精神分裂症患者罹患龋病状况临床调查

目的 探讨长期服用抗精神病药物维持治疗的精神分裂症患者罹患龋病状况,为临床口腔卫生保健工作提供依据.方法 对264例精神分裂症患者罹患龋病及口腔卫生状况进行调查分析.结果 本组患者罹患龋病率为70.8%,其中,患龋齿数1170颗,龋均4.4颗,牙体严重缺损16.07%.男性罹患龋病率为70.72%,女性为72.84%,差异无显著性(χ2=0.228,P＞0.05);无刷牙习惯者高达76.1%,牙石指数4.3,接近世界卫生组织牙周疾病流行程度评价标准的高等级;患龋齿数量与患者服药时间呈显著正相关(R=0.691).结论 长期服用抗精神病药物的精神分裂症患者罹患龋病率高,龋病严重,服药时间与龋齿数呈正相关;临床上要重视患者的口腔卫生问题,做到有效预防,及时治疗口腔疾病,提高口腔健康水平.     

可摘局部义齿与龋病的关系

为了探讨可摘局部义齿与继发龋之间的关系，对80例患者进行5年的随访，通过对戴义齿的时间长短，义齿夜间是否摘除，以及基牙龋坏部位的发生情况等临床观察。结果表明：可摘活动义齿修复后，影响了唾液的自然流动，自洁作用下降，唾液停滞在义齿表面，形成了获得性义齿薄膜，在此基础上，致菌斑形成，继而基牙龋变。     

西安市学龄前儿童口腔卫生和龋病关系的调查

目的了解西安市学龄前儿童龋病流行情况以及龋病与口腔卫生的关系,以指导今后乳牙龋病防治工作。方法随机在西安市抽取5所幼儿园,按统一标准对2307名4～6岁学龄前儿童进行龋病检查及口腔卫生评估。结果被调查者乳牙患龋率为56．4％,龋均（2．35±3．049）,口腔卫生良好者患龋率明显低于口腔卫生差者。结论学龄前儿童仍为龋病高发年龄,口腔卫生和龋齿发病密切相关,需要增强儿童口腔保健意识以达到促进儿童健康成长。     

某些儿童疾病与龋病发病的关系及防治的临床研究

目的　了解某些儿童疾病与龋病的关系。方法　对出生时低体重儿 ,以及佝偻病、贫血、反复呼吸道感染等儿童常见疾病患儿龋病的发病及防治进行观察。结果　这些儿童疾病患者的龋病发病率较高。结论　采用氟化物凝胶、窝沟封闭防龋、预防性树脂充填等方法防治是降低上述儿童龋齿发病率的重要措施     

婴幼儿龋病防治的研究进展

婴幼儿龋病是严重危害儿童健康的一种由细菌主导、多因素共同作用的慢性感染性疾病。它与致龋菌定植、饮食喂养习惯、口腔健康行为等密切相关。婴幼儿龋病的防治一直是口腔保健工作的重点,本文就婴幼儿龋病防治措施的最新进展做一综述。     

食物在龋病四联因素中作用的研究

本文对119例龋病的初发部位与年龄的关系及78例成人第二磨牙龋病的初发部位与第三磨牙生长位置关系进行了研究，结果显示：四联因素（即：细菌、食物、时间和宿主）在龋病的形成过程中并非等列。食物在四种因素中可能起着主导作用。提示：在龋病的预防中，如果重视解决食物嵌塞问题，其效果可能较其它方法会更好。     

儿童龋病与元素锌、钙、铁、铅、铜关系的调查与分析

目的 探讨儿童龋病与元素锌、钙、铁、铅、铜的关系。方法 应用能量色散X射线荧光分析技术，对68例3～6岁龋齿儿童头发中的锌（Zn）、钙（Ca）、铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）5种元素含量进行测定并设对照组。结果 龋齿组头发中Zn、Ca、Fe、Cu含量明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），Pb含量高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 龋病与元素锌、钙、铁、铜、铅含量存在一定的关系。     

合肥市孕妇龋病和4种牙体非龋性疾病的调查分析

[目的]调查合肥市孕妇龋病和4种牙体非龋性疾病的患病情况,指导孕妇在龋齿和非龋性疾病方面的口腔保健,提高孕妇口腔保健水平。[方法]采用世界卫生组织所指定的口腔健康调查表格、标准与方法,对合肥市582名孕妇进行龋病4种牙体非龋性疾病状况调查,采用 SPSS12.0软件包对数据进行统计学处理。[结果]582名孕妇中龋齿患病率为57.22%;楔状缺损患病率为34.36%,四环素牙患病率为4.47%,釉质发育不全患病率为1.37%,氟斑牙患病率为8.59%,其中初中以下孕妇患龋率最高为62.43%,且进行龋齿充填率最低为16.49%;孕妇在孕前进行口腔检查或治疗与受教育程度有关。[结论]合肥市孕妇患龋病和牙体硬组织疾病中初中及以下文化程度患病率高于其他受教育程度的同类人群,合肥市孕妇口腔卫生保健工作有待进一步强化。     

儿童龋病的预防与宣传

随着生活水平的提高，儿童乳牙患龋率高，治疗情况差，很多家长以为乳牙早晚要被替换，不需要治疗，再加上乳牙龋病发病速度快，自觉症状不如恒牙明显，往往被家长忽略。     

下颌阻生智齿与第二磨牙远中邻面龋关系的研究

目的 :探讨下颌阻生智齿与第二磨牙远中邻面龋的关系。方法 :收集 35 7例确诊需行下颌阻生智齿拔除术的患者 ,术前设计专门病历 ,摄牙片或下颌曲面体层片加以详细记录 ,应用卡方检验方法处理数据。结果 :(1)随着年龄的增大 ,第二磨牙远中邻面龋发生率越高 ;(2 )下颌阻生智齿阻     

Carisolv化学机械法在乳牙龋去腐的临床应用

目的:比较使用C ariso lv化学机械法和传统机械法在乳牙龋去腐时的工作时间、对局麻的需求。方法:所有样本由患有牙合面龋的儿童乳牙组成,龋损达到牙本质。根据临床标准判断去腐效果,在两种方法中均记录工作时间的长短,是否采用局麻。采用t检验和χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果:采用C ariso lv法的工作时间[(8.4±3.1)m in]长于传统机械法[(2.8±2.3)m in](P<0.001),C ariso lv法减少局麻的使用(P<0.05)。结论:在乳牙去腐时,虽然C ariso lv法工作时间长,但是可以减少局麻的使用。     

6 min步行试验提高老年慢性心力衰竭患者活动耐力的效果评价

目的研究应用6 min步行试验提高老年慢性心力衰竭患者活动耐力的效果。方法将60例患者分为观察组和对照组各30例;对照组采用传统方法根据每分钟心脏射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)为依据制定活动计划,观察组采用依据6 min步行试验结果制定的个体化活动计划对患者进行运动锻炼。结果锻炼3周后观察组较对照组6 min步行试验完成率及6 min步行试验距离差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论应用6min步行试验结果制定运动锻炼计划可较好地提高老年慢性心力衰竭患者的活动耐力。     

恶性血液病细胞中tankyrase表达与端粒酶活性关系研究

为研究以白血病为主的恶性血液病细胞中端粒酶活性正向调控基因tankyrase的表达与端粒酶活性的关系并初步探讨tankyrase对端粒酶活性调控的机理和意义 ,以实时定量RT PCR技术对髓细胞系白血病细胞株K5 6 2 ,HL 6 0 ,U937,NB4 ,THP 1,HEL ,Dami,T淋巴细胞性白血病细胞株 6T CEM ,Jurkat和B细胞淋巴瘤细胞株Raji中tankyrase的表达进行检测 ,同时检测端粒酶逆转录酶hTERT的表达确定端粒酶活性 ,并以经磁珠分离的正常人CD3 ,CD19 和CD33 细胞和 10份正常人骨髓单个核细胞做对照。结果发现 :tankyrase在恶性血液病细胞株中的表达明显高于正常对照 (U =19,P <0 .0 1) ,其中髓系白血病细胞株中的表达高于正常人CD33 细胞 ,T淋巴细胞性白血病细胞株和B细胞淋巴瘤细胞株中的表达分别高于正常人CD3 和CD19 细胞。髓系恶性血液病细胞株tankyrase的表达 (0 .0 0 32± 0 .0 0 10 )明显低于淋系恶性血液病细胞株的表达 (0 .0 12± 0 .0 0 16 ) (F =2 3,P <0 .0 1)。Tankyrase与hTERT的表达呈正相关 (相关系数为 0 .395 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :tankyrase在恶性血液病细胞株中呈高表达 ,与端粒酶活性呈正相关 ,提示tankyrase可能是恶性血液病中端粒酶活性增高的原因之一。     

Caries Management by Risk Assessment vs. Traditional Preventive Strategies: Effect on Oral Health Behaviors and Caries Diagnoses: A Retrospective Case‐Control Observational Design

Results showed patients who had undergone Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) had statistically significant lower plaque scores and improved their oral self‐care behaviors. This study supports existing evidence that the use of caries management by risk assessment appears to offer a preventive approach to oral health care delivery.     

The Safety and Effectiveness of an Er:YAG Laser for Caries Removal and Cavity Preparation in Children

Purpose: The Erbium:YAG laser has been shown to be safe and effective for caries removal and cavity preparation in adults. In this study, we report a prospective parallel controlled randomized multicenter clinical trial of this laser for dental caries removal and cavity preparation in children.Methods: At two separate sites, a total of 124 patients from 4 to 18 years old, having at least one tooth with caries requiring restoration, were randomized for treatment in a 2:1 ratio, laser to conventional dental drill. Caries were removed, the teeth were restored and follow-up evaluations were completed after 3 months. Determination of safe and effective treatment included four criteria: 1) acceptable caries removal, 2) acceptable cavity preparation, 3) pulp vitality, and 4) intact and serviceable restoration.Results: All 42 drill procedures and 81 out of 82 laser procedures were found to be successful in terms of safety and effectiveness. No significant difference in pain reported was found between drill or laser treatments, and no complications or adverse events were reported after treatment or at any other time during the study. Subject satisfaction with treatment procedures as reported was equivalent in the laser and drill groups. The only significant difference found between treatment groups was in the greater use of anesthesia during drilling procedures.Conclusions: The Erbium:YAG laser is safe and effective for both caries removal and cavity preparation in children.     

维持性血液透析患者抑郁状况及其与体力活动的相关性

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）的抑郁状况及其与体力活动的相关性。方法2012年2—6月便利选取西安市4所医院的血液透析患者101例,进行人类活动概况量表（human activity profile,HAP）及Beck抑郁问卷（Beck depression inventory,BDI）的调查。结果MHD患者的抑郁发生率为83．17％;HAP最大活动得分及校正活动得分与BDI得分呈明显负相关（r=-0．43,P％0．01;r=-0．49,P〈0．01）,HAP各维度得分均与BDI得分呈明显负相关（P〈0．01）。结论患者的体力活动状况越好,抑郁程度越轻;因此,护理人员可以通过指导患者进行各种形式的体力活动,帮助其减轻心理负担,提高生活质量。     

微创去腐技术治疗龋齿的临床观察

目的：评价微创技术在龋齿治疗中的去腐效果。方法：选择有龋齿的患者90例（112颗）按门诊就诊顺序随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各45例。试验组用Carisolv（伢典）微创去腐技术去龋,对照组用传统高速牙钻机械去腐备洞,随访18个月,评价治疗过程中的疼痛程度及远期疗效。结果：微创去腐技术治疗的远期效果与传统机械法相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）,但治疗过程中疼痛程度极低。结论：微创去腐技术治疗龋病有去腐效果,该法安全、有效、无痛,有临床应用价值。     

An Artificial Neural Network for Detection of Simulated Dental Caries

Objects A neural network was developed to diagnose artificial dental caries using images from a charged-coupled device (CCD)camera and intra-oral digital radiography. The diagnostic performance of this neural network was evaluated against a gold standard. Materials and methods The neural network design was the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) used to classify a tooth surface as sound or as having dental caries. The depth of the dental caries was indicated on a graphic user interface (GUI) screen developed by Matlab programming. Forty-nine images of both sound and simulated dental caries, derived from a CCD camera and by digital radiography, were used to ‘train’ an artificial neural network. After the ’training’ process, a separate test-set comprising 322 unseen images was evaluated. Tooth sections and microscopic examinations were used to confirm the actual dental caries status.The performance of neural network was evaluated using diagnostic test. Results The sensitivity (95%CI)/specificity (95%CI) of dental caries detection by the CCD camera and digital radiography were 0.77(0.68-0.85)/0.85(0.75-0.92) and 0.81(0.72-0.88)/0.93(0.84-0.97), respectively. The accuracy of caries depth-detection by the CCD camera and digital radiography was 58 and 40%, respectively. Conclusions The model neural network used in this study could be a prototype for caries detection but should be improved for classifying caries depth. Our study suggests an artificial neural network can be trained to make the correct interpretations of dental caries.     

Early Childhood Caries and the Role of the Pediatric Nurse Practitioner

This article addresses issues related to early childhood dental caries (ECC) and the role pediatric nurse practitioners can play in ameliorating symptoms and promoting the oral health of children. ECC is preventable, yet it is one of the most prevalent health conditions children experience in the United States. Before kindergarten, one fourth of US children experience ECC. Factors that contribute to ECC are poor socioeconomic status and lack of parental education, health insurance, and available dentists. PNPs can play a vital role in preventing ECC by incorporating oral health assessment, education, and preventive activities as part of the routine health care surveillance visit.