丹参对大鼠脑颞叶梗死后空间认知障碍的改善和HSP32表？…

探讨丹参对单颞叶缺血性损害大鼠空间认知能力的改善作用及与热休克蛋白３２（ＨＳＰ３２）表达的关系。方法采用立体定光化学技术导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层梗死，术前３０分钟及术后第３天分别给丹参组大鼠腹腔注射丹参１０ｇ／ｋｇ，用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫监测大鼠行为，然后取脑进行ＨＥ染色及ＨＳＰ３２免疫组化分析。结果丹参组大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫搜索目标的反应时和行程较屯梗死组显著缩秘而不宣，且较多地使用了正常的认知策略     

巴曲酶对大鼠颞叶梗死后空间认知障碍的改善和PDGF表达的影响

目的：探讨巴曲酶对单侧颞叶缺血性损害大鼠空间认知加工能力的改善作用及与ＰＤＧＦ表达的关系。方法：用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫监测大鼠空间认知能力，行为。实验结束后取脑进行梗死体积测定及ＰＤＧＦ免疫组化分析。结果：（１）巴曲酶可以显著地缩短梗死大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫中搜索目标的平均反应时和行程；（２）、巴曲酶组大鼠较多，较早地使用了正常的认知策略。巴曲酶治疗组颞叶梗死体积较单纯梗死组显著缩小，ＰＤＧＦ－Ａ表达     

丹参对颞叶缺血大鼠空间认知障碍的改善和对血小板源性生长 …

目的 探讨丹参对颞叶缺血性损害大鼠空间认知能力的改善作用及对血小板源性生长因子９ＰＤＧＦ）表达的影响。方法 采用光化学技术导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层缺血，术前３０分钟及术后第３天分别给丹参组大鼠腹腔注射丹参１０ｇ／ｋｇ，用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫及图像自动监系统监测大鼠行为。然后取脑进行梗死体积测定及ＰＤＧＦ－Ａ免疯组化分析。结果 丹参使颞叶缺血大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫中搜索目标的反应进和行程显著缩短，使用正常认     

c—Jun,bFGF,HSP70在丹参改善颞叶缺血大鼠空间记忆障碍中的？…

目的：探讨在丹参改善单侧缺单侧颞叶缺血大鼠空间记忆障碍中ｃ－Ｊｕｎ，ｂＦＧＦ和ＨＳＰ７０的表达变化。方法：采用立体定向光化学方法选择性地导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层缺血，术前３０分钟及术后第３天分别给丹组组大鼠腹腔注射丹参１０ｇ／ｋｇ，用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫及图像自动监视系统监测大鼠行为。然后取脑 理学及ｃ－Ｊｕｎ、ｂＦＧＦ和ＨＳＰ７０免疫组化分析。结果：经丹参治疗，颞叶缺生按时完成大鼠的空间记忆障碍得到显     

丹参对颞叶缺血大鼠空间认知障碍的改善和对血小板源性生长因子表达的影响

目的探讨丹参对颞叶缺血性损害大鼠空间认知能力的改善作用及对血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）表达的影响。方法采用光化学技术导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层缺血,术前30分钟及术后第3天分别给丹参组大鼠腹腔注射丹参10g／kg,用Morris迷宫及图像自动监视系统监测大鼠行为。然后取脑进行梗死体积测定及PDGF-A免疫组化分析。结果丹参使颞叶缺血大鼠在Morris迷宫中搜索目标的反应时和行程显著缩短,使用正常认知策略增多,由随机式过度到趋向和直线式策略的进程加快,颞叶梗死体积缩小,PDGF-A表达减少。结论丹参可以明显改善颞叶缺血性损害大鼠的空间认知障碍,其机制与丹参减小颞叶梗死体积和下调PDGF-A表达有关。     

巴曲酶对大鼠颞叶梗塞后学习障碍的改善作用

目的研究巴曲酶对大鼠左侧颞叶梗塞后空间学习障碍的改善作用。方法采用立体定向光化学诱导脑梗塞技术选择性地导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层梗塞,术前３０分钟及术后第３天分别给巴曲酶组大鼠腹腔注射巴曲酶８ＢＵ／ｋｇ,行为实验装置由Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫及图像自动监视系统组成。结果（１）巴曲酶可以显著地缩短梗塞大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ迷宫中搜索目标的平均反应时和行程;（２）巴曲酶组大鼠较多、较早地使用了正常的认知策略。结论巴曲酶对左侧颞叶梗塞大鼠空间认知功能障碍具有明显的改善作用。它除了溶栓作用外,还参与了神经损伤的修复过程。     

c-Jun、bFGF、HSP70在丹参改善颞叶缺血大鼠空间记忆障碍中的表达变化

目的：探讨在丹参改善单侧颞叶缺血大鼠空间记忆障碍中c-Jun,bFGF和HSP70的表达变化。方法：采用立体定向光化学方法选择性地导致大鼠左侧颞叶皮层缺血,术前30分钟及术后第3天分别给丹参组大鼠腹腔注射丹参10g／kg,用Morris水迷宫及图像自动监视系统监测大鼠行为。然后取脑进行病理学及c-Jun、bFGF和HSP70免疫组化分析。结果：经丹参治疗,颞叶缺血性损害大鼠的空间记忆障碍得到显著改善,颞叶缺血损害程度显著减轻,缺血灶内c-Jun、bFGF和HSP70表达明显减少。结论：丹参可以明显改善单侧颞叶缺血性损害大鼠的空间记忆障碍,其机制可能与丹参减轻颞叶缺血损害,下调c－Jun、bFGF和HSP70表达有关。     

丹参改善大鼠颞叶梗死后空间认知加工障碍的研究

目的探讨丹参对大鼠单侧颓叶梗死后空间认知加工能力的改善作用。方法采用立体定向光化学诱导脑梗死技术选择性地导致大鼠左侧颞对皮层梗死，术前30min及术后第3天分别给丹参组大鼠按体重腹腔注射丹参10g／kg，行为实验装置由Morris水迷宫及图像自动监视系统（morrismazeexperimentalassistantsystem，MMEAS）组成。结果丹参组大鼠在Morris迷宫中搜索目标的反应时和行程显著缩短，且较多地使用了正常的认知策略，其由随机式过渡到趋向和直线式策略的进程也与正常对照组无明显差异。结论丹参可明显改善大鼠单侧颞叶梗死后的空间认知加工障碍。本研究在丹参治疗脑梗死、预防痴呆发生方面进行了有益的探索。     

蚓激酶对单侧颞叶皮质脑梗死大鼠空间认知能力改善的探讨

目的:探讨早期溶栓治疗是否改善血管性痴呆的认知能力和蚓激酶制剂溶栓及改善脑梗死后脑功能作用。方法:采用光化学诱导脑梗死大鼠模型,观察假手术组、梗死组、及梗死后治疗组在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫的训练成绩。结果:治疗组较非治疗组学习成绩提高,统计有显著性差异(Ｐ＜０．０１),与假手术组比较无显著性差异。结论:早期蚓激酶治疗脑梗死可改善脑缺血后的认知功能障碍。     

局灶性缺血再灌注时丹参对热休克蛋白70的影响—免疫细胞化学及…

丹参素以活血化瘀称著，常用于治疗缺血性脑血管病，热休克蛋白７０（ＨＳＰ７０）具神经保护作用。本文研究目的：丹参是否也通过影响ＨＳＰ７０起作用，采用大鼠犬脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）线检模型。以免疫细胞化学及病理组织方法在同一动物中进行研究。结果发现在缺血９０ｍｉｎ再灌注２４ｈ后，对照组手术侧皮层ＨＳＰ７０免疫反应增强及皮层神经细胞有缺血性损伤，而丹参组（缺血９０ｍｉｎ时给予丹参１０ｇ／Ｋｇ，体重ｉｐ），则Ｈ     

Molecular mechanisms and the role of the protein kinase pathway in rat spatial memory impairment following isoflurane anesthesia

BACKGROUND:Animal experiments have demonstrated that isoflurane exposure alone induces learning and memory deficits for weeks or months. However, the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory remain poorly understood. Hippocampal expression of calcium/phospholipid- dependent protein kinase (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in rats have been shown to be associated with memory processing. OBJECTIVE:To investigate changes in rat spatial memory and hippocampal CA1 neuronal kinase system following isoflurane anesthesia, and to explore the correlation between molecular changes in cerebral neurons and behavioral manifestations following anesthesia.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:A randomized, controlled, animal study. All experiments were performed at the Department of Anesthesia, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2007 to December 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 72 male, 3 month-old (young group), Sprague Dawley rats, and 36 male, 20 month-old (aged group), Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Isoflurane was purchased from Baxter, USA. METHODS:Young and aged rats were randomly assigned to control, training (no anesthesia, Morris water maze training), and isoflurane (1.2% isoflurane, Morris water maze training) groups. The isoflurane group was further subdivided into four groups, which were exposed to anesthesia for 2 or 4 hours, and were subjected to Morris water maze training at 2 days or 2 weeks post- anesthesia. Finally, each aged group comprised 6 rats, and the young group comprised 12 rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Spatial learning and memory were observed during Morris water maze training. Hippocampal CA1 PKA and PKC expression and activity were detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS:A 4-hour isoflurane exposure induced spatial memory deficits in all rats for 2 days to 2 weeks. In particular, aged rats exhibited more severe spatial memory deficits. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA results showed a significant increase in PKC and PKA expression and activity in the hippocampus CA1 subfield following Morris water maze training (P < 0.05). Moreover, isoflurane anesthesia inhibited PKC and PKA expression and activity, and this inhibition increased with increasing exposure duration and increasing age. CONCLUSION:Results suggested that increased isoflurane exposure and age could extensively inhibit the hippocampal CA1 kinase system. Inhibition of protein kinases could play an important role in the cognitive decline following anesthesia.     

Mice are not little rats: species differences in a one-day water maze task

The present study examined species differences in spatial and non-spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Male Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice were tested in a one-day water maze task in which spatial learning, retention, and non-spatial learning were assessed within 3 h. Rats and mice appeared to use different strategies for locating the hidden escape platform. Whereas rats evinced a clear spatial strategy, mice appeared to rely less on spatial cues and more on alternative non-spatial strategies. The sensitivity of this behavioral protocol to subtle species differences highlights the potential use of this one-day water maze task as a tool for evaluating rapidly learning and memory in rodents.     

隔核毁损对甲基苯丙胺模型大鼠行为和学习记忆能力的影响

目的观察隔核毁损对甲基苯丙胺（MAP）模型大鼠行为、学习记忆能力的影响。方法先将90只SD大鼠单纯随机分为3组：对照组，MAP组，MAP＋隔核毁损组，每组30只。大鼠腹腔内注射MAP制造精神分裂症动物模型，采用立体定位仪电极毁损隔核，进行刻板行为评分。对照组及MAP＋隔核毁损组进入水迷宫实验；另60只SD大鼠在游泳训练后也进行水迷宫实验，随机分为训练组（无毁损）及训练组（毁损后），每组30只。通过实验检测大鼠的空间学习记忆能力。结果与MAP组比较，MAP＋隔核毁损组大鼠刻板行为评分显著下降。MAP＋隔核毁损组大鼠社会行为良好。水迷宫实验中，MAP＋隔核毁损组在初期空间记忆能力存在缺陷。结论隔核毁损能够实现对大鼠精神分裂症阳性症状的改善，对大鼠初期学习记忆能力及空间定位能力有影响，对已获得的记忆影响不大。     

Consequences of Pentylenetetrazole Kindling on Spatial Memory and Emotional Responding in the Rat

We investigated the consequences of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling on cognitive capacities of rats in a Morris water maze assessing spatial reference memory and in the spontaneous alternation test used as an index of working memory. The emotional consequences of PTZ kindling were also evaluated in an elevated plus maze test. Results indicated that PTZ kindled rats were not different from controls in mastering the water maze. However, PTZ kindled rats did not persist in searching the platform when evaluated at the end of learning. This suggests an altered place memory, although alternative explanations, like reduced anxiety, may be involved. Indeed, such anxiolytic activity was observed in a separate group of kindled rats evaluated in the plus maze test. No significant effect of PTZ kindling was noted in the spontaneous alternation test. These results question the generalization of previous results obtained in learning tests using electric shocks and illustrate the complexity of the PTZ model for the study of the behavioral consequences of kindling.     

Effect of excitotoxic lesions of rat medial prefrontal cortex on spatial memory

The involvement of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in spatial learning was examined in two memory tasks using spatial components, the Morris water maze and the three-panel runway. Using the Morris water maze task, with an invisible platform, the effects of NMDA mPFC lesions were assessed in a procedure reflecting spatial learning and memory, including a spatial reversal. In the three-panel runway, a delayed matching-to-position procedure was used in which rats were required to find food at the end of the runway after passing through one of three panel gates set into four barriers spaced equally apart along the maze. In addition, mPFC lesions were assessed behaviorally in two behavioral tests known to be sensitive to mPFC dysfunction: the food hoarding paradigm and spontaneous locomotion in the open field. Consistent with the documented effects of mPFC damage, NMDA mPFC lesions impaired food hoarding behavior and increased spontaneous exploratory locomotion. In the Morris water maze and the three-panel runway, mPFC-lesioned rats showed relatively few effects, supporting the conclusion that the damage inflicted to the mPFC had no consequence for the processing of spatial information. However, mPFC lesioned animals showed slower acquisition during both the training trial in the three-panel runway and the reversal training in the Morris water maze. These results suggest that spatial memory did not depend on mPFC integrity in the Morris water maze and the three-panel runway experiments, and address the issue of deficits induced by mPFC lesions in memory tasks dependent on non-mnemonic processes such as attentional processes and/or a reduced behavioral flexibility to environmental changes.