红色荧光-VEGF165融合蛋白载体在细胞内的定位和表达

目的 构建在哺乳动物细胞中表达人VEGF165(hVEGF165)红色荧光蛋白(RFP)的融合表达载体。方法 根据已知的人VEGF165序列,用PCR方法,从质粒pUC18／VEGF165中扩增出去除终止密码子的VEGF165片段,定向克隆至pDsRed1-N1质粒中。重组质粒经限制性内切酶和DNA序列测定鉴定。以DOTAP为介导,将pDsVEGF165Red1-N1转染293-T细胞,48小时后用RT-PCR、激光共聚焦显微镜检测VEGF165在细胞内表达和分布情况。结果 重组的融合蛋白表达载体经酶切、PCR和DNA序列测定证明构建正确,并在293-T细胞中表达。报告基因-红色荧光蛋白在细胞质、细胞核中都有一定的分布。结论 成功构建了pDsVEGF165Red1-N1红色荧光蛋白融合表达载体,该载体能在哺乳动物细胞中表达,为研究VEGF的细胞内定位提供了一个重要而方便的工具。     

His-TAT-mCherry融合蛋白的跨膜转导及其在细胞内的定位

目的 构建在原核中表达的人类免疫缺陷病毒转录活化因子(HIV-TAT)红色荧光蛋白(mCherry)融合表达载体,荧光显微镜观察HW-TAT的跨膜转导及其在细胞内的定位,为进一步研究HW-TAT的跨膜转导机制及其定位提供重要工具. 方法 采用基因重组技术构建含HIV-TAT以及红色荧光蛋白的质粒pET14b-His-TAT-mCherry,对阳性克隆进行PCR、酶切和测序鉴定,将该质粒转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,使其在体外表达,并进行纯化、除菌.将纯化的His-TAT-mCherry融合蛋白与Hela细胞共同孵育,荧光显微镜下观察. 结果 PCR、双酶切和DNA测序证明所构建质粒正确;表达纯化出了高纯度的His-TAT-mCher-ry融合蛋白.荧光显微镜下见Hela细胞中红色荧光蛋白主要分布在胞质中,细胞膜上也有一定分布. 结论 成功构建了pET14b-His-TAT-mCherry原核表达质粒,纯化了高纯度的His-TAT-mCherry融合蛋白,该蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中有跨膜转导活性,为研究HIV-TAT的跨膜转导机制提供了一个重要的工具.     

耐辐射奇球菌pprM基因在真核细胞中的表达

目的扩增耐辐射奇球菌辐射抗性基因pprM,构建pEGFP-C1-pprM重组载体,转入293T细胞并表达PprM蛋白,为研究原核细胞辐射抗性基因pprM是否提高真核细胞的辐射抗性及其可能存在的作用机制奠定实验基础。方法以无任何突变的pGEX-6p-1-pprM重组质粒为模版,设计引物PCR扩增pprM基因,利用琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒纯化回收目的片段,EcoR Ⅰ、BamH Ⅰ双酶切回收的目的片段及质粒pEGFP-C1,将双酶切产物进行连接,连接产物转化至大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞后涂布于含卡那霉素（Kan）抗性的Luria-Bertani（LB）固体培养基上进行筛选,所筛选的阳性克隆进一步用菌落PCR,EcoR Ⅰ、BamH Ⅰ双酶切及测序鉴定。通过Lipofectamine2000转染试剂将pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒转入293T细胞,倒置荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光融合蛋白的表达。裂解细胞抽提蛋白,Western blot进一步验证PprM蛋白的表达。结果菌落PCR结果及双酶切结果显示,在400 bp左右处有一条明显的目的条带,测序结果显示碱基序列与原基因序列一致,载体构建成功。荧光拍照结果显示,pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒成功转染293T细胞并表达绿色荧光融合蛋白;Western blot结果显示在40×103处有融合蛋白表达。结论笔者成功将所构pEGFP-C1-pprM重组质粒转入293T细胞,并表达相应蛋白,为后续实验研究原核基因pprM及其产物对真核细胞辐射抗性的影响奠定了良好的实验基础。     

HA表位标记的人Axud1基因的构建及在肺腺癌SPC-A1细胞中的表达

构建在哺乳动物细胞中表达的血凝素HA表位标记的人Axud1融合蛋白表达载体。RT PCR从人外周血淋巴细胞中扩增Axud1全长cDNA ,用含HA序列的特异引物PCR扩增HA Axud1,经BamHⅠ、XbaⅠ酶切后插入到经BamHⅠ、XbaⅠ酶切的真核表达载体pcDNA3 .1( ) 中 ,重组质粒PCR、酶切和测序鉴定正确 ,最后将该质粒转染入肺腺癌SPC A1细胞中 ,Westernblot检测HA Axud1融合蛋白的表达。结果显示 ,筛选的G418抗性克隆SPC A1细胞中均有HA Axud1融合蛋白的表达 ,为进一步研究Axud1蛋白在肿瘤细胞中的功能提供了一个重要工具     

人乳头瘤病毒6b型L1基因的克隆及表达

目的研究尖锐湿疣患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)6b型晚期基因L1(HPV6bL1)在真核细胞内的表达。方法 PCR技术扩增原核重组质粒PQE40-HPV6bL1中L1基因,酶切后与真核表达质粒PEGFP-C1连接,转化入感受态大肠埃希菌DH5α,经扩增后酶切鉴定,挑选阳性克隆进行测序。以重组质粒PEGFP-HPV6bL1转染COS-7细胞,荧光显微镜下观察融合蛋白的表达,RT-PCR检测HPV6bL1 mRNA的表达。结果双酶切及测序鉴定显示,重组质粒中插入的目的基因片段及载体DNA大小、方向和插入位点均正确,PEGFP-HPV6bL1构建成功。重组体成功转染进COS-7细胞,在荧光倒置显微镜下可观察到细胞内有绿色荧光蛋白表达,RT-PCR检测到HPV6bL1 mRNA的表达。结论建立了HPV6bL1绿色荧光真核表达系统,为研究该蛋白质的功能奠定了基础。     

转甲状腺素蛋白真核表达载体的构建及其细胞内定位

目的 构建转甲状腺素蛋白(TTR)的真核表达载体,观察其在NIH 3T3细胞中的表达及定位.方法 提取BALB/c小鼠肝脏组织的总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增得到TTR编码序列,将该编码序列克隆到带有血凝素(HA)标记的载体pcDNA3-HA上,构建质粒pcDNA3-TTR-HA.重组质粒通过PCR、酶切测序等证明构建正确后经脂质体转染NIH 3T3细胞,固定并染色后通过荧光显微镜观察该融合蛋白的表达及定位.结果 重组质粒经鉴定证明构建正确.转染实验发现,该质粒能够在NIH 3T3细胞中表达,表达产物主要分布在细胞质中.结论 成功构建带HA标签的TTR真核表达载体,该载体能在哺乳动物细胞中有效表达并正确定位,为深入研究TTR在细胞内的相关生物学功能奠定了基础.     

C反应蛋白真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的构建人C反应蛋白(CRP)真核表达载体,并观察其在NIH3T3细胞中的表达定位情况。方法利用带HA反向互补序列碱基的特异性引物,从p91023/CRP载体上将编码人CRP的基因序列亚克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3上;对阳性克隆进行PCR、酶切和测序鉴定,利用脂质体转染方法转染NIH3T3细胞;并使用Westernblot和细胞免疫化学技术对重组质粒pcDNA3/HA-CRP在NIH3T3细胞中的表达及其蛋白定位进行分析。结果PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定表明,pcDNA3/HA-CRP真核表达质粒构建正确;转染实验发现,该质粒能够在NIH3T3细胞中表达,表达产物主要定位在细胞膜和核周边内质网的区域。结论成功构建了带HA标签的人CRP真核表达载体,该载体能够在哺乳动物细胞NIH3T3中表达,为进一步研究CRP的细胞内生物学功能提供了一个重要的工具。     

人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因启动子驱动的红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体的构建及表达

目的 构建人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因(Cu/Zn SOD,SOD1)启动子驱动的红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体,并对其功能进行鉴定,为研究细胞内SOD1基因表达调控和相关的信号转导机制提供重要工具.方法 提取人基因组DNA,FCR扩增SOD1 5'非编码区启动子序列(-1 499- +17);采用基因重组技术构建由SOD1启动子驱动的红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体,将该载体瞬时转染Hella细胞,观察静息或佛波酯(PMA)刺激下红色荧光蛋白表达,以检测SOD1启动子的转录活性及其基凶表达.结果 酶切和DNA测序证明所构建红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体正确;该表达载体静息状态下在Hella细胞表达少量红色荧光蛋白,经PMA刺激后,能够表达较多高亮度的红色荧光蛋白.结论 成功构建了SOD1启动子驱动的红色荧光蛋白报告基因载体,其对相关刺激有很好的反应,可用于SOD1基因表达信号调控机制的研究.     

小鼠4-1BBL基因真核表达载体构建及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

目的：构建含小鼠4-1BBL编码区cDNA序列的真核表达载体，并检测其在COS-7细胞中的表达。方法：将目的基因4-1BBL克隆人pUCl9载体中并进行酶切鉴定和DNA序列测定。亚克隆入真核质粒pIRES2-EGFP，构建真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-m4-1BBL。用脂质体法将重组质粒转入COS-7细胞，以RT-PER和观察细胞内荧光的方法检测m4-1BBL的表达。结果：酶切鉴定和序列分析证实，重组质粒含有人4-lBBL全长cDNA编码序列，转染实验表明4-lBBL基因能在COS-7细胞中表达。结论：鼠4-1BBL全长cDNA基因真核表达载体构建及其在COS-7中的表达均获成功，为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

S100A2全长基因真核表达载体pEGFP-N2-S100A2的构建及其在胃癌细胞系BGC-823中的表达

 目的 克隆S100A2 cDNA,构建pEGFP-N2-S100A2重组表达载体,转染胃癌细胞系BGC-823,为探讨其对胃癌细胞系的影响奠定实验基础.方法 应用RT-PCR 和DNA 重组技术构建pEGFP-N2-S100A2 融合蛋白表达载体,质粒经测序正确后,用脂质体转染BGC-823 细胞.结果 重组质粒经限制性酶切鉴定得到与S100A2全长基因长度一致(294 bp) 的酶切产物; 测序分析证实,重组质粒中含有一与GenBank 上登录的S100A2基因(NM-005978) 序列完全一致的序列,表明成功地完成了表达载体的构建; 荧光显微镜下可见转染的BGC-823 细胞有绿色荧光蛋白的表达.结论 构建完成真核表达载体pEGFP-N2-S100A2,S100A2基因在BGC-823细胞内成功表达.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.