雅安地区3613例体检人员患病情况调查

目的调查雅安地区机关工作人员和企业一线车间工人肥胖症、高血压及高血脂的患病情况。方法随机抽取本地区机关工作人员1136例和企业一线车间工人（企业管理者不列入此组）2477例的空腹血测定胆固醇和三酰甘油,并同时测量血压、身高、体质量。结果机关组肥胖症、高血压、高血脂平均水平和患病率均明显高于企业一线车间工人,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论肥胖症、高血压、高血脂发病率和人们的运动、体力劳动、饮食习惯、工作性质及思想情绪有密切的关系。     

长沙市5000人群高血压调查

1991年6～7月,历时48天,在长沙市南区抽取5个居委会共5000人进行了高血压调查。现将部分调查结果报道如下。 1 对象及方法 凡年满15周岁以上成人均为此次调查的对象。调查前对工作人员进行为期1周的专业知识学习。具体方法及诊断标准按1979年全国高血压抽样调查方案规定。 2 结果 2.1 高血压患病率 根据5个居委会居民户口册登记,应查人数5650名,实查人数5000名,应答率为88.50％。此次调查男性2446名、女性2554名,查出临界性高血压244人,高血压437人,合计681人,总患病率13.62%。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间发热门诊工作人员手卫生执行情况的调查分析

目的: 调查新冠肺炎疫情期间发热门诊工作人员的手卫生执行情况,提出增强手卫生依从性的对策。方法:选取复旦大学附属金山医院发热门诊的 140 名工作人员为研究对象,调查2020.2.1-2020.5.1疫情期5个不同时刻手卫生执行情况, 并对不同科室、职称、性别工作人员的手卫生依从性进行比较。结果: 140 名工作人员的手卫生平均依从性为 78.29% ,5 个不同时刻手卫生依从性分别为: 接触患者前 80.00% 、进行无菌操作前92.98% 、体液暴露后 95.89% 、接触患者后72.03% 、接触患者周围环境后 50.53% 。比较不同科室、不同性别、不同职称的工作人员手卫生执行率情况有统计学意义。结论: 本次调查发热门诊140 名工作人员总体手卫生依从率较低,管理者应加强对低职称、男性工作人员、除临床一线医护人员岗位外的工作人员手卫生依从性的管理,务必落实工作人员在接触患者前后、接触患者周围环境后的手卫生。     

军队机关人员颈椎病的康复疗法

目的分析军队机关人员颈椎病诱发的原因。方法通过问卷调查的形式,对我部286名机关工作人员进行了调查。结果30～50岁近51%的官兵患有不同程度的颈椎病。结论非手术疗法及运动疗法对治疗军队机关人员颈椎病疗效好。     

甘肃省临夏回族自治州职工血脂、血糖、血压调查状况的回顾性分析

目的对临夏回族自治州机关及企、事业单位体检人员的血压、血脂及血糖检测水平进行回顾分析,初步了解该地区常见慢性病的流行状况,为今后在本地区医疗机构健康宣教及预防和控制慢性病提供科学依据。方法对2014年2月至2015年8月来自临夏回族自治州人民医院健康体检中心的部分机关及企、事业单位体检人员康体检资料进行分析。结果本次调查3 200人中,检出高血压736例,患病率23.0%;高血脂1 546例,检出率48.3%;高血糖299例,检出率9.34%。结论临夏回族自治州高血压、高血糖、高血脂的慢性疾病的发生率均随着年龄的增加而呈上升趋势。     

渭南地区成年人高血压危险因素分析

[目的]分析渭南地区成年人高血压的危险因素。[方法]采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取临渭区、大荔县和富平县5 703名成年人进行调查。[结果]渭南地区高血压标准化患病率为29.95%;单因素分析显示:年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、体重指数和腰围是高血压患病率的影响因素;多因素分析显示:年龄、体重指数、腰围和文化程度是高血压的主要影响因素。[结论]渭南地区成年人高血压患病率较高,应加强健康教育,并针对可控因素采取有针对性的干预措施。     

宁夏吴忠市高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率的调查分析

目的:调查宁夏吴忠市18岁以上人群原发性高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率,评估防治现状,完善防治对策。方法:采用整群随机抽样调查的方法在宁夏吴忠地区进行高血压流行病学调查,对调查对象进行血压测量和相关资料的收集。结果:检出高血压1259例,患病率为23.7%,标化率为19.7%,女性患病率(25.0%)高于男性(22.1%)(P<0.05),城市(25.9%)高于农村(20.2%)(P<0.01),汉族(28.0%)高于回族(20.7%)(P<0.01)。随着年龄的增加,高血压患病率增加明显。高血压知晓率为73.9%,治疗率为63.3%,控制率为20.9%;女性知晓率、治疗率、控制率均高于男性,但仅治疗率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);城市高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率均高于农村(P<0.01);汉族高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率均高于回族(P<0.05)。结论:吴忠市高血压知晓率和治疗率较高,但控制率仍处于较低水平,应继续加强高血压的社区综合防治。     

南昌地区机关工作人员血脂状况调查分析

目的 :研究南昌地区机关工作人员的血脂水平。方法 :甘油三脂 (TG)和胆固醇 (TC)的测定 ,使用Olym pusAU2 70 0全自动生化分析仪 ;对 2 0～ 6 0岁人群的血脂数据按年龄、性别进行分段、分类。结果 :30～ 39岁壮年组、4 0～ 4 9岁中年组和 5 0岁以上的老年组的TG、TC明显高于青年组 (2 0～ 2 9岁 ) (P <0 .0 1) ,而且随着年龄的增长稍有降低 ;各组间TG、TC男性高于女性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :南昌地区被调查的机关中青年男性人群TG、TC水平异常增高 ,其危险年龄已经提前到 30～ 39岁。     

克拉玛依地区脂肪肝发病情况调查

我院在 2 0 0 1年对克拉玛依地区脂肪肝发病情况进行了调查 ,并对脂肪肝与血脂含量的相关性进行分析如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　本地区年龄在 2 0～ 5 9岁之间的石油企业职工及政府机关工作人员 ,总计 5 388人 ,其中男 36 4 0人 ,女 174 8人。1.2　方法　 1随机对调查对象进行检查。 2 B超探查肝脏。 3抽静脉血用日立 70 6 0全自动生化分析仪进行检测 :血清胆固醇 (CHO)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白 (HDL- C)、高密度脂蛋白 (L DL- C)的含量。1.3　诊断标准1.3.1　 B超探查肝脏　肝脏轻度或中度增大或不增大 ,外观饱满圆钝 ,肝…     

深圳市罗湖区机关工作人员华支睾吸虫病感染情况调查

目的调查深圳市罗湖区机关工作人员华支睾吸虫病知识知晓情况和感染现状。方法采用系统抽样方法进行问卷调查,并采血清样本,以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测其华支睾吸虫IgG抗体。结果共调查387例,有15.2%的调查对象喜欢吃生鲜的淡水鱼虾;华支睾吸虫病的知晓率50.4%,感染途径知晓率54.8%,预防知识知晓率31.8%;血清华支睾吸虫IgG抗体阳性者27例,感染率7.0%,其中男性感染率7.4%,女性感染率6.2%,感染率与性别无关(P>0.05)。结论机关工作人员华支睾吸虫病的知晓率较低而危险行为较高,应加大防治该病的宣传力度,提高对该病危害的认识。     

深圳市中高层职业人群腰臀比值、体质指数与高血压危险因素的相关性研究

目的探讨深圳市中高层职业人群腰臀比值、体质指数与肥胖、高脂血症、高血压等危险因素的相关性及流行病学特征.方法对2004年9月～2005年8月深圳市企事业单位中高层职业人群1 515例健康体检者进行身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、血脂等检测,并按腰臀比值、体质指数进行分层分析各组与肥胖、高脂血症、高血压等危险因素的相关性及流行病学特征.结果受检者肥胖患病率为27.9%,超重的患病率为21.6%,中心性肥胖患病率为24.8%.高脂血症的患病率为55.3%（男性：63.9%,女性：39.8%）,高血压患病率为10.7%（男性：13.3%,女性：6.1%）.中心性肥胖组（按WHR分型）和外周肥胖组（按BMI分型）的高脂血症、高血压的检出率明显高于正常体型和正常体重组（P＜0.01）.中心性肥胖的高脂血症、高血压患病率的检出率明显高于外周肥胖（P＜0.01）.中心性肥胖与外周肥胖都与高脂血症、高血压的患病率呈正相关（P＜0.01）.结论深圳市中高层职业人群肥胖、高脂血症和高血压的患病率明显增高,尤其是高脂血症值得关注.肥胖、高脂血症是导致高血压的独立危险因素,中心性肥胖比外周型肥胖危险性更大.腰臀比值与体质指数都可作为高血压的危险预测因素,腰臀比值比体质指数特异性更高,两者结合进行可明显提高高血压风险预测的特异性和敏感性.     

老年高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗与其他代谢异常的关系

目的　探讨老年高血压病 (EH)患者胰岛素抵抗 (IR)与其他代谢异常的关系。方法　对在我院体检的年龄在 6 0岁以上的高血压病和正常人群共 75例行葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)及胰岛素释放试验。用胰岛素抵抗指数 (HOMA IR)作为胰岛素敏感性评价指标 ,将 75例受试人群分为三组即正常对照组 30例 ,单纯高血压病 (EH)组 2 0例 ,高血压病合并胰岛素抵抗组 (EH +IR)组 2 5例。结果　①老年EH患者HOMA IR值比老年正常对照组明显升高 [(3 0 1± 0 4 8)∶(3 92± 0 2 9) ,P <0 0 1]。 4 5例EH患者中 ,有 5 5 6 % (2 5 /4 5 )存在胰岛素抵抗。②EH +IR组中体重指数、血脂、血压、血尿酸等代谢紊乱的发生率比单纯EH组及正常对照组均明显升高。结论　胰岛素抵抗可能是老年高血压病患者其他各项代谢异常的基础。     

Enhanced dopamine renal responsiveness in patients with hypertension

The purpose of the study was to compare the renal effects of low doses of exogenous dopamine to assess the responsiveness of renal dopaminergic receptors in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Eight hypertensive patients and seven normotensive volunteer subjects were studied. Inulin and para-aminohippuric (PAH) clearances, natriuresis, and fractional excretion of sodium increased significantly after intravenous dosing with dopamine (2 micrograms/min/kg) in both groups. These increases were significantly higher in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects: 31.8% +/- 3.7% vs. 16.2% +/- 1.2% for inulin clearance (P less than 0.01), 83.3% +/- 10.5% vs. 41.1% +/- 3.4% for PAH clearance (P less than 0.01), and 331% +/- 38% vs. 216% +/- 26% for natriuresis (P less than 0.01). These findings suggest hyperresponsiveness to dopamine during hypertension. This enhanced response to exogenous dopamine can be considered as a further argument favoring the existence of a deficit in dopaminergic activity during hypertension. Dopamine also induced a significant reduction in blood pressure and increased heart rate in hypertensive subjects but no significant change in blood pressure and heart rate occurred in normotensive subjects.     

Orthostatic hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence and clinical importance of orthostatic hypertension (OHT) in diabetic patients has not been elucidated, in contrast to orthostatic hypotension, which is occasionally found in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The prevalence and severity of orthostatic hypertension was investigated in 277 Japanese male patients with type 2 diabetes, including 90 hypertensive patients and 128 nondiabetic age-matched male subjects. Patients treated with antihypertensive drugs were excluded from the study. OHT was defined as an increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from <90 to >or=90 mmHg and/or an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from <140 to >or=140 mmHg after standing from supine position. Clinical profiles and several serum biochemical parameters were determined in addition to chest X-rays and electrocardiograms. RESULTS: The prevalence of OHT in normotensive and hypertensive diabetic patients was significantly higher than in control subjects (12.8 vs. 1.8%, P < 0.01, for normotensive patients; 12.6 vs. 11.1%, not significant, for hypertensive patients). Orthostasis induced a mean increase of 6.8 +/- 11.4 mmHg in SBP and 9.1 +/- 5.2 mmHg in DBP in diabetic patients with OHT compared with those without OHT (-1.0 +/- 9.0 and 3.8 +/- 6.6 mmHg, respectively). Vibration sensation in the lower limb was reduced in diabetic patients with OHT, but the percent coefficient of variation of RR interval, cardio-to-thoracic ratio on chest X-ray, and serum triglyceride levels were higher in these patients compared with normotensive diabetic patients without OHT. CONCLUSIONS: Orthostatic hypertension is a novel complication in normotensive diabetic patients and may associate with early stage neuropathy and development of sustained hypertension.     

社区护理人员工作压力状况的调查

目的了解龙岗区社区护理人员工作压力现状,以寻找帮助减轻其工作压力的途径。方法采取问卷调查的方式,应用中国护士工作压力源量表,全区随机进行测查200名社区护士,共发放问卷200份,收回有效问卷198份,并进行统计分析。结果护理人员的社会地位低、护士编制不足、非护理性的工作多、继续深造的机会少是社区护理人员的主要工作压力源。结论应适当调整社区护理人员人力资源结构,完善管理模式,合理安排休假,提高护士的奖金、福利待遇及社会地位。     

Hypertensive stress increases dispersion of repolarization

Several electrocardiographic indices for repolarization heterogeneity have been proposed previously. The behavior of these indices under two different stressors at the same heart rate (i.e., normotensive gravitational stress, and hypertensive isometric stress) was studied. ECG and blood pressure were recorded in 56 healthy men during rest (sitting with horizontal legs), hypertensive stress (performing handgrip), and normotensive stress (sitting with lowered legs). During both stressors, heart rates differed <10% in 41 subjects, who constituted the final study group. Heart rate increased from 63 +/- 9 beats/min at rest to 71 +/- 11 beats/min during normotensive, and to 71 +/- 10 beats/min during hypertensive stress (P < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure was 122 +/- 15 mmHg at rest and 121 +/- 15 mmHg during normotensive stress, and increased to 151 +/- 17 mmHg during hypertensive stress (P < 0.001). The QT interval was larger during hypertensive (405 +/- 27) than during normotensive stress (389 +/- 26, P < 0.001). QT dispersion did not differ significantly between the two stressors. The mean interval between the apex and the end of the T wave (Tapex-Tend) of the mid-precordial leads was larger during hypertensive (121 +/- 17 ms) than during normotensive stress (116 +/- 15 ms, P < 0.001). The singular value decomposition T wave index was larger during hypertensive (0.144 +/- 0.071) than during normotensive stress (0.089 +/- 0.053, P < 0.001). Most indices of repolarization heterogeneity were larger during hypertensive stress than during normotensive stress. Hypertensive stressors are associated with arrhythmogeneity in vulnerable hearts. This may in part be explained by the induction of repolarization heterogeneity by hypertensive stress.     

2008-2011年广东省深圳市龙岗区手足口病流行病学特征分析

目的 分析广东省深圳市龙岗区手足口病流行病学特征,为制定手足口病防控策略提供参考依据。 方法 收集《国家疾病报告信息管理系统》和《深圳市疾病控制信息管理系统》中相关的手足口病疫情监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行综合分析。 结果 2008-2011年,深圳市龙岗区手足口病年发病率分别为45.75/10万、96.80/10万、307.48/10万和349.36/10万。不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。各街道均有发病,以龙岗街道、坪地街道、布吉街道发病率较高,分别为420.37/10万、356.06/10万和259.83/10万。发病主高峰集中在4-7月, 病例数占59.59%,次高峰集中在9-11月,病例数占23.14%。人群主要集中在5岁以下儿童,职业以散居及托幼儿童为主。学校和托幼机构时有暴发。重症病例数逐年增多,2008-2011年分别为2、14、31和55例。4年间共死亡19例,2008-2011年死亡病例数分别为2、5、8和4例。 结论 深圳市龙岗区手足口病疫情处于逐年上升趋势,已成为该地区严重的公共卫生问题,应采取综合性防治措施,切实预防和控制手足口病的流行和暴发流行。     

护士职业性紧张与唾液免疫球蛋白A的关系

为探讨职业性紧张与唾液免疫球蛋白A（IgA）的关系，采用Cushway等创建的职业性紧张调查表对260名护士职业性紧张进行调查，并统计过去6个月内患感冒的次数及唾液IgA的浓度，以了解其职业性紧张与过去6个月内患感冒的次数及唾液IgA浓度的相关性。结果：高度紧张组护士半年内感冒次数明显高于低度紧张组护士（P＜0．01），唾液IgA浓度也明显低于低度紧张组护士（P＜0．01）。 职业性紧张得分与半年内感冒次数呈显著正相关，唾液IgA浓度与半年内感冒次数呈显著负相关。提示， 职业性紧张高的护士半年内感冒次数增多、唾液IgA浓度降低。     

Relationship between a genetic predisposition to hypertension, blood pressure levels and pain sensitivity.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine whether the degree of blood pressure elevation and/or a genetic predisposition to hypertension have a major role in determining a reduced pain perception in hypertensives. The reasons underlying the relationship between blood pressure elevation and pain perception mechanisms are not completely understood. METHODS: One hundred and four untreated hypertensive patients (65 subjects with and 39 without a positive parental history of hypertension) together with a control group of 42 subjects (20 normotensive offspring of normotensive parents, and 22 normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents) were submitted to standard blood pressure evaluation, 24-h blood pressure monitoring and dental pain perception evaluation. RESULTS: Both pain threshold and tolerance were found to be higher in hypertensive than normotensive subjects (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.015, respectively). Positive significant correlations were found between both 24-h systolic and diastolic pressure and the pain perception variables. When a 2 x 2 ANOVA test was performed, factoring for the effects of both blood pressure status and family history of hypertension on pain sensitivity, a significant effect was revealed only for blood pressure status. Moreover, after controlling for blood pressure by a covariate analysis, no significant difference was found between the subjects with or without hypertensive parents as regards pain perception variables. CONCLUSIONS: Pain sensitivity is correlated to blood pressure levels whereas the parental history of hypertension per se does not affect the pain perception pattern. Thus, the degree of blood pressure elevation, more than a genetic predisposition to hypertension may influence the mechanisms leading to hypalgesia in hypertension.     

Link between hypertension and diabetes mellitus epidemiological study of Chinese adults in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relationship between hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study consisted of a random sample of adults aged greater than or equal to 40 yr from the Ta-An district of Taipei City and 5 of 12 villages of Taiwan province, which had established primary health-care centers since 1984. A total of 11,478 subjects were recruited into the survey with a response rate of 65.3 and 72%, respectively. Blood glucose and blood pressure levels were measured, and a structured questionnaire was given to each participant. Those identified as having diabetes received further blood tests for lipids and creatinine and were evaluated for vascular complications. RESULTS: The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among diabetic subjects was twice that of nondiabetic subjects (30.6 vs. 16.4%, P less than 0.0005). Hypertensive subjects had a higher prevalence of diabetes than normotensive subjects (10.2 vs. 4.9%, P less than 0.0005). Among hypertensive subjects, the prevalence of diabetes was 12.7% for those taking antihypertensive drugs and 9.1% for those not taking any drug (P less than 0.05). The prevalence of diabetes significantly increased as mean arterial pressure rose, whether the subjects were stratified by various factors. Multiple regression analysis, including sex, age, body mass index, and other risk factors as independent variables, also showed a significant association between diabetes and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that there seemed to be a tight link between hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Family history of diabetes, diabetes duration, diabetes regimen, control of blood glucose, and the presence of nephropathy, as attested by proteinuria, did not contribute to the risk of hypertension. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these two conditions are causally related.