外来务工人员意外伤害现状与预防对策

意外伤害不仅严重威胁人类的健康与安全,而且造成潜在生产力的巨大损失.据2007年中国伤害预防报告显示,我国每年因伤害死亡人数约占死亡总人数的9％,是第5位死亡原因,并且,每年发生各类需就医的伤害占全年居民患病需就诊总人次数的4％,每年因伤害引起的直接医疗费达650亿元,因伤害休工而产生的经济损失达60多亿元.     

威海地区居民伤害的疾病负担研究

目的:评价威海地区居民伤害的疾病负担;方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,从威海地区3市1区中抽取样本人群,进行回顾性问卷调查。使用DALY和经济损失指标从2个方面估计伤害的疾病负担,用SPSS11.0进行统计分析;结果:总的DALY损失为377.24人·年,每千人口平均为18.48人·年,男性高于女性;直接经济损失为194.07万元,间接经济损失为82.96万元。在所有的伤害中,因交通事故造成的DALY损失和经济损失都是最高的;结论:伤害是影响威海地区居民健康的危险因素之一,给社会和家庭带来了沉重的疾病负担。     

健康指标要升级

据世界银行专家测算，过去40年，世界经济增长的8％～10％归因于健康人群的劳动。我国卫生经济专家的研究表明，目前全国劳动力人口每年累计患病天数为202亿天，人均年患病天数为28天，每年累计休工天数为47亿天，人均年休工6．5天。全国居民因疾病、伤残和早死造成的经济损失相当于当年国民生产总值的8％左右，疾病引起的医疗资源消耗相当于当年国民生产总值的6％左右，且均有增高趋势。     

富阳市农村儿童、老年伤害流行病学特征比较

目的 :了解富阳市农村儿童、老年伤害的特征 ,为采取干预措施提供科学依据。方法 :采用整群随机抽样的方法 ,调查 2 0 0 1年富阳市的 5个行政村的 782名儿童 (0～ 1 5岁 ) ,541名 60岁～老年居民一年内 (2 0 0 0年 1 1月 1日～ 2 0 0 1年 1 0月 31日 )伤害发生情况。结果 :儿童伤害发生率 33 89% ;60岁～农村居民伤害发生率 37 1 5 %。儿童人均因伤休息 0 60天 ;人均活动受限 0 72天 ;共支出医疗费人均 52 33元。 60岁以上老年人人均因伤休息 2 42天 ;人均活动受限 2 33天 ;共支出医疗费人均 73 70元。结论 :建议在农村居民中加强安全卫生教育和健康促进工作 ,以预防和控制伤害的发生     

上海市某区居民伤害现况及社会经济损失分析

目的 了解上海市某区居民伤害发生的水平及常见伤害的原因,评价其社会经济损失及危害程度,为进一步加强预防措施提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,对上海市某城区6个居民委2 138人和农村10个自然村4 455人,共计6 593人进行为期1年的伤害状况回顾性调查.结果 伤害发生率为3.96%,农村高于城市.伤害前3位的依次为跌倒、交通伤、扭伤.发生率随年龄的增加而升高,以60岁以上人群发生率最高.0～14岁以跌倒、碰撞伤为主;15～34岁以跌倒、交通伤为主;35～59岁以交通伤、扭伤为主;≥60岁以跌倒、扭伤为主.伤害的致残率为0.77%,致死率为0.38%.每例伤害死亡的潜在寿命损失年数27年.每例伤害直接经济损失1 851元,人均住院3.2 d、因伤休息24.4 d、需他人看护12.8 d.结论 伤害在人群中常见、多发,并造成巨大的社会负担和经济损失,应加强伤害的预防和控制.     

深圳市不同人群的伤害流行病学调查

当今 ,无论在发达国家或发展中国家 ,伤害因其发生率和死亡潜在寿命损失率高、后遗伤残多、造成社会经济损失大 ,与感染性疾病和慢性病并列成为对人类健康的主要危害 ,是关系居民健康的重要公共卫生问题。为了解不同人群伤害的发生及其流行特征 ,我们于 1999年对深圳市 3 499名居民进行了伤害流行病学调查 ,首次揭示了我市不同人群伤害的发生水平 ,为今后预防和控制伤害提供科学依据。一、对象与方法1.抽样方法 :采用分层整群抽样方法 ,对深圳特区内外2个市区 4个居委会的 4个住宅区居民进行了调查。2 .调查方法 :采用统一的调查表 ,由经过…     

济南市某区农村居民意外伤害流行病学调查

伤害严重地威胁着人类的健康，是重要的公共卫生问题之一，也是世界各国的主要死亡原因之一。在我国，每年有70万人死于各种伤害，伤害是1～34岁人群的首位死因。给社会造成的直接或间接经济损失极大。为了解济南市某区农村居民的伤害发生现状，为今后开展伤害防制工作提供科学依据，我们于2004年3月开展了本次现况调查。     

山东省威海市居民伤害负担的现况

目的了解威海市居民伤害发生现状及其所造成的损失。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对8600户居民家庭前一年发生伤害的情况及其经济负担进行回顾性问卷调查。结果共有390人418人次遭遇过伤害,伤害发生率总体为19.12‰。主要的伤害类型分别是交通事故、碰撞伤和跌落伤。所有伤害的患者人均卧床休息天数为24.77d,人均休工休学天数为55.98d,人均日常活动受限制天数为33.27d,人均住院天数为8.47d,人均门诊医疗费用为2343元,人均住院医疗费用为2709元。全市因伤害导致的经济损失约3.185亿元。结论伤害给居民的健康造成较大威胁,并导致了严重的社会和家庭经济负担,应采取针对性措施预防控制伤害的发生。     

浙江省常山县居民伤害流行状况调查

目的了解浙江省常山县居民伤害流行状况及其分布特征,为制定伤害预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取常山县6个行政村共计1 200户家庭,并统一采用自制的调查问卷对2017年6月1日—2018年5月31日期间伤害发生情况进行回顾性调查。结果本次共计调查2 745人,其中男性1 438人(52.39%),女性1 307人(47.61%),男女性别比为1.10∶1。浙江省常山县居民伤害发生率5.98%,其中男性高于女性(χ~2=5.406,P<0.05),死亡率15.18/10万。前3位伤害发生率分别是跌伤/坠落伤(2.05%)、交通伤(1.43%)和刀伤/锐器伤(1.29%)。各年龄段伤害发生率不同,其中以≥60岁年龄组最高(10.95%),5～15岁年龄组最低(3.51%)。受伤部位前3位分别为上肢(30.80%)、下肢(26.79%)和躯干(20.09%)。因伤害所致人均休息天数为56.02天,活动受限天数为64.43天,医疗费用为6 385.03元。结论浙江省常山县居民伤害发生率较高,因伤害所致经济和社会负担较大,应尽快制定有针对性的预防控制措施。     

山东省城乡居民伤害寿命损失及经济负担调查

目的了解山东省城乡居民伤害导致的潜在寿命损失年数（YPLL）及其经济负担.方法按照多阶段分层随机抽样方法,根据城乡、经济水平分层随机抽取4个城市、6个农村县的24438名城乡常住居民.采用横断面调查的方法,由经过统一培训的调查员入户调查全部家庭成员2003年伤害事件发生情况及其造成的经济负担.结果2003年山东省城乡常住居民伤害事件发生率为7.25%,标化伤害事件发生率为7.31%.平均每例伤害死亡者YPLL为32.21年,潜在工作损失年数（WYPLL）为26.32年,潜在价值损失年数（VYPLL）为12.59年;共发生1771次伤害事件,导致的经济损失为486.79万元,平均每个伤害事件（含死亡）造成的经济损失为2748.67元.结论伤害给山东省城乡常住居民及其家庭造成了较大的经济负担.应加强对重点人群的健康教育和干预.     

Incidence and outcome of injury in Ghana: a community-based survey

Injury is an increasingly significant health problem in most low-income countries. However, strategies for preventing injury have not been well addressed. The present study was carried out to measure the incidence and outcome of various mechanisms of injury in Ghana in order to provide data for use in developing priorities for injury prevention efforts. For this purpose, using two-stage cluster sampling and household interviews, we surveyed 21,105 persons living in 431 urban and rural sites. During the preceding year, 1609 injuries resulting in one or more days of loss of normal activity were reported. Injury-related mortality was slightly higher in the urban (83 per 100,000) than in the rural area (53 per 100,000). However, the burden of disability from nonfatal injuries, as assessed by disability days, was higher in the rural (4697 disability days per 1000 person-years) than in the urban area (2671 days per 1000 person-years). Based on incidence rates and disability times, the major types of injury in the urban area were transport-related injury and falls. In the rural area, agricultural injuries predominated, followed by falls and transport-related injury. In rural and urban areas combined, 73% of motor vehicle-related injuries involved commercial vehicles. In this and other similar developing-country settings, injury prevention efforts should focus on falls and on transport safety in both urban and rural areas, with special attention being paid to commercial vehicles. In rural areas, agricultural injuries contributed the largest burden of morbidity, and should be a priority for prevention efforts.     

2013-2016年徐州市伤害死亡状况及疾病负担分析

目的 分析2013-2016年徐州市伤害死亡状况和疾病负担,为制定有效防治伤害的策略和措施提供可靠依据。方法 利用2013-2016年徐州市户籍人口死因监测数据,伤害死亡状况和疾病负担采用死亡率、潜在寿命损失年（Potential Years of Life Lost,PYLL）、伤残调整寿命年（Disability Adjusted of Life Years, DALYs）等指标分析,间接经济负担采用人力资本法进行估算。结果 2013-2016年徐州市居民伤害粗死亡率为56.38/10万,PYLL为448648人年,PYLL率为12.97‰,每年每千人口因伤害损失DALYs为11.70,伤害所致间接经济负担为34.32亿元。交通伤害和自杀是造成伤害疾病负担的主要原因。男性伤害疾病负担大于女性,60岁以上中老年人群伤害疾病负担高于其他年龄组。结论 伤害是导致徐州市居民死亡的重要原因,伤害死亡情况和疾病负担在性别、年龄分布存在差异,应根据具体情况制定有效防治措施。     

体操练习中的损伤调查及预防措施

目的探讨体操练习中常见的损伤类型及预防措施。方法采用问卷调查法、文献法、逻辑分析法对某市近年来从事体操训练的150名研究对象体操运动损伤的部位、性质、原因进行调查分析,提出相应预防建议。结果此次调查结果显示,在体操训练的过程中有86人出现过不同程度的运动损伤,受伤率57.72%;86人共发生138次运动损伤,其中腕关节46人(33.33%),肘关节32人(23.19%),踝关节29人(21.01%),膝关节23人(16.67%),腰部8人(5.80%);体操运动员发生运动损伤的原因是动作不规范受伤31人(36.05%),自我保护意识缺乏受伤24人(27.91%),准备活动不充分受伤19人(22.09%),身体负荷过大受伤12人(13.95%)。结论体操运动中出现运动损伤率均较高,关节损伤是体操练习中最为常见的运动损伤,其主要诱发因素为动作不规范、自我保护意识缺乏、准备活动不充分、身体负荷过大,值得引起人们的注意。     

宁波市中学生家长伤害认知情况

目的了解宁波市中学生家长对伤害的知识、信念和行为情况,为伤害干预提供依据。方法选择宁波市4所中学,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对4 401位家长进行问卷调查。结果93.2%的家长听说过伤害,且伤害知晓率城市家长高于农村家长,父辈明显高于祖辈。82.0%的家长认为伤害对孩子的影响很大,95.9%的家长认为有必要对孩子进行各种安全教育,97.0%的家长认为学校应该开设预防伤害的知识教育。城市和农村分别有71.3%和68.3%的家长认为有必要给孩子投伤害保险。家长们认为学生最容易发生伤害的类型是跌伤和车祸。结论在制定中小学生伤害的预防干预措施时,应充分发挥家长的作用。     

8497例伤害住院患者损伤部位及预后统计分析

[目的]探讨兰州市伤害住院患者损伤部位一般分布状况,为伤害防治提供依据。[方法]采用整群抽样方法,抽取兰州市2002～2008年间2所省级综合医院8497例伤害住院患者的病历资料,对不同损伤部位进行统计分析。[结果]颅脑损伤比例最高(30.61%),其次为下肢部(21.34%),上肢部(10.38%)。除65岁～以上老年组以下肢损伤(48.31%)所占比例最高外,其余各年龄组均以颅脑损伤所占比例最高。交通事故和意外跌落主要损伤部位为颅脑部和下肢部,暴力事件为颅脑和颈胸部,自然环境为眼部和上肢。[结论]头部和四肢仍是伤害损伤的主要部位,应加强安全防护意识,开展教育干预,降低伤害损伤的危害程度。     

珠海市某农村社区学龄前儿童伤害发生情况及危险因素的调查分析

目的了解珠海市农村学龄前儿童伤害的发生情况，为实施干预提供科学依据。方法整群抽取珠海市三灶镇9所幼儿园，对1146名在园儿童的942对父母，45名任课老师进行儿童伤害情况及其相关因素调查。结果伤害发生率为5．0％，伤害以意外跌落或坠落伤(61．4％)、烧烫伤(17．5％)为主，单次伤害平均经济损失为790．7元。结论农村学龄前儿童伤害发生较严重，应对儿童、家长及老师三级人群开展安全健康教育，来预防、控制儿童伤害的发生。     

深圳市社区儿童意外伤害教育干预效果评价

目的:探索有效预防儿童意外伤害的干预措施。方法:以深圳市横岗镇19所幼儿园和4个社康中心的学龄前儿童和家长为研究对象,对儿童和家长进行教育干预,干预期为一年,分别在干预前后进行问卷调查,并对干预效果进行评价。结果:干预后家长对伤害的认知水平有所提高。与干预前比较,各类伤害发生率均有下降。经统计学检验,机械伤、中毒、意外跌落差异有统计学意义。结论:对学龄前儿童及其家长进行意外伤害教育干预,能有效预防儿童意外伤害的发生。     

2012-2014年潍坊市伤害死亡状况及疾病负担分析

摘要:目的　分析潍坊市居民伤害死亡及其疾病负担情况,为制定伤害防控策略、措施提供科学参考。方法　以潍坊市2012-2014年全户籍人口伤害死因监测资料为基础,采用死亡率等指标描述死亡概况;利用潜在寿命损失年（PYLL）描述减寿情况;间接法计算伤残调整寿命年（DALYs）描述疾病负担;估算间接经济负担。结果　2012-2014年潍坊市伤害粗死亡率为69.52/10万,PYLL率为23.69‰,每千人口因伤害损失11.86个DALYs,导致的间接经济负担约为17.85亿元。交通事故和自杀是导致死亡和造成疾病负担的主要伤害。结论　伤害是导致潍坊市居民死亡和疾病负担的重要原因,应积极开展有效干预措施。     

Rising incidence of fall-induced injuries among elderly adults

Aim and methods Fall-induced injuries in older people are a major public health concern in modern societies with aging populations. Despite this, very little is known about the population trends in these injuries and long-term follow-ups are lacking. Our aim was to determine the current trends in the number and incidence (per 100,000 persons) of fall-induced injuries in older adults in Finland, an EU country with a well-defined white population of 5.2 million, taking into account all persons 80 years of age or older who were admitted to our hospitals for primary treatment of a first fall injury over the period 1970–2002.Results The number of fall-induced injuries in elderly Finns increased considerably between the years 1970 and 2002: from 1,139 to 11,835 overall (a 10.4-fold rise), and from 927 to 9346 in women (a 10.1-fold rise) and from 212 to 2489 in men (an 11.7-fold rise). In both genders, the age-adjusted incidence of fall-induced injuries also increased during the study period, the incidence being 2711 (women) and 1441 (men) in 1970, and 6681 (women) and 4726 (men) in 2002. Assuming that the observed relatively linear development in the incidence rates of fall-induced injuries in elderly Finnish people continues and that the size of this population increases as predicted, the annual number of Finns aged 80 years or older experiencing a fall-induced injury can be estimated to increase further steeply during the coming three decades, from the above-noted 11,835 to about 42,500 in the year 2030 (a 3.6-fold rise).Conclusion The number of fall-induced injuries among elderly Finns shows an alarming rise with a rate that cannot be explained merely by demographic changes. Wide-scale preventive measures should be urgently adopted to control the rising burden of these injuries.     

The unintentional injurer: results from the Boston youth survey

Objectives. We sought to provide additional information about the characteristics of adolescents who were most likely to cause unintentional injury to other people.Methods. In 2008, as part of a randomized survey of high-school students in the Boston Public School system, more than 1800 respondents answered questions about unintentionally causing an injury to someone else in the past year.Results. More than 20% of boys and 13% of girls reported unintentionally injuring another person in the past year. Being male, exercising, participating in organized activities, and having carried a knife were risk factors for unintentionally causing an injury during sports. Using illegal drugs, having friends who are a bad influence, and having carried a knife were risk factors for unintentionally causing an injury not associated with sports.Conclusions. Unintentionally injuring another person is a fairly common event for high-school students. Characteristics differ between adolescents who unintentionally injure others during sports versus those who unintentionally injure others during nonsports activities. Many of the risk factors for causing unintentional injury unrelated to sports are similar to those for intentionally causing injury.Many unintentional injuries are self-inflicted (e.g., unintentionally shooting oneself), but many are inflicted by other people (e.g., getting unintentionally shot by someone else).¹ The former might be called intrapersonal unintentional injury and the latter interpersonal unintentional injury—when 1 person unintentionally injures another.The division into self-inflicted and other-inflicted injury is common for intentional injuries; intentional injury deaths are typically divided into suicide (self-inflicted) and homicide (other-inflicted). However, except in regards to motor vehicle injuries, this division is rarely made for unintentional injuries.^1–3 In general, little information is available about people in addition to the injured party who might be involved in an unintentional injury event.For non–motor vehicle unintentional injuries, data on the unintentional injurer are rarely collected. For example, in the World Health Organization “Guidelines for Conducting Community Surveys on Injuries and Violence”⁴ there are questions about the perpetrators of intentional injury, but none about anyone other than the victim when one is collecting data on unintentional injury. As has been the case for interpersonal violence and motor vehicle injuries, we believe that learning more about the injurer in unintentional injury events may provide information about the types of interventions that may prove most effective in preventing injury.We added questions about interpersonal unintentional injury to a survey of high-school students in Boston, Massachusetts, to learn more about this issue. We were interested in understanding the frequency of interpersonal unintentional injuries and the characteristics of the persons who reported unintentionally injuring another. As little has been written about interpersonal unintentional injuries, this analysis was intended to be exploratory rather than firmly based on well-established behavioral models of human behavior.