非清洁易折型安瓿消毒与不消毒的生物实验研究

目的观察非清洁易折型安瓿折断时不消毒药液有无细菌生长。方法将60支非清洁易折型2mL维生素C注射液随机分为实验组和对照组,各30支。实验组不消毒安瓿直接折断,对照组先消毒安瓿后再用安瓿折断器折断;两组均抽取药液行72h细菌培养。结果两组药液细菌培养均无细菌生长。结论非清洁易折型安瓿折断时不消毒药液无细菌生长,不影响用药安全。     

转动式安瓿折断开启吸药操作装置的研制及应用

为解决玻璃安瓿开启、吸药不便以及造成护士职业伤害的问题.研制了快速折断玻璃安瓿颈和旋转式抽吸药液为一体的操作装置.该装置由底座、旋转架、折断器和外罩组成.通过握住固定手柄和旋转手柄使折断器快速旋转1周,即能快速一次性折断上、中、下三层的大中小安瓿各10支;用双手控制注射器转动该装置抽吸药液.该装置具有安全、快速、不污染、吸药彻底的优点.     

转动式安瓿折断开启吸药操作装置的研制及应用

为解决玻璃安瓿开启、吸药不便以及造成护士职业伤害的问题，研制了快速折断玻璃安瓿颈和旋转式抽吸药液为一体的操作装置。该装置由底座、旋转架、折断器和外罩组成。通过握住固定手柄和旋转手柄使折断器快速旋转1周，即能快速一次性折断上、中、下三层的大中小安瓿各10支；用双手控制注射器转动该装置抽吸药液。该装置具有安全、快速、不污染、吸药彻底的优点。     

酒精棉签擦拭安瓿的数量与药液微粒及微生物污染量的相关性研究

安瓿开启前消毒颈部是减少引入药液微粒的有效方法[1]。在大规模备药时逐一消毒安瓿耗时费工，为了寻求省时、有效的操作方法，我们就安瓿开启前1根酒精棉签消毒安瓿的数量与引入药液内微粒和微生物的关系进行了实验室研究，现将结果报告如下。1材料2ml注射用水（北京永康制药厂生产，易折型，批号951113），10ml0．90％氯化钠注射液（上海普惠制药厂，易折型，批号950612），4612型0．20m滤过器（GelmarSciences公司，批号4264），ZWF－4型注射微粒分析仪（天津天河医疗仪器中心研制生产），JJ-1300型洁净工作台（北京半导体一厂生产）…     

旋转式安瓿自动折断开启吸药操作装置的临床实验

目的解决玻璃安瓿吸药操作步骤繁琐、速度慢、不安全等问题。方法由同一组护理人员(5人)分别采用自行研制旋转式安瓿自动折断开启吸药操作装置(新装置)及传统方法于1瓶液体中加入20 ml、10 ml、2 ml安瓿共13支,比较两种方法的加药时间、护士加药手疲劳和安瓿损伤手的发生率。结果应用新装置操作法加药时间显著短于传统方法,护士手疲劳和安瓿损伤手的发生率显著低于传统法(均P<0.01)。结论新装置法吸药操作速度快,护士手无疲劳、无损伤,同时保证患者用药安全。     

砂轮护套的制作与应用

易折安瓿的使用给护理工作带来了便利 ,但是 ,部分易折安瓿目前尚未达到易折效果 ,仍需用消毒砂轮补锯一痕迹再折。所使用的砂轮须全部浸泡在消毒液中 ,因受液体侵蚀而损坏较快 ,且每次用手取拿时易致污染。为此 ,我们在砂轮外制作了护套 ,经临床使用效果满意 ,介绍如下。1　材料与制作　　材料 :白色塑料万通板一块 (长 10ｍｍ、宽 6ｍｍ) ,白色塑料棍一根 (其直径小于砂轮中心孔 ) ,砂轮一个。制作 :剪开万通板长度方向约 3/ 4的中间蜂窝状夹层(宽两边各留 3ｍｍ左右 ) ,将砂轮置于万通板夹缝中剪开的部分 (露出砂轮约 1/ 3) ;砂轮中心连…     

不同时段应用他克莫司纳米微球缓释颗粒促进同种异体神经移植再生的实验研究

目的 探讨不同时间段使用他克莫司(FK506)纳米微球在同种异体移植后促进神经的再生作用.方法 采用单乳化-溶剂挥发法(O/W)制备FK506纳米微球,同种异体移植大鼠胫神经.A组术后立即局部应用FK506纳米微球,B组24 h给药,C组3 d后给药,D组不给药;于术后第4、8和12周行移植神经大体观察、组织学检查及有髓纤维图像分析、小腿三头肌湿重测定、荧光素逆行标记神经元、双侧胫神经电生理比较.结果 FK506纳米微球降解快、吸收好.A、B组神经再生效果相似,都明显要比C、D组好,差异有统计学意义;C、D组之间差异也有统计学意义.结论 FK506纳米微球释药速度符合神经损伤后再生规律,局部应用有良好的促进神经再生作用,而且早期(24 h内)给药效果更加明显.     

硫酸软骨素酶ABC对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经中丝和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的影响

目的：探讨硫酸软骨素酶ABC（ChABC）对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经中丝200（NF200）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的影响.方法：SD大鼠72只,雌雄不限,随机分为假手术组（A组）、损伤对照组（B组）和ChABC治疗组（C组）,每组24只.A组仅打开椎板及置管,不损伤脊髓,不给药;C组和B组均采用Allen＇s法制作大鼠T10脊髓损伤模型,分别在伤后即刻和随后每天1次连续1周蛛网膜下腔注射ChABC（6μl/次）和等量生理盐水.术后1d、1周、2周和4周每组各处死6只大鼠,B组和C组以损伤区为中心、A组在相应部位切取1cm长的脊髓组织,以HE染色观察脊髓组织形态变化,应用免疫组化方法检测脊髓组织中NF200和GFAP的变化.结果：HE染色示A组脊髓无胶质细胞增生和胶质瘢痕形成;B、C组脊髓损伤区有胶质细胞增生和胶质瘢痕,C组明显少于B组.A组术后1d、1周、2周和4周时NF200阳性细胞数及灰度值和GFAP染色阳性面积无差异,1、2、4周时B、C组脊髓损伤区NF200染色阳性细胞数及灰度值和GFAP染色阳性面积均较A组显著增加（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,1d和1周时C组NF200染色阳性细胞数及灰度值与B组比较无显著性差异,2周和4周时C组明显高于B组（P＜0.05）;1d、1周和4周时C组GFAP染色阳性面积与B组无显著性差异,2周时C组显著小于B组（P＜0.05）.结论：ChABC能提高大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经细胞内NF200的表达并抑制GFAP的表达,进而促进神经细胞的修复,抑制胶质细胞的增生和胶质瘢痕的形成,对脊髓损伤具有保护作用.     

庆大霉素局部注射治疗女性尿道综合征的临床研究

目的:研究在"女性前列腺"局部注射抗生素对女性尿道综合征的疗效,为其探索一种有效的治疗方法。方法:选择2009年7月至2010年12月在我院门诊就诊的患者,共入选163例。根据就诊顺序前瞻性随机分为A、B、C 3组,A组58例为实验组,B组55例、C组50例为对照组。A、B、C 3组均进行同样的常规治疗,除此之外A、B组同时采取局部注射治疗,A组注射庆大霉素8万单位(2 ml)+2%利多卡因2 ml的混合药液,B组注射生理盐水2 ml+2%利多卡因2 ml的混合药液。注射方法两组完全一致。浸润性注射在尿道后壁尿道旁腺及其周围,每周治疗2次,6次为1疗程。根据患者自主症状评分的改变评定疗效。疗程结束后第2、4周重复症状评分,症状消失为治愈,分值减少>1/2为为显效,分值减少>1/4分为有效,分值减少<1/4或者反增加为无效。结果:疗程结束后第2周症状评分,疗效A组(有效率为77.5%)明显高于B组(有效率为67.3%)和C组(有效率为68.0%),差异有显著性(P<0.05),而B、C组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。疗程结束后第4周复查,A组有效率略有下降,仍然高于B组和C组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:"女性前列腺"局部注射庆大霉素治疗女性尿道综合征有一定效果。     

骨隧道大小对前交叉韧带止点转归的影响

目的 观察前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament, ACL)重建中不同直径骨隧道对移植韧带止点转归的影响.方法 日本大耳兔90只,雌雄不拘,体重2.5～3.0 kg,随机分为3组,每组30只.制备ACL止点转归动物模型,分成移植韧带直径(d)与骨隧道直径(D)之比(d/D)为1/1组(A组)、1/1.5组(B组)和1/2组(C组).观察术后一般情况,并于术后4、8和16周每组处死10只动物,行移植止点大体、组织学观察及最大抗拉力载荷实验.结果 3组动物术后伤口愈合佳.平均双下肢行走时间:A组1.5 d、B组2.0 d及C组3.5 d.大体观察:术后4周,A、B组骨隧道口软组织生长多于C组;8周A、B组骨隧道口已无缝隙,C组无改善;16周A、B组与正常韧带止点相同,C组未形成止点结构.组织学观察:术后4周各组肌腱与骨隧道间充满疏松结缔组织;8周A、B组潮线结构不连续,C组未见潮线样结构;16周A、B组出现连续潮线样结构,C组仍未形成潮线样结构.术后4周,A、B及C组最大抗拉力载荷分别为(75.44±7.06)、(91.37±6.14)和(126.91±4.61)N;8周为(74.31±4.81)、(88.30±7.46)和(124.34±8.44)N;16周为(62.20±5.32)、(71.53±5.99)和(83.62±5.69)N;术后各时间点A、B组间最大抗拉力载荷差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A、B组与C组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 在ACL重建中d/D为1/1.5时,对止点转归无明显影响,但d/D小于此范围将影响移植物止点的转归.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.