多房囊性肾细胞癌诊治体会(附14例报告)

目的:加深对多房囊性肾细胞癌(MCRCC)的认识,提高术前诊断准确率并选择合适的治疗方法。方法:对我院2012年1月~2014年12月间14例囊性肾占位患者的临床表现、影像学、病理学及手术方式等临床资料进行研究与分析。结果:本研究共14例,男12例,女2例,年龄31~75岁。7例术前术后均诊断囊性肾癌,5例行肾部分切除术,2例行根治性肾切除。2例术前诊断为复杂性肾囊肿,行去顶减压术后病理结果为肾囊性透明细胞癌,1例术前诊断为双肾下极肾癌,术后病理结果为左肾透明细胞癌伴局部囊性透明细胞癌,右肾透明细胞癌;1例术前诊断为左肾多发囊肿,术后病理证实为囊性腺瘤,1例术前诊断囊性肾癌,术后病理结果为肾囊肿;1例术前诊断为双侧多囊肾伴部分囊壁钙化,术后病理为双侧多囊肾伴左肾乳头状肾细胞癌;1例术前诊断双侧多囊肾伴右肾下极占位,术后病理结果为右肾下极占位为囊性肾乳头状肾细胞癌伴有囊性肾透明细胞癌;14例患者术后随访3~12个月均未发现肿瘤复发。结论:MCRCC术前影像学容易误诊,最好的选择是保留肾单位手术,以尽量多保留肾功能以改善整体预后。     

马蹄形肾并发肾类癌1例

患者 ,男 ,43岁。因右腰部钝痛 2个月 ,左脑额叶转移性肿瘤切除术后 1个月入院。 CT显示双肾下极皮质相连 ,右肾增大 ,上中部有 8cm× 9cm囊实性占位性病变 ,其内见钙化 ;腹膜后淋巴结增大 ,增强后密度略低于正常肾组织。静脉肾盂造影示马蹄形肾 ,右肾显影差 ,集合系统受压。临床诊断为马蹄形肾并发肾癌 ,腹膜后淋巴结转移。术中见肿瘤位于马蹄形肾右中上部 ,直径约 8cm,假包膜完整 ,肾门处淋巴结增大 ,肾下极肾实质相连 ,右侧肾有两支肾动脉及静脉。阻断此血管后将肿瘤完整切除 ,并行淋巴结清扫术。病理检查诊断为肾类癌 ,伴环死、囊性变…     

前列腺癌伴肾细胞癌内转移1例报告

前列腺癌肾转移极罕见。本文报道1例前列腺癌伴肾癌内转移患者的临床特征和诊治经过。患者, 67岁。因腰背疼痛3个月, 加重伴发热2周于2018年6月就诊, 病理诊断为前列腺腺癌伴骨转移, Gleason评分4+4分, T2N0M1期。腹部CT检查示右肾下极肿物, 约3.0 cm×2.5 cm×2.5 cm, 动脉期明显强化, 考虑右肾癌。行右肾部分切除术。术后病理检查示肾透明细胞癌Ⅱ级, 肾癌组织内见多个小灶前列腺腺泡细胞癌浸润。术后诊断:转移性前列腺癌, 右肾透明细胞癌。术后影像学随访18个月未见右肾肿瘤复发。患者的前列腺癌予药物去势和醋酸阿比特龙治疗, 治疗6个月后出现PSA进展, 先后予多西他赛化疗、锶89治疗, 效果欠佳, 随访至第30个月患者因恶液质死亡。     

多向分化肾细胞癌1例报告

肾癌伴多向分化及多种成分临床罕见, 恶性程度高、早期可发生转移, 预后差。我们收治的1例多向分化肾细胞癌患者, CT检查示右肾下极6.5 cm×6.0 cm软组织肿物影, 增强扫描后肿物明显不均匀强化, 内部伴有液化坏死。胸CT检查示纵膈多发淋巴结肿大, 同时伴右锁骨上淋巴结肿大。全麻下行后腹腔镜右肾切除术+右锁骨上淋巴结活检术。术后病理示多向分化肾细胞癌, 局部肉瘤样变, 其中可见透明细胞癌、集合管样癌、髓样癌, 伴右锁骨上淋巴结转移。术后1个月开始行舒尼替尼靶向治疗, 术后6个月出现肝及肺转移, 术后12个月死于多器官功能衰竭。     

肾脏原发性毛细血管母细胞瘤一例

患者女,55岁,因“右侧腰酸1年余伴上腹痛10 d”于2009年10月19日人院.入院体检:生命体征平稳,未见明显阳性体征.B超检查示“右肾下极实质内可见3.5 cm ×3.0 cm囊实性团块,以实性为主,边界尚清楚,实性部分内可见少许血流信号”.腹部CT示“右肾下极稍低密度圆形软组织肿块影,直径约3.0cm,增强后周边呈环状强化,内可见结节状明显强化影,静脉期呈稍低密度强化(图1).诊断:右肾占位,肾透明细胞癌首先考虑.”经完善术前准备,于2009年10月23 日行全麻下右肾部分切除,术中见右肾下极肿瘤,4 cm×3 cm大小,包膜完整.     

孤立肾部分切除后肾功能正常5年1例报告

病例 患者周某某,男,78岁,离休干部.既往有高血压病史20余年,糖尿病病史8年.7年前出现腰痛、血尿等症状,CT检查提示左肾肾癌,在我院于1997年6月行左肾切除术,2年后体检复查又发现右肾下极见到一实质性肿瘤,遂转往上海某医院就诊,核医学影像诊断报告肾图提示:左肾切除,右肾功能低下,GFR=24.19 ml/min,B超及MR示右肾下极见一实质性肿瘤,约22 mm×23 mm左右,肝胆胰脾未见异常,腹膜后淋巴结未见肿大,腹主动脉旁、锁骨上未见肿大淋巴结,于2000年1月3日在全麻下行右肾部分切除术,切除肾组织约1/3左右,病理提示:右肾下极透明细胞癌,穿透肾包膜达周围脂肪、组织.术后肾功能正常,一般情况好出院.     

von Hippel-Lindau综合征外科治疗

目的 探讨von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)综合征的外科治疗方法.方法 VHL综合征患者4例.例1,男,56岁.主诉乏力、心悸2 d.空腹血糖2.37 mmol/L.CT检查示左肾上、下极3个肿块,直径分别为8.0、7.0、4.0 cm.10年前行脑血管母细胞瘤切除术.例2,女,57岁.主诉左腰痛不适1个月.CT检查示左肾上腺、左肾、胰体肿物,直径分别为2.7、4.5、2.1 cm.例3,女,39岁.查体发现左肾上腺占位1个月.CT检查示左肾上腺3.0 cm×4.0 cm实性占位,增强后肿块明显强化.既往有小脑、脊髓血管母细胞瘤及双侧肾癌手术史.例4,女,41岁.B超发现双肾肿瘤1个月入院.CT检查示左肾、左肾上腺、右肾、胰腺肿物,直径分别为4.0、3.0、1.5、2.0 cm.1个月前行y刀治疗多发脑部肿瘤.结果 4例均手术治疗.例1行左肾根治性切除术,病理报告肾血管周细胞瘤,随访6个月右肾未见异常.例2行左肾、左肾上腺、胰体尾及脾切除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺切除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘除术,避免肾上腺全切术.腹部多器官肿瘤一期手术安全可行. 理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺 除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘除术,避免肾上腺全切术.腹部多器官肿瘤一期手术安全可行. 理报告肾透明细胞癌、胰岛细胞瘤、肾上腺囊肿,随访3个月MRI检查发现脊髓肿瘤.例3行左肾上腺肿瘤摘除术,病理报告嗜铬细胞瘤,随访2年未见肿瘤复发.例4行左肾、左肾上腺 除,病理报告肾透明细胞癌、肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,3周后剜除右肾肿瘤,病理报告透明细胞癌,随访1年肿瘤未复发.结论 VHL可并发多器官肿瘤,较大中枢神经系统肿瘤可手术切除,多发较小的实性肿瘤可放疗.直径<3cm肾癌可密切随访、择期处理;直径>3cm肾癌首选保留肾单位手术.肾上腺肿瘤首选腺瘤摘     

肾癌附睾转移一例报告

患者，男，50岁。左肾癌根治术后2年，发现左阴囊内肿块于2005年4月入院。患者3年前因左腰部酸痛伴全程肉眼血尿入院，B超示左肾实质性肿瘤，腹主动脉旁未见淋巴结肿大。CT示左肾巨大占位，直径约10cm。行左肾肿瘤根治性切除术。术后病理示：肾透明细胞癌，累及肾盂，未侵犯肾包膜，肾门处血管未见癌浸润，肾门及腹主动脉旁淋巴结未见转移，肾盂未见癌浸润。S-100蛋白、p21单克隆抗体、癌胚抗原（＋），增殖细胞核抗原60％（＋），p53单克隆抗体、波形蛋白（-）。术后未进行其他辅助治疗。     

亲属活体供肾小肾癌切除后肾移植一例并文献复习

目的总结亲属活体供肾小肾癌切除后肾移植相关要点和经验。方法回顾性分析2016年1月复旦大学附属中山医院1例亲属活体供肾小肾癌切除后肾移植的临床资料及术后转归。供者为受者母亲,供肾切取术前CT血管造影示右肾下极有一16 mm×15 mm类圆形病灶,考虑右肾小肾癌。经腰十一肋下小切口开放切取供者右肾,供肾切取后进行灌注冲洗,灌注满意后完整切除肿瘤并缝合创面,切除的肿瘤送术中冰冻病理检查,确定无边缘累及后行肾移植术。结果供肾小肾癌术后病理诊断为透明细胞癌,癌组织未侵犯肾被膜。供、受者术后均恢复良好,分别于术后第7、10天出院。受者术中移植肾血流开放前和术后第4天分别应用巴利昔单抗进行诱导治疗,术后3个月内免疫抑制方案为他克莫司+吗替麦考酚酯+醋酸泼尼松,3个月后将他克莫司调整为雷帕霉素。受者术后接受常规随访检查,同时每月接受移植肾彩超检查。截至2016年7月已随访6个月,随访期间移植肾彩超检查未见移植肾占位性病变,移植肾功能稳定。结论通过严格的供肾肿瘤评估及病理学确认,供肾小肾癌切除后可以行活体肾移植,且临床疗效和安全性较好,可作为扩大供肾来源的一种有效途径。     

肾原发性神经内分泌癌一例报告

患者,男,55岁.因右腰部酸痛1周入院.B超检查示右肾失去正常形态,右肾下极7.9 cm×8.2 cm中低回声区.CT检查示右肾下极见直径9.0 cm类圆形实质占位灶,密度较均匀,平扫CT值39 HU,增强后不均匀强化,CT值84HU,双侧肾盂未见扩张,肾血管无特殊,后腹膜未见肿大的淋巴结,考虑右肾癌.全麻下行右肾癌根治术.     

A case of renal cell carcinoma with heterotopic bone formation

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma with heterotopic bone formation in a 28-year old woman. The patient was referred to our hospital with a complaint of left lumbargo. Laboratory data were within normal limits. Radiography (KUB) suggested a calcification in the left kidney and abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan confirmed the presence of a renal mass which contained a calcification. Selective renal angiography revealed a hypervascular (microaneurysm-like change) tumor at the lower part of the kidney. Left nephrectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma with heterotopic bone formation (clear cell carcinoma, G1 > G2, pT1b). There has been neither metastasis nor any recurrence during the 7 months since her operation.     

Two cases of renal cell carcinoma accompanied with ossification]

We report two cases of renal cell carcinoma accompanied with ossification. Case 1: A 40-year-old male visited a physician with the complaint of epigastric pain. Examination of the stomach revealed compression of the greater curvature. Abdominal radiography and CT scan revealed a left renal mass with calcification, which was a hypovascular tumor on angiography. A transperitoneal left nephrectomy was performed. The resected kidney was 700g in weight and the tumor, which was 12 x 10 x 10 cm in size and located in the upper pole of the kidney, was enveloped with a hard capsule and was extensively necrotized. Histopathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma (papillary type, mixed subtype). Case 2: A 69-year-old female was occasionally pointed out to have a left renal mass in ultrasonic examination. It was accompanied with calcification in CT scan and a hypervascular tumor in angiography. A transperitoneal left nephrectomy was performed. The resected kidney was 320 g in weight and the tumor located in the lower pole of the kidney, was 6 x 6 x 6 cm in size and necrotized. Histopathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma (alveolar type, clear cell subtype). Microscopically in both cases, ossified tissue existed among the fibrous tissue in the necrotized lesion of the tumor, but not near the cancer cells and, it was accompanied by calcification. During the ossification process, the connective tissue proliferates after the necrosis of the tumor, and metaplasia occurred from its juvenile plastic cells to osteoblastic cells.     

Bilateral renal cell carcinoma associated with polycystic kidney disease: case report and literature review

A 56-year-old Japanese man consulted a urologist because of urethral bleeding. He had been undergoing hemodialysis for the past 15 years due to polycystic kidney disease. Computed tomography revealed an irregular cyst wall in the left kidney. Since a neoplasm could not be ruled out, we removed the left kidney, by laparoscopic radical nephrectomy after obtaining the patient's consent. Histopathologic diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma. Fourteen months after the operation, urethral bleeding recurred. Further examination of the bladder and the urethra revealed no significant abnormalities. The patient insisted on right nephrectomy. Therefore, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathologic diagnosis was also renal cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma in patients with end-stage renal disease is fairly common and is associated with acquired cystic kidney disease. However, renal cell carcinoma associated with polycystic kidney disease is extremely rare.     

Renal oncocytoma with synchronous contralateral renal cell carcinoma

A 60-year-old male was admitted with bilateral renal masses with a diameter of 50 mm (right kidney), and 15 mm (left kidney) found incidentally by computed tomography. Renal angiography demonstrated neovascularization in the lower pole of the right kidney, but no remarkable findings in the left kidney. We could not deny the possibility of bilateral renal cell carcinoma. Right radical nephrectomy and left partial nephrectomy were performed. The histopathological finding revealed diagnosis of right papillary renal cell carcinoma and left oncocytoma. To our knowledge, this is the third case of renal oncocytoma with synchronous contralateral renal cell carcinoma reported in Japan.     

A case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the ovary

A 52-year-old woman had a pathological fracture of the right femur. On histopathological examination bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma was suspected. Abdominal computed tomography showed a heterogeneous mass (9.1 x 7.8 x 6.5 cm) in the left kidney and a cystic multilocular mass (12 x 10 cm) in the pelvis. Bone scintigraphy revealed an abnormal uptake in the left coracoid process, right third rib, and right distal femur and proximal tibia. Clinical diagnosis was left renal cancer with multiple bone metastases (cT2NOM1, stage IV) and a right ovarian tumor. We performed left radical nephrectomy and resection of right ovarian tumor by bilateral adnexectomy. On histopathological examination, the left kidney tumor was diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma with chromophobe component, G2 > G1). The ovarian tumor consisted of carcinoma of clear cell type (G2) that resembled components of left renal cell carcinoma, confirming the diagnosis of metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma to the ovary. Although she underwent immunotherapy with interferon, she died 10 months after nephrectomy. Metastasis to the ovary from renal clear cell carcinoma is very rare and only 18 cases have been reported in the literature. This rarity may be related to the difficulty of differential diagnosis between metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the ovary and primary ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Elaborate analysis of microscopic features and immunohistochemical profiles may help in the distinction of this metastatic lesion.     

A case of renal pelvic tumor with heterotopic bone formation

The patient was a 74-year-old man who was referred to our hospital with a complaint of left flank pain. Laboratory data were almost within normal limits and urine cytology was positive. X-ray examination revealed a calcification in the left kidney and abdominal CT scan confirmed the presence of a heterogenous renal pelvic mass which contained a calcification. Based on these examinations, a diagnosis of a renal pelvic cancer with heterotopic bone formation was made. Subsequently, left nephroureterectomy was performed. Grossly, the renal pelvis of the resected kidney was filled with a mass which had a white cut surface and bone-like tendency. Histopathologically, a poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma with massive bone formation was found. Fifty five cases of heterotopic bone formation in the kidney have been reported in Japan. Among the cases, 4 cases were complicated with renal pelvic tumor and our case was the second case of heterotopic bone formation complicated with a transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in Japan.     

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the kidney

A 61-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of an incidental mass found on the right kidney. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a 3-cm tumor with calcification and peripheral enhancement. Under the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, a transabdominal right radical nephrectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the kidney. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during a 6-year follow up. Primary renal chondrosarcoma is extremely rare, this being only the fifth case reported in the English literature, and the patient's extended survival is attributed to the small size of the tumor, as well as early diagnosis and treatment.     

Two cases of renal cell carcinoma arising in the native kidney following renal transplantation--clinical study and review of 26 cases reported in Japan

Renal transplant recipients have an increased risk of developing malignancies due to long-term immunosuppression. Two cases of renal cell carcinoma arising from the native kidney following renal transplantation are reported. Case 1; A 60-year-old man underwent cadaveric renal transplantation on July 31, 1995. He had resumed hemodialysis because of graft failure on June 5, 2000. He was referred to our hospital with macroscopic hematuria on March, 2002. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a right renal mass of about 3.0 cm in diameter with bilateral acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK). The radical nephrectomy was performed. Case 2; A 55-year-old man underwent cadaveric renal transplantation on November 15, 1996. He had resumed hemodialysis because of graft failure on June 5, 1996. A left renal mass measuring 3.0 cm in diameter as well as bilateral ACDK were found by CT on July, 2002. Left radical nephrectomy was performed. The histological diagnosis of both renal tumors was renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type, G2, pT1a. Fifty-six renal transplantations (48 were renal allografts from cadavers, while 8 were from living donors) were performed in our hospital from 1980 to 2002. Two patients (3.6%) developed renal cell carcinoma after transplantations. We also discuss a clinical study and review of 26 cases reported in Japan. Since the incidence of malignant neoplasia is high, CT and ultrasonography should be performed routinely on the patients with renal transplantation.     

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: a case report

A 75-year-old male presented to our hospital with a complaint of macroscopic hematuria. Laboratory examinations in peripheral blood showed slight anemia and the increase of acute phase reactants (c-reactive protein, immunosuppressive acidic protein, alpha 2-globulin). Abdominal enhanced computerized tomography revealed a huge tumor with calcification at the upper pole of the right kidney. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a low intensity mass at the upper portion of the right kidney on T2-weighted sequences. The right radical nephrectomy was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma because of positive immunohistochemical staining for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin. Because sarcomatoid type has a highly malignant behavior and poor prognosis among renal cell carcinomas, an adjuvant treatment which is effective in controlling the disease is awaited.     

重复肾合并肾癌肾积水1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨重复肾合并肾癌肾积水的诊断和治疗,提高罕见病例的诊疗水平。方法回顾我院收治的1例重复肾合并肾癌肾积水患者的临床资料,结合文献讨论该病的临床特点以及诊断、治疗方法。结果患者明确诊断后行经腹左肾癌根治术,术后病理提示透明细胞癌伴淋巴结转移,给予辅助靶向治疗,随访6个月未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论重复肾合并肾癌肾积水临床上较为罕见,且影像学诊断容易误诊,CT尿路成像技术(CTU)应该成为诊断的首选。手术是首要治疗方法,一般认为早期确诊及治疗对疾病的预后有较大作用。