUS TBNA检查确诊111例,准确度为9407%（111/118）,灵敏度为9569%（111/116）,特异度为10000%（2/2）,阳性预测值为10000%（111/111）,阴性预测值为2857%（2/7）。116例患者经EBUS TBNA检查共获得来自不同部位的142个淋巴结样本,其中纵隔淋巴结108个,肺门淋巴结34个,4R、7、11R为最常累及的淋巴结。EBUS TBNA检查对纵隔淋巴结和肺门淋巴结评估的灵敏度分别为9485%、7917%,特异度分别为10000%、10000%,阳性预测值分别为10000%、10000%,阴性预测值分别为6875%、6667%,准确度分别为9537%、8529%,Kappa值分别为0789、0691,与病理诊断结果的一致性良好。EBUS TBNA评估NSCLC淋巴结N0、N1、N2、N3期的准确度分别为9500%、9444%、9792%、9167%。共有6例（517%）患者发生轻微并发症,经相关处理后均有所好转。结论EBUS TBNA对NSCLC及淋巴结分期均有较高的诊断价值。     

术前CT检查在可手术非小细胞肺癌TNM分期中的应用评价

目的比较术前CT检查和术后病理诊断的非小细胞肺癌TNM分期结果,评价术前CT检查对非小细胞肺癌TNM分期的临床参考价值。方法112例临床确诊为NSCLC的患者行术前螺旋CT检查,临床分期为Ⅰ～ⅢA患者行手术切除加系统性淋巴结清扫,术前CT检查对TNM的分期结果定义为临床TNM（cTNM）,术后的病理分期定义为病理TNM（pTNM）。对比患者的cTNM与pTNM,评价术前CT检查确定非小细胞肺癌TNM分期的敏感度、特异性和准确率。结果（1）术前CT检查诊断T分期的敏感度和特异性分别为76.6％和85.7％,阳性预测值为92.2％,阴性预测值为62.5％,准确率为79.5％。一致性检验有统计学意义（Kappa=0.658,P<0.05）;（2）术前CT检查诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的敏感度和特异性分别为72.9％和84.9％,阳性预测值为84.3％,阴性预测值为73.8％,准确率为78.6％,一致性检验有统计学意义（Kappa=0.667,P<0.05）。螺旋CT检查诊断 4R、5、6 组纵隔淋巴结转移的准确率和特异性偏低,其中4R组淋巴结转移的假阳性和假阴性较高。结论术前CT检查对非小细胞肺癌TNM分期有重要的临床参考价值,但存在假阳性和假阴性,应结合其他检查手段如PET-CT或纵隔镜等提高术前TNM分期准确率。     

Accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients

BACKGROUND

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of axillary lymph nodes is a simple, minimally invasive technique that can be used to improve preoperative determination of the status of the axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer, thereby serving as a tool with which to triage patients for sentinel versus full lymph node dissection procedures. The aim of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of FNA cytology to detect metastatic breast carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes.

METHODS

A total of 115 FNAs of axillary lymph nodes of breast cancer patients with histologic follow‐up (subsequent sentinel or full lymph node dissection) were included in the current study. The specificity and sensitivity, as well as the positive and negative predictive values, were calculated.

RESULTS

The positive and negative predictive values of FNA cytology of axillary lymph nodes for metastatic breast carcinoma were 1.00 and 0.60, respectively. The overall sensitivity of axillary lymph node FNA in all the cases studied was 65% and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of FNA was lower in the sentinel lymph node group than in the full lymph node dissection group (16% vs 88%, respectively), which was believed to be attributable to the small size of the metastatic foci in the sentinel lymph node group (median, 0.25 cm). All false‐negative FNAs, with the exception of 1 case, were believed to be the result of sampling error. There was no ‘true’ false‐positive FNA case in the current study.

CONCLUSIONS

FNA of axillary lymph nodes is a sensitive and very specific method with which to detect metastasis in breast cancer patients. Because of its excellent positive predictive value, full axillary lymph node dissection can be planned safely instead of a sentinel lymph node dissection when a preoperative positive FNA result is rendered. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2008. © American Cancer Society.     

(99M)Technetium-sestamibi scintimammography in non-palpable breast lesions found on screening X-ray mammography.

OBJECTIVE: The sensitivity and specificity of (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintimammography in patients with non-palpable breast lesions diagnosed by screening mammography and the value of (99m)Tc-sestamibi to detect axillary lymph node metastases was determined. METHODS: Between September 2000 and December 2003, 103 females with non-palpable breast lesions were included for further evaluation. X-ray mammography was repeated and 99mTc-sestamibi scintimammography performed within one-week. Anterior, and left and right lateral images were obtained. The scintimammography was analysed by 2 experienced observers who were blinded to the clinical, pathological, and radiological results. The sensitivity and specificity of scintimammography to diagnose non-palpable lesion(s), including the axillary regions, was compared with histopathology, clinical, and radiological follow up. RESULTS: Two patients (one non-small lung cancer and one non-Hodgkin's disease) were excluded. Both showed (99m)Tc-sestamibi avid lesions in the breast and axillary region. In the remaining 101 patients, 37 true positive (TP), 4 false positive (FP), 52 true negative (TN), and 8 false negative (FN) breast carcinomas were found. The specificity was 92.8%, sensitivity 82.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 86.6%. (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintimammography showed axillary lesions in 5/15 (33%) patients with axillary lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: In patients with non-palpable lesions diagnosed by screening- X-ray-mammography, (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintimammography provided high specificity and PPV. Furthermore, (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintimammography detected 33% of patients with axillary lymph node metastases. Therefore, (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintimammography could be of incremental value in the surgical work-up of these patients.