Tobacco smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis: a case-control study

A case-control study was carried out to assess if the tobacco smoking is associated with development of active pulmonary tuberculosis in 153 cases with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 160 control subjects. Detailed information on smoking habits was collected from cases and controls using questionnaire. It was seen that tobacco smoking was associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The estimated crude odd's ratio (OR) of the association was 1.66 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.73) . The age adjusted OR was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.01-2.88), p < 0.05. The increased risk for pulmonary tuberculosis was significant in men who had smoked for over 20 years (OR 3.07; 95% CI: 1.37-6.86). The adjusted OR for heavy smokers (more than 20 bidis per day) was 2.72 (95% CI: 1.19-6.20). There was a dose-response relationship between the number of bidis smoked daily and the risk of development of pulmonary tuberculosis. The study showed that tobacco smoking is associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, with a dose-response relationship with the number of bidis consumed daily.     

1096例精液常规检查结果分析

目的通过对男性精液的常规检测分析,了解精子总数与精液分析各项参数间的关系,以及精子总数减少的原因.方法 按照,采用西班牙SCA精子质量分析系统,配合载物台温控仪以及MACRO计数板做全套相关参数分析.结果 在1096例精液标本常规检查中,精子密度＜20×106/ml...     

Anti-spermatogenic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Mucuna Urens

Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed, has antispermatogenic, hence, antifertility effects in man. Methods Eight-week old male Albino rats were used as the mammalian model for this study. They were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each and treatment with the ethanol extract was for a period of 14 d. The treatment regimes were 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg BW in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction using 80% ethanol as the extracting solvent. The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the paste extract in 10 ml corn oil （vehicle） to make up 100 mg/ml concentration. At the end of the treatment, sperm from the distal caudal epididymis was collected and analyzed for sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results Significant reduction was observed in sperm count and sperm motility （P〈0.05）. The mean sperm count for group A was 6.27±0.02×10^6, for group B was 6.16±0.02×10^6 and group C had 6.0±0.0×10^6 sperm cells The control （group D） had a mean sperm count of 6.50±0.09×10^6 which was higher than that of any treated group. Results of the sperm motility test gave the following mean rates for motile sperm cells after treatment： group A, 57.6±% 2.1; group B, 50.0±4.0; group C, 45.0±4.0. The control had the highest mean motility rate of 72.3±2.1. The observed sperm abnormalities included unusual head with large acrosome, looped tailpiece, mid piece with distal droplet, pin head, pyriform head and long hook.Conclusion The anti-spermatogenic effects of the extract on the sperm in the Albino rat may lead to reduction of fertility.     

Teenage smoking in pregnancy and birthweight: a population study, 2001-2004

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between smoking in pregnant teenagers and baby birthweight. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective population-based study of women aged < 20 years who gave birth to liveborn singletons in Australia between January 2001 and December 2004. Data were drawn from the National Perinatal Data Collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal smoking, birthweight, low birthweight (LBW). RESULTS: The prevalence of LBW in babies born to teenage smokers was 9.9%, compared with 6.0% in babies born to teenage non-smokers (odds ratio [OR], 1.72 [95% CI, 1.57-1.90]). On average, babies born to teenage smokers were 179.8 g lower in birthweight than babies born to teenage non-smokers (95% CI, 165.5 -194.1 g; t = 24.6, P < 0.001). Smoking, Indigenous status, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas category and parity were independently associated with LBW (all ORs > 1.3; P < 0.001) after adjusting for maternal age group. Teenagers smoking > 10 cigarettes a day had babies with lower birthweight that those who smoked < or = 10 cigarettes a day, demonstrating a dose-response relationship. The babies of teenage smokers who stopped smoking before 20 weeks' gestation had birthweights similar to those of babies born to teenage non-smokers. One in 15 teenage smokers stopped smoking during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were more likely to have LBW than babies whose mothers did not smoke. Mothers who continue to smoke in the second half of pregnancy increase their baby's risk of LBW. There is significant scope to improve the quitting rate, and health professionals need to target smoking cessation at all contacts with pregnant women who continue to smoke.     

Evaluation of Sperm Parameters of Infertile Men with Retrograde Ejaculation

Normal ejaculation results in the antegrade emission and expulsion of sperm, and is an essential prerequisite for natural reproduction. However, congenital deficiency of or damage42 to the bladder neck, spinal cord injury, diabetes, and prostatic surgery …     

836例成都市育龄男性精子质量分析

目的了解成都市正常育龄男性精子质量状况,促进优生优育工作。方法对836例育龄男性完整精液标本进行分析,并根据年龄分为〈25岁、25-29岁、30-35岁、36-39岁、〉40岁5组,分析比较各组精液参数。结果836名育龄男性精液量（2.85±0.92）ml,pH值（7.46±0.16）,精子密度（77.15±53.88）×10^6/ml,精子活率（67.36±18.41）%,a级精子（30.08±12.90）%,a＋b级精子（49.81±14.92）%。其中正常组515例（61.60%）,异常组321例（38.40%）。异常组中,225例精子活力异常（70.09%）,215例精子活率异常（66.98%）,86例精液量异常（26.79%）,54例精子密度异常（16.82%）,8例pH值异常（2.49%）,7例无精子（2.18%）。结论我市育龄男性精子质量基本处于WHO规定的标准内,但精子活力下降比例较高。在不同年龄分组研究中25-29岁年龄组精子质量好于其他年龄组,随着年龄增加精子质量呈下降趋势,在育前保健中应重点针对精子活力下降状况,开展保健服务,以利于优生优育。     

广州地区健康男性精液质量调查

目的：评估广州及其周边地区健康男性的精液质量情况。方法选择广东地区1040例正常男性志愿者进行精液质量检查及流行病问卷调查。结果1040例健康男性的精液量、精子总数、精子浓度、前向运动率和精子正常形态率的第5百分位数值分别为1.5 ml、51.58×106/一次射精、20.30×106/ml、20.29%和4%,其中所有参数均达到世界卫生组织的精液分析正常值标准有740例（71.15%）,≥40岁组精子前向运动率和精子正常形态率与＜30岁组及30~39岁组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论广州地区健康男性精液参数中精液体积、精子总数、精液浓度以及精子正常形态率的第5百分位数值均达到世界卫生组织的标准,精子的前向运动率则低于世界卫生组织的标准,评估男性精液质量时要考虑年龄对精液参数的影响。     

1091例不育男性年龄与精液变化关系

目的分析不育男性精液常规性状与年龄关系。方法采用回顾性分析方法对2007年12月～2008年4月在我中心接受精液检查的不育男性精液进行了整理。将1091例不育男性精液数据常规指标分为正常组和异常组。比较不同年龄组（≤24、25～29、30～34、35～39、≥40岁）间正常精液的密度,活动度差异以及异常精液组年龄变化趋势,同时分析接受不育检查患者的年龄分布。结果接受精液检查的患者年龄在20～60岁之间,其中以30岁人数最多;分析正常组精子密度发现,30～34岁组密度最高,为（71.47±33.71）×10^6/ml,但是与其他年龄组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,同时比较不同年龄组间精液活动度,A、B、C级精子组间变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其中A级精子随年龄增长有下降趋势。分析异常精液组患者,异常精液占总统计样本的31.62%,其中无精症患者占6.97%,少弱精患者为6.87%,弱精症患者占17.78%,均不存在年龄变化的差异（P〉0.05）。结论男性不育与年龄不存在差异,不育可发生在生育期男性的任何阶段。     

Parkinson＇s Disease and Smoking： An Integral Part of PD＇s Etiological Study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with cigarette smoking. METHODS: One hundred of fourteen PD patients were compared with 205 control subjects who were matched by gender, race and residency. A previously validated questionnaire including smoking, alcohol/tea consumption as well as some other environmental exposure data was administered. RESULTS: With never-smokers as the reference category, we observed reduced risk for PD among ever smokers (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.79) current smokers (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.86) and ex-smokers (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.96). When ever smokers were stratified by years of smoking, there was an inverse correlation between those whose smoking history was longer than 20 years (OR=0.40 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.81) and an even mild protective correlation between those who smoked less than 20 years (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.99). Those who had quitted smoking for more than 20 years were less likely to have the disease than never smokers, and those who had quitted for less than 20 years were least likely to have PD, while those who were current smokers were still least likely to have the disease. We found significant inverse gradient with pack-day smoking (trend P<0.05), and the inverse correlation between cigarette smoking and PD was not confounded by alcohol/tea consumption and other confounding bias. CONCLUSIONS: The inverse correlation between Parkinson's disease risk and smoking as well as the trend of gradient dose response is again observed in our study. More future researches are needed to confirm these correlations and to explore further biochemical evidence.     

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure among police officers in Hong Kong

CONTEXT: Few epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between chronic respiratory symptoms and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at work in adults, and none have shown clear dose-response relationships. OBJECTIVE: To examine the respiratory effects of ETS exposure at home and at work among never-smoking adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire survey conducted in December 1995 and January 1996 among 4468 male and 728 female police officers in Hong Kong who were never-smokers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respiratory symptoms and physician consultation in the previous 14 days for such symptoms by presence and amount of ETS exposure at work. RESULTS: Eighty percent of both men and women reported ETS exposure at work. Significant odds ratios (ORs) for respiratory symptoms were found among men with ETS exposure at work (for any respiratory symptoms, difference in absolute rate, 20.4%; OR, 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-2.75; attributable risk, 57%) and physician consultation (difference in absolute rate, 4.5%; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1. 05-1.61; attributable risk, 23%). Trends were similar among women for any respiratory symptoms (difference in absolute rate, 15.4%; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.04-2.56; attributable risk, 39%) and for physician consultation (difference in absolute rates, 2.8%; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.87-2.41; attributable risk, 31%). Positive dose-response relationships with number of coworkers smoking nearby and amount of ETS exposure in the work place were found. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence of the serious health hazards associated with ETS exposure at work. The findings support a ban on smoking in the workplace to protect all workers in both developed and developing countries. JAMA. 2000;284:756-763     

精子形态与精子密度、活力关系研究

目的探讨精子形态与精子密度和活力的关系。方法592例男性不育患者,采用计算机辅助精液分析方法（CASA）检测精子密度和活力,采用Diff-quick染色法进行精子形态分析。根据精子密度分为〈5×10^5／ml、（5—20）×10^6／ml和≥20×10^6／ml3组;根据精子活力分为〈10％、10％-30％、31％-50％和〉50％4组。比较各组间精子形态正常率的差异。结果随着精子密度、活力的降低,精子形态正常率亦明显降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论精子形态与精子密度和活力密切相关,临床应结合精子形态和其他参数评价男性生育力。     

Association between cigarette smoking and anxiety disorders during adolescence and early adulthood

CONTEXT: Cigarette smoking is associated with some anxiety disorders, but the direction of the association between smoking and specific anxiety disorders has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the longitudinal association between cigarette smoking and anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults. DESIGN: The Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Community-based sample of 688 youths (51% female) from upstate New York interviewed in the years 1985-1986, at a mean age of 16 years, and in the years 1991-1993, at a mean age of 22 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Participant cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders in adolescence and early adulthood, measured by age-appropriate versions of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. RESULTS: Heavy cigarette smoking (>/=20 cigarettes/d) during adolescence was associated with higher risk of agoraphobia (10.3% vs 1.8%; odds ratio [OR], 6.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-30.17), generalized anxiety disorder (20.5% vs 3.71%; OR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.84-16.66), and panic disorder (7.7% vs 0.6%; OR, 15.58; 95% CI, 2.31-105.14) during early adulthood after controlling for age, sex, difficult childhood temperament; alcohol and drug use, anxiety, and depressive disorders during adolescence; and parental smoking, educational level, and psychopathology. Anxiety disorders during adolescence were not significantly associated with chronic cigarette smoking during early adulthood. Fourteen percent and 15% of participants with and without anxiety during adolescence, respectively, smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day during early adulthood (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.36-2.14). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that cigarette smoking may increase risk of certain anxiety disorders during late adolescence and early adulthood. JAMA. 2000;284:2348-2351.     

Further evidence for the effect of passive smoking on neonates

From 518 couples with a 1 month old baby, information was obtained on the couple's smoking habit, social class, age of mother, parity, alcohol consumption during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms of the baby. Allowing for these factors, a multivariate analysis revealed that, even allowing for mother's smoking habit, babies whose father smoked were lighter at birth by an average of 113 g (95% CI 8-216 g) and this effect was unchanged at 1 month (112 g, 95% CI 0-224 g). Babies whose mothers smoked were twice as likely to have a cough (Relative Risk = 2.0, 95% CI 1.05-3.68), than those whose mothers did not, but we failed to find a significant association with the father's smoking habit.     

Smoking and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in men with low levels of serum cholesterol: the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation Study

CONTEXT: Few studies have examined the interactive effects of smoking and serum cholesterol level on morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular dieseases. In East Asia, where the prevalence of smoking is among the highest in the world, morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) is rapidly escalating. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the Republic of Korea (South Korea), a population that has relatively low levels of serum cholesterol, and to determine whether serum cholesterol levels modify the risk relationship between smoking and ASCVD. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with a follow-up period of 6 years (1993-1998). SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A total of 106745 Korean men aged 35 to 59 years who received health insurance from the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation and who had biennial medical evaluations in 1990 and 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospital admissions and deaths from IHD, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and total ASCVD. RESULTS: At baseline, 61389 (58%) were current cigarette smokers and 64482 (60%) had a total cholesterol level of less than 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL). Between 1993 and 1998, 1006 IHD events (176 per 100000 person-years), 1364 CVD events (238 per 100000 person-years), and 716 other ASCVD events (125 per 100000 person-years) occurred. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models controlling for age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes, current smoking increased the risk of IHD (risk ratio [RR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-2.8), CVD (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.8), and total ASCVD (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.5-1.8). For each outcome, there were significant dose-response relationships with amount and duration of smoking. Throughout the range of serum cholesterol levels, current smoking significantly increased the risk of IHD and CVD. In the lowest quartile of serum cholesterol levels (<4.42 mmol/L [171 mg/dL]), the RR from current smoking was 3.3 (95% CI, 1.7-6.2) for IHD and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.3) for CVD. There was no evidence of an interaction between smoking and serum cholesterol (P for interaction = .75, .87, and .92 for IHD, CVD, and total ASCVD, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that in Korea smoking is a major independent risk factor for IHD, CVD, and ASCVD and that a low cholesterol level confers no protective benefit against smoking-related ASCVD.     

Analysis of change in sperm quality of Chinese fertile men during 1981-1996.

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加味六味地黄汤治疗少、弱精男性不育症疗效分析

目的观察加味六味地黄汤治疗男性不育少、弱精症的临床疗效,以探讨其对男性生殖功能的作用机制。方法将175例少、弱精男性不育症患者随机分为治疗组87例（口服加味六味地黄汤）和对照组88例（口服克罗米芬胶囊）。两组均连续治疗3个月,分别在用药前后进行精子活动率、精子密度及血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、抑制素B（IN-HB）检测。FSH测定采用微粒子化学发光法,INHB水平测定应用双抗体酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA法）。观察两组患者的临床疗效。结果①治疗组成功受孕（治愈）26例,精液质量恢复正常（显效）30例,精液质量改善（有效）24例,治疗前后精液质量无明显变化（无效）7例,显效率为64.4%,总有效率为92.0%;对照组治愈15例,显效25例,有效38例,无效10例,显效率和总有效率分别为45.5%、88.6%。治疗组显效率显著优于对照组（χ2=6.32,P〈0.05）。②治疗组治疗后精子密度从（14.7±5.2）×106/mL提高到（46.4±7.8）×106/mL（t=31.60,P〈0.01）,对照组从（15.4±4.3）×106/mL提高到（28.6±9.4）×106/mL（P〈0.01）,治疗后治疗组精子密度高于对照组（t=13.62,P〈0.01）。治疗组治疗后精子活动率从（41.1±8.3）%提高到（68.4±11.3）%（t=18.20,P〈0.01）,对照组精子活动率从（42.4±7.5）%提高到（63.2±10.8）%（P〈0.01）,治疗后治疗组精子活动率高于对照组（t=15.60,P〈0.01）。③治疗组治疗后FSH从（5.38±2.14）mIU/mL提高到（7.76±3.02）mIU/mL（P〈0.05）,INHB从（85.36±28.17）ng/L提高到（120.05±11.32）ng/L（P〈0.05）,对照组FSH从（5.51±2.53）mIU/mL提高到（7.15±2.34）mIU/mL（P〈0.05）,INHB从（79.53±35.28）ng/L提高到（107.48±15.81）ng/L（P〈0.05）;两组治疗后比较,血清FSH水平差异有高度统计学意义（t=6.02,P〈0.01）。结论加味六味地黄汤能有效改善少、弱精症男性不育患者的精子质量,改善患者的生殖功能,可能是通过调节体内FSH、INHB发挥作用的。     

计算机职业与男性精液质量关系研究

目的通过对计算机从业人员的精液质量分析,探讨计算机职业对男性精液质量的影响。方法应用计算机辅助精子分析（CASA）技术,按照《WHO人类精液及精子-宫颈粘液相互作用实验室检验手册》,使用北京伟力公司WLJY9000仪器,对2007年7月~2009年6月到我院生殖与不孕研究所就诊的221例以长期使用计算机为职业的男性精液从精液量、精子密度、精子活率、精子活力等参数进行分析。结果①221例计算机职业男性精液量（2.74±0.86）m1,精子密度（74.66±52.47）×106/ml,精子活率（58.42±22.47）%,精子活力a＋b级精子（42.54±18.34）%,a级精子（26.07±14.69）%,其中正常组102例（46.15%）,异常组119例（53.85%）。②与同期育前检查组比较,各项精液质量参数差异无统计学意义,但精子活率和活力呈现下降趋势;与同期育前检查正常组比较,精子活率,a＋b级精子和a级精子呈现极显著的下降（P〈0.01）。③计算机职业不育组与同期不育检查组比较,精子密度、精子活率、精子活力等参数呈现下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义。结论计算机职业可能引起男性精液质量的异常。应重视计算机从业人员自我防护,从而改善精液质量,提高生育力。     

Cigar and pipe smoking and myocardial infarction in young men

The effect of cigar and pipe smoking on the risk of myocardial infarction was evaluated in an interview study of 572 men with non-fatal first myocardial infarctions and 934 hospital controls. The study was conducted in the north eastern United States from 1980 to 1983. All subjects were 40-54 years of age, and none had smoked cigarettes for at least two years. Among men who had never smoked cigarettes the relative risk of myocardial infarction for those who smoked at least five cigars a day, compared with not smoking cigars and pipes and allowing for other risk factors, was estimated to be 1.7 (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 4.8). Among ex-smokers of cigarettes the corresponding estimate for those who smoked at least five cigars a day was 4.5 (2.2 to 9.2). The estimates for men who smoked fewer cigars, or pipes, were closer to 1.0 and not significant. Men who stop smoking cigarettes and switch to at least five cigars a day apparently continue to have an increased risk of myocardial infarction, possibly because they continue to inhale the smoke.     

High risk health behaviours among adult Jamaicans

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk health behaviours among adult Jamaicans aged 15-49 years in 2000, and to compare the results with the 1993 survey. A nationally representative sample of 2013 persons aged 15-74 years was surveyed in 2000 using cluster sampling in the Jamaica Healthy Lifestyle Survey (Wilks et al, unpublished). Interviewer administered questionnaires and anthropometrical measurements were done. Data for a sub-sample of adults aged 15-49 years were analyzed The sub-sample included 1401 persons (473 men and 928 women). Significantly more men (18.6%) than women (4.3%) reported never having had a blood pressure check (p = 0.0001). Approximately one-third of the women reported that they had never had a Pap smear (36.0%) or a breast examination (31.2%). Current cigarette smoking was reported in 28.6% of men and 7.7% of women (OR 3.73 CI 2.71, 5.15), while 49.0% of men and 15.0% of women ever smoked marijuana (OR 3.28 CI 2.56, 4.20). Significantly more men (28.0%) than women (11.7%) reported ever having a sexually transmitted disease (OR 2.93 CI 2.16, 3.97); having more than one sexual partner in the past year (49.1% vs 11.4%, OR 4.31 CI 3.22, 5.76) and usually using a condom during sexual intercourse (55.3% vs 40.5%, OR 1.3 CI 1.11, 1.68). Between 1993 and 2000, significant trends include: more persons reported having a blood pressure check, a reduction in multiple sexual partners, increased condom use at last sex (women), reduced crack/cocaine use (males) and increased marijuana smoking. Although there were some significant positive lifestyle trends between 1993 and 2000, high risk behaviours remain common among Jamaican adults. Comprehensive health promotion programmes are needed to address these risk behaviours.     

Men in Australia Telephone Survey (MATeS): predictors of men's help-seeking behaviour for reproductive health disorders

OBJECTIVE: To identify sociodemographic factors associated with help-seeking behaviour for reproductive health disorders in middle-aged and older Australian men. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, population-based, computer-assisted telephone interview exploring sociodemographic factors and general and reproductive health. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Analysis of data from the Men in Australia Telephone Survey (MATeS) of 5990 Australian men aged 40 years and older interviewed between September and December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported diagnosis of prostate disease and erectile dysfunction (ED), help-seeking behaviour (including visiting a doctor, prostate-specific antigen testing, treatment of prostate disease, speaking to a health professional about ED and treatment of ED). RESULTS: Age was a significant predictor of all help-seeking behaviour studied, other than treatment for ED. Controlling for all predictor variables, never-married status predicted a lower likelihood of visiting a doctor (odds ratio [OR], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.48-0.97]) or speaking to a health professional about ED (OR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.21-0.93]), while divorced/separated status predicted lower likelihood of having a prostate-specific antigen test (OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.50-0.79]). Living in a regional or remote area or being from a non-English-speaking background predicted lower likelihood of receiving treatment for ED (ORs, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.42-0.92] and 0.41 [95% CI, 0.24-0.72], respectively), but did not influence screening for prostate disease. CONCLUSION: Seeking advice or treatment for male reproductive health disorders is predicted by sociodemographic factors specific to different reproductive health problems. As middle-aged and older men do attend doctors, opportunities exist for health professionals to optimise their consultations by routinely discussing reproductive health with all men, to identify under-reported male reproductive health disorders.