噪声对降钙素基因相关肽的效应的实验研究

接触噪声１、４、８周（Ｗ）后,敏感型大鼠（Ａ类）下丘脑ＣＧＲＰ含量明显低于Ａ类对照组。暴露８Ｗ后,不敏感型大鼠（Ｂ类）接触组下丘脑ＣＧＲＰ含量也明显低于Ｂ类大鼠对照组。本研究还观察到噪声接触４、８Ｗ类反应大鼠接触组大脑皮层中ＣＧＲＰ含量均明显低于各自对照组。接触８Ｗ后,Ａ类反应大鼠接触组血浆中ＣＧＲＰ浓度明显低于Ａ类反应对照组。以下丘脑为主的ＣＧＲＰ含量降低早于血压升高（８Ｗ后升高）,所以它有可能     

噪声作用下大鼠血压反应分型的新方法

目的寻找简便方法来观察动物接噪的个体差异。方法按大鼠接噪〔１００ｄＢ（Ａ）〕０．５ｈ血压和心率的变化,将大鼠分为Ａ、Ｂ两类,再观察接噪〔１０５ｄＢ（Ａ）〕１５周内各类大鼠血压动态变化。结果Ａ类反应大鼠接噪８周后,血压明显高于Ｂ类反应大鼠暴露组,１２,１５周时血压明显高于Ａ类反应大鼠对照组,而Ｂ类反应大鼠在同样条件下未见血压明显变化。结论此分型方法比原来用心电图分型方法简单,更便于观察现场接噪工人的个体差异。     

高血压病与肿瘤坏死因子,一氧化氮及血管活性物质的相 …

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、内皮素（ＥＴ）、神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）、神经降压素（ＮＴ）、降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）在原发性高血压病（ＥＨ）发病中的作用。方法：采用化学比色法及放免法检测了５０例ＥＨ患者及５０例健康者外周血ＴＮＦ、ＮＯ、ＥＴ、ＮＰＹ、ＮＴ及ＣＧＲＰ水平。结果：ＥＨ患者ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ、ＮＰＹ水平明显高于正常人（Ｐ〈０．００１），而ＮＯ、ＮＴ、ＣＧＲＰ水平则低于正常人     

IQ CT阴极输出模块故障维修实例

故障现象机架工作正常,控制台高压ＲＥＡＤＹ灯不能点亮,即高压不能上电。打开机架,在高压控制及输出部分分别发现模拟控制板（ＡＮＡＬＯＧＹＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＬＢＯＡＲＤ）的ＤＳ７灯点亮,提示板上 １５Ｖ控制电源（ １５ＶＳＷＩＴＣＨ）故障;在阴极输出模块（ＣＡＴＨＯＤＯＵＴＰＵＴＭＯＤＵＬＥ）上ＤＳ９灯亮,提示模块 １５Ｖ控制电源（ １５ＶＳＷＩＴＣＨ）故障;在逆变诊断控制板（ＩＮＶＥＲＴＥＲＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＴＩＣＢＯＡＲＤ）上的ＤＳ１５灯点亮,提示板上 １５Ｖ控制电源（ １５ＶＳＷＩＴＣＨ）故障;在系统控制板（ＳＹＳ…     

车间复合噪声对听觉系统的损伤

研究车间复合（脉冲＋稳态）噪声对听觉系统的损伤。将１、２、３组豚鼠（每组１０只）分别暴露于复合噪声〔９５ｄＢ（Ａ）＋１２５ｄＢ（ＳＰＬ峰值）〕、脉冲噪声〔１２６ｄＢ（ＳＰＬ峰值）〕和稳态噪声〔９９．４ｄＢ（Ａ）〕中（３组能量相等）,暴露５天（每天７ｈ）,第４组为对照组。暴露结束后于立即、１天和１０天,测其听力损失（ＮＩＨＬ）。结果显示：复合噪声组（１组）和脉冲噪声组（２组）均产生永久性阈移〔ＰＴＳ,分别为（５．２８±１．８）ｄＢ和（８±０．８５）ｄＢ〕。复合噪声组与脉冲噪声组的渐近线阈移〔ＡＴＳ,分别为（３０．４０±２．１）ｄＢ,（３６．６０±１．４５）ｄＢ〕明显高于稳态噪声组〔（２４．２２±１．２１）ｄＢ〕。提示低于１４０ｄＢ（峰值）时脉冲噪声和复合噪声可能引起比等能量的稳态噪声更高的危害     

高原红细胞增多症患者血浆中内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽水平

内皮素（ＥＴ）和降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）是具有强大缩血管与舒血管作用的活性多肽。其研究已引起广泛关注，但高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）患者血浆ＥＴ、ＣＧＲＰ水平的研究报道很少。我们采用放射免疫测定法观察了１５例ＨＡＰＣ患者血浆ＥＴ与ＣＧＲＰ含量，并...     

镉作业工人尿中NAG同功酶与肾损害的关系

检测我省某矿务局６０名镉（Ｃｄ）作业工人尿中ＮＡＧ及其同功酶的变化。结果发现，在无肾损害及轻度肾损害的Ｃｄ作业工人中，尿ＮＡＧ及同功酶未出现明显变化；在重度肾损害的Ｃｄ作业工人中，尿中ＮＡＧ及同功酶均明显地高于对照组，而且尿中ＮＡＧ－Ｂ／ＮＡＧ也明显高于对照组。本调查结果提示，尿中ＮＡＧ及其同功酶是反映Ｃｄ中毒性肾损害的指标，但就其敏感性而言，似并不优于尿蛋白。     

声波除灰器低频噪声对豚鼠组织形态学与生理学指标的影响

在实验室条件下，观察了声波除灰器低频噪声对实验动物的影响。选用健康、耳廓反应灵敏的豚鼠３４只，随机分为４组，其中３组豚鼠暴露于主频为５０Ｈｚ的低频噪声环境，噪声强度分别为８５、９５、１０５ｄＢ（Ａ），每日接噪１．５小时，历时８周；另一组作对照。结果显示：接噪豚鼠的耳蜗及主要脏器的组织形态、听觉脑干电反应阈（ＡＢＲ）、血压和血象等无明显变化，尿香草扁桃酸（ＶＭＡ）含量较对照组明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

8800CT GANTRY停止在HOME位置故障的检修

故障现象：扫描中ＧＡＮＲＹ突然停止在１２：００的位置。手动控制和计算机控制均失灵。ＯＤＣ台上的ＣＲＴ上显示“ＳＴＡＲＴＳＣＡＮＳＥＱＥＢＣＥＥＲ－ＲＯＲ”,“ＳＴＲＳＣＮＣＡＬＬＥＲＲＯＲ”。故障检修与分析：在首先测量床台主电源的工作电压＋２４Ｖ、＋５Ｖ、±１５Ｖ均正常。将功能控制开关置于ＳＥＲＶＩＣＥ档。分别操作ＣＷ、ＣＣＷ。ＦＡＳＴ、ＳＬＯＷ等各个开关,ＧＡＮＴＲＹ均不能动作。退回到“Ｒ”级,调出ＴＡＢＴＥＳＴ软件用计算机指令进行各种操作控制。无论是ＣＷ,ＣＣＷ还是不能动作。证明在硬件控制电…     

苯染毒对大鼠白细胞的氧化损伤及中药保护作用的实验研究

目的 研究苯对大鼠细胞的氧化损伤及中药保护作用。方法 大鼠吸入不同浓度的苯,同时服用不同剂量的归芪煎剂１５天,观察苯对ＷＢＣ计数、ＷＢＣ的丙二醛（ＭＤＡ＿Ｗ）含量、ＷＢＣ膜脂流动性（Ｌ－Ｗ）改变。结果 随着染毒浓度的增加,ＷＢＣ计数降低,而ＭＤＡ－Ｗ含量增多,高剂量组差异明显（Ｐ〈０．０５）,各染毒组Ｌ－Ｗ随着苯浓度升高而逐渐下降（Ｐ〈０．０５）。吸苯同时服用归芪煎剂的大鼠ＷＢＣ计数、ＭＤＡ－Ｗ、     

Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Italy: Age,subtype-specific and vaccine type estimates 2014/15 season

The 2014/15 influenza season in Europe was characterised by the circulation of influenza A(H3N2) viruses with an antigenic and genetic mismatch from the vaccine strain A/Texas/50/2012(H3N2) recommended for the Northern hemisphere for the 2014/15 season. Italy, differently from other EU countries where most of the subtyped influenza A viruses were H3N2, experienced a 2014/15 season characterized by an extended circulation of two influenza viruses: A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), that both contributed substantially to morbidity.Within the context of the existing National sentinel influenza surveillance system (InfluNet) a test-negative case-control study was established in order to produce vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates. The point estimates VE were adjusted by age group (<5; 5–15; 15–64; 65+ years), the presence of at least one chronic condition, target group for vaccination and need help for walking or bathing. In Italy, adjusted estimates of the 2014/15 seasonal influenza VE against medically attended influenza-like illness (ILI) laboratory-confirmed as influenza for all age groups were 6.0% (95%CI: −36.5 to 35.2%), 43.6% (95%CI: −3.7 to 69.3%), −84.5% (95%CI: (−190.4 to −17.2%) and 50.7% (95% CI: −2.5 to 76.3%) against any influenza virus, A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B, respectively. These results suggest evidence of good VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses in Italy and evidence of lack of VE against A(H3N2) virus due to antigenic and genetic mismatch between circulating A(H3N2) and the respective 2014/15 vaccine strain.     

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15B polysaccharide conjugate elicits a cross-functional immune response against serotype 15C but not 15A

Protection conferred by pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is associated with PCV-induced antibodies against vaccine-covered serotypes that exhibit functional opsonophagocytic activity (OPA). Structural similarity between capsular polysaccharides of closely related serotypes may result in induction of cross-reactive antibodies with or without a cross-functional activity against a serotype not covered by a PCV, with the former providing an additional protective clinical benefit. Serotypes 15B, 15A, and 15C, in the serogroup 15, are among the most prevalent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes associated with invasive pneumococcal disease following the implementation of a 13-valent PCV; in addition, 15B contributes significantly to acute otitis media. Serological discrimination between closely related serotypes such as 15B and 15C is complicated; here, we implemented an algorithm to quickly differentiate 15B from its closely related serotypes 15C and 15A directly from whole-genome sequencing data. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations of serotypes 15A, 15B, and 15C polysaccharides demonstrated that while 15B and 15C polysaccharides assume rigid branched conformation, 15A polysaccharide assumes a flexible linear conformation. A serotype 15B conjugate, included in a 20-valent PCV (PCV20), induced cross-functional OPA serum antibody responses against the structurally similar serotype 15C but not against serotype 15A, both not included in PCV20. In PCV20-vaccinated adults (18–49 years), robust OPA antibody titers were detected against both serotypes 15B (the geometric mean titer [GMT] of 19,334) and 15C (GMTs of 1692 and 2747 for strains PFE344340 and PFE1160, respectively), but were negligible against serotype 15A (GMTs of 10 and 30 for strains PFE593551 and PFE647449, respectively). Cross-functional 15B/C responses were also confirmed using sera from a larger group of older adults (60–64 years).     

Safety,tolerability, and immunogenicity of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthy adults

BackgroundPneumococcal disease remains an important health priority despite successful implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in infant immunization programs, mainly due to the emergence of diseases caused by serotypes not included in licensed PCVs. A 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-15) containing the 7 serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) included in licensed PCV-7 available at study initiation plus 8 additional serotypes (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F, 19A, 22F, 33F) was developed and evaluated in healthy adults 18–45 years of age.MethodsSixty subjects received one dose of PCV-15 or PCV-7. Injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were collected for 14-days postvaccination and serious AEs were collected for 30-days postvaccination. Safety laboratory tests (hematology, chemistry, and urinalysis) were evaluated prior to vaccination and 14-days postvaccination. Serotype-specific IgG and opsonophagocytic killing activity (OPA) responses to 15 serotypes included in PCV-15 were measured immediately prior to vaccination and 30-days postvaccination.ResultsAE incidences were comparable between vaccine groups although numerically higher frequencies of erythema (33.3% versus 13.3%), swelling (50.0% versus 23.3%), and myalgia (63.3% versus 36.7%) were reported among PCV-15 versus PCV-7 recipients. Majority of AEs, irrespective of vaccine received, were transient and of mild-to-moderate intensity. No clinically significant differences were observed when comparing AE duration and severity. No laboratory abnormalities, vaccine-related SAEs or discontinuations from the study due to AEs were reported. IgG concentrations for the shared serotypes substantially increased postvaccination at comparable levels between recipients of PCV-15 and PCV-7. Substantial increases in antibody (IgG and OPA) responses to 8 serotypes unique to PCV-15 were observed in PCV-15 recipients. Slight increases to 2 serotypes unique to PCV-15, serotypes 6A and 19A, were also noted in PCV-7 recipients.ConclusionPCV-15 displays an acceptable safety profile and induces IgG and OPA responses to all serotypes included in the vaccine.     

Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Associated with Death,South Africa, 2012–2018

The Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide capsule plays a role in disease severity. We assessed the association of serotype with case-fatality ratio (CFR) in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and meningitis in South Africa, 2012–2018 (vaccine era), using multivariable logistic regression by manual backward elimination. The most common serotypes causing IPD were 8 and 19A. In patients <15 years of age, serotypes associated with increased CFR in IPD, compared with serotype 8 and controlling for confounding factors, were 11A, 13, 19F, 15A, and 6A. None of these serotypes were associated with increased CFR in meningitis. Among IPD patients >15 years of age, serotype 15B/C was associated with increased CFR. Among meningitis patients of all ages, serotype 1 was associated with increased CFR. PCV13 serotypes 1, 3, 6A, 19A, and 19F should be monitored, and serotypes 8, 12F, 15A, and 15B/C should be considered for inclusion in vaccines to reduce deaths caused by S. pneumoniae.     

Emotional Distress,Medical Utilization,and Disability Claims in Adult Refugees

The refugee health screener-15 (RHS-15) is utilized as a diagnostic proxy for common mental disorders in refugees. Studies are needed to determine its clinical and social utility. A retrospective chart analysis of adult refugees compared RHS-15 scores to utilization of medical services and presence of disability claims. Refugees with negative, positive, and highly positive RHS-15 scores attended 3.1, 4.4, and 5.7 mean primary care visits and 1.6, 2.8, and 4.4 mean non-primary care visits, respectively (p?<?.000). The 11% (43/392) claiming disability were 5.1 times more likely to have a positive RHS-15 (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1–8.8). A positive RHS-15 was not predictive of a disability claim (19% PPV), and those with a negative RHS-15 were unlikely to claim disability (96% NPV). The RHS-15 score correlates with visit utilization. A positive score is not predictive of a subsequent disability claim.     

HLA and response to booster hepatitis B vaccination in anti-HBs-seronegative adolescents who had received primary infantile vaccination

To explore contemporarily genetic and non-genetic determinants of long-term immunological memory to hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, we conducted a case-control study nested in an adolescent cohort of booster recipients who had received primary infantile HB vaccination but with residual anti-HBs titers <10 mIU/mL at 15-18 years of age. High-resolution phenotypes of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, and -DRB1 loci were determined by sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization. After controlling for pre-booster anti-HBs levels, the absences of HLA-A*02 and -DRB1*08, simply expressed as A*02(-) and -DRB1*08(-), and the presence of B*15 were significantly associated with elevated risks of non-response (post-booster anti-HBs titers<10 mIU/mL) to booster vaccination. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 3.85 (CI, 1.82-8.33), 4.55 (CI, 1.23-16.67), 3.59 (CI, 1.40-9.17), respectively. There was multiplicative synergism between A*02 and B*15 on the risk of non-response to booster vaccination. The multivariate-adjusted ORs for A*02(-)/B*15, A*02(-)/B*15(-), A*02/B*15, and A*02/B*15(-) haplotypes were 20.39 (p=0.0003), 3.29 (p=0.007), 1.32 (p>0.05), and 1.0, respectively. Recent cigarette smoking and/or betel-quid chewing was associated with a 12-fold risk of non-response to booster vaccination. Further comparisons between responders and adolescents who had undetectable post-booster anti-HBs titers (<0.1 mIU/mL) demonstrated similar results. Our results indicated that response to booster HB vaccination as well as long-term immunological responses to HB vaccination are closely related with host genetic factors, and probably modified by recent substance use.     

Safety and immunogenicity of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) in healthy infants

BackgroundPediatric use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) has been associated with significant decrease in disease burden. However, disease caused by non-vaccine serotypes has increased. Safety and immunogenicity of 15-valent PCV (PCV15) containing serotypes included in 13-valent PCV (PCV13) plus serotypes 22F and 33F were evaluated in infants (NCT01215188).MethodsInfants received adjuvanted PCV15, nonadjuvanted PCV15, or PCV13 at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15 months of age. Safety was monitored for 14 days after each dose. Serotype-specific IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) were measured at postdose-3, predose-4, and postdose-4.ResultsSafety profiles were comparable across vaccination groups. At postdose-3, both PCV15 formulations were non-inferior to PCV13 for 10 of 13 shared serotypes but failed non-inferiority for 3 serotypes (6A, 6B, and 19A) based on proportion of subjects achieving IgG GMC ≥0.35 µg/mL. Adjuvanted PCV15 and nonadjuvanted PCV15 were non-inferior to PCV13 for 11 and 8 shared serotypes, respectively, based on postdose 3 comparisons of GMC ratios. PCV15 induced higher antibodies to serotypes 3, 22F, and 33F than PCV13.ConclusionsPCV15 displayed acceptable safety profile and induced IgG and OPA to all 15 vaccine serotypes at levels comparable to PCV13 for 10 of 13 shared serotypes.Study identification: V114-003.CLINICALTRIALS.GOV identifier: NCT01215188.     

Serotypes,antimicrobial susceptibility,and molecular epidemiology of invasive and non-invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in paediatric patients after the introduction of 13-valent conjugate vaccine in a nationwide surveillance study conducted in Japan in 2012–2014

Pneumococcal infection in children is a major public health problem worldwide, including in Japan. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7 (PCV7) was licensed for use in Japan in 2010 followed by PCV13 in 2013. This report includes the results of a nationwide surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-IPD in paediatric patients from January 2012 to December 2014. We collected 343 isolates from 337 IPD patients and 286 isolates from 278 non-IPD patients. Of the IPD isolates, the most identified serotypes included 19A, 24F, and 15A. The prevalence of non-PCV13 serotype isolates increased significantly from 2012 to 2014 (51.6–71.4%, p = 0.004). Serotypes 19A, 15A and 35B were highly non-susceptible to penicillin, and the rates of non-susceptible isolates from IPD patients to penicillin and cefotaxime significantly declined during the study period (p = 0.029 and p = 0.013, respectively). The non-susceptible rate to meropenem increased, particularly for serotype 15A. The IPD isolates comprised clonal complex (CC) 3111 (93.8% was serotype 19A) followed by CC2572 (81.5% was serotype 24F) and CC63 (97.1% was serotype 15A). CC3111, CC63 and CC156 (33.3% was serotype 23A, 28.6% was serotype 6B, and 14.3% was serotype 19A) were highly non-susceptible to penicillin. Of the non-IPD isolates, the most identified serotypes included 19A, 15A, and 3. In conclusion, the introduction of PCV7 and PCV13 resulted in increasing non-PCV13 serotypes and clones, including antimicrobial resistant serotypes 15A and CC63 (Sweden^15A-25 clone).     

Positron emission tomography: radioisotope and radiopharmaceutical production

A Centre for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been operational within the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre (A&RMC) in Melbourne for seven years. PET is a non-invasive imaging technique based on the use of biologically relevant compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18. The basic facility consists of a medical cyclotron (10 MeV proton & 5 MeV deuteron), six lead-shielded hotcells with associated radiochemistry facilities, radiopharmacy and a whole body PET scanner. A strong radiolabelling development program, including the production of 15O-oxygen, 15O-carbon monoxide, 15O-carbon dioxide, 15O-water, 13N-ammonia, 18F-FDG, 18F-FMISO, 11C-SCH23390 and 11C-flumazenil has been pursued to support an ambitious clinical and research program in neurology, oncology, cardiology and psychiatry.     

停止暴露后铅染毒小鼠铅负荷的恢复状况研究

目的 观察终止染铅对铅中毒小鼠各项生物学指标的影响。 方法 将4~6周龄清结级雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组、染铅15 d A组、染铅30 d B组、染铅15 d排铅15 d C组,染铅途径为自由饮用经酸化处理的1.0 g/L三水合乙酸铅水溶液。限制小鼠日粮,分别在15 d和30 d检测小鼠血铅、骨铅及锌原卟啉水平。 结果 在各时间节点,各组小鼠体质量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验结束后,各组锌原卟啉水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组小鼠血铅水平为(435.73 ±89.46)μg/L,B组为(445.82 ±138.49)μg/L,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两组均显著高于经排铅的C组血铅水平(149.34 ±27.66)μg/L。A组小鼠骨铅水平为(71.34 ±18.72)μg/g,B组小鼠持续染铅30 d后,骨铅上升至(114.72 ±31.52)μg/g,经排铅的C组骨铅水平为(80.63 ±21.39)μg/g,后者与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),B组和A、C组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 结论 持续30 d染铅未导致小鼠血铅进一步升高。血铅是铅中毒小鼠脱离铅暴露环境的敏感指标。