医院科研课题中期管理的做法

针对目前科研课题管理中出现的只注重科研立项、成果鉴定即投入产出阶段，而轻视科研课题中期管理的不良倾向，天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院采取的具体措施是：①建立严格的科研课题中期管理制度，实行规范化管理；②做好科研课题的中期检查与评估；③加强科研课题的经费管理，提高经费使用效益；④加强对科研协作的组织管理；⑤提高科管人员素质。     

科研与防治并重,促进临朐胃癌现场工作持续发展

临朐胃癌高发防治研究现场自1983年建立以来,科研与防治并重,促进了胃癌防治研究的发展,在现场先后完成了4项大型国际合作课题及8项国家科研课题,取得国家及省部级成果6项,摸清了胃癌的高危险因素及保护性因素,健全了肿瘤发病及全死因登记,加强现场管理及质量控制,开展了阻断胃癌的化学干预研究及早诊早治、防癌宣传等一、二级预防措施.     

密切值法综合评价医学科研课题产出质量

[目的]运用密切值法对医学科研课题产出的质量进行综合评价。[方法]选择9个用于评价科研课题产出质量的指标，将相应数据转化成当量值，进而运用密切值法对1993年。1997年的课题质量进行综合评价。[结果]1997年的课题质量最好，而1994年的课题质量最差。[结论]密切值法能够准确合理地评价科研课题的产出质量。     

院内临床科研课题管理方法的探讨

初步分析近年我院院内临床科研课题资助项目管理情况,提出院内临床科研项目开展在整体医院管理中的平衡思维.重要的是把握好临床与科研的平衡发展,以科研促临床;把握好院外资助与院内资助课题的平衡发展,以院内资助促院外资助;把握好院内各级各类专业人员的平衡发展,把握各科室承担课题的平衡;以点带面、突出中青年,确保科研开展有可扩展性的群众基础;把握过程管理的前、中、后期平衡,加强中期管理.     

河北省医院病理科质量管理与控制工作及其体会

病理质量管理与控制直接影响医院整体医疗质量。文章结合河北省病理质量管理与控制工作的体会，探讨病理质控的特点、内涵、必要性、实施措施及持续改进。     

超声内镜的作用

超声内镜（EUS）约于25年前引进，其主要目的是更好地观察胰腺。与经腹壁超声相比，它具有一定的优越性。本综述讨论了截至2008年EUS在临床上用于患者管理的作用，尤其是它对手术治疗的影响。从文献来看，EUS最适中检测胆总管结石（如，在急性胰腺炎中）、检测小型外分泌／内分泌肿瘤、以及在胰腺肿块中引导细针抽吸。在其他领域，如慢性胰腺炎和胰腺囊性病变，     

胰腺囊性肿瘤：观察还是手术？

背景 随着成像技术的进步，胰腺囊性病变的检出率不断增高。其中多数病变为小型囊肿，且无症状，但可能与胰腺炎有相关性，或有恶变潜力。因此，对此类患者进行管理并非易事，有必要掌握胰腺囊肿的自然史和胰腺癌的预测因子。目的 本研究的目的是确定胰腺囊性肿瘤的发生率、自然史和预测因子，以确定哪些患者只须接受观察即可、哪些患者需要予以手术。方法自1995年1月至2002年12月，     

肿瘤医院继续为社区预防服务──在第七届全国肿瘤医院管理学术研讨会上的讲话摘要

当前，随着经济发展、社会进步和人口老龄化，我国的疾病谱、死亡谱正在发生变化，我们正面临着传染性疾病和非传染性慢病的双重挑战，为顺应医学模式的转变和与国际接轨，卫生部党组按照国务院体制改革的精神，在去年对卫生部的机构进行了调整，将原来的卫生防疫司扩大职能组建成疾病控制司，增设了非传染性疾病控制处。将严重危害人民生命和健康已成为严重的公共卫生问题的重点非传染性慢病（如肿瘤、心血管病、脑血管病、糖尿病、牙病等）归口疾病控制司管理，其目的就是为了加大疾病预防与控制工作的刀度。近年来肿瘤发病死亡情况非常严…     

根据小型活检标本肺癌组织学分型诊断的可靠性

根据小型活检标本肺癌组织学分型诊断的可靠性任少华，徐少杰，黄渊不同组织类型的肺癌需要采用不同的治疗方法，才能取得良好疗效。但在临床工作中往往只能根据经纤支镜或经皮肺穿刺活检的小型标本进行组织学分型诊断，并根据报告做出治疗决定。本文就小型活检标本分型诊...     

肿瘤专科医院主要病种医疗费用分析

根据卫生部《病种质量控制标准）（试行草案），湖南省卫生厅《湖南省肿瘤病种质量控制标准）（试行），湖南省肿瘤医院从1995年元月起开始试行对种单病种质量管理，现就lops年、ITh年的医疗费用，住院天数及单病种收费标准等情况进行分析，以此评价医院在为病人服务过程中是否真正实现了“低费用，短疗程，高疗效’怕9服务宗旨。资料与方法本文收集了lops年、1996年该院21种肿瘤病种进行单病种分析（IC－9分类），分别就医疗费用，住院天数与控制标准无数及单病种收费标准等进行对比与分析。1．医疗费用：根据湖南省卫生厅要求ITh年医药…     

NURSING RESEARCH WITHIN BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN EUROPE: AN EVALUATION

The limited contribution of nursing research and the utilisation of research findings in the field of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in Europe have been identified as issues needing further attention. Reasons behind these issues include the lack of nursing training in research techniques, problems with funding nursing research, staff shortages and language barriers. An overall research strategy for nurses has been suggested as well as academic research support for those nurses who do not feel confident carrying out research projects. A small scale study in four European BMT centres identified that the main nursing research priorities included isolation techniques, psychosocial and quality of life issues, staff issues, central line catheter care and mouth care/management of oral mucositis. The same study also showed that only 20% of the BMT units regularly use research and research findings in their day-to-day nursing practice.     

我国胃肠道肿瘤生物样本库建设与发展15年回顾*

肿瘤生物样本库是转化医学研究与精准医学研究的重要基础设施,在欧美等国家倍受重视。纵观我国胃肠道肿瘤生物样本库建设与发展走过的15年历程,在样本库建设形式上经历了最早的项目驱动性科室建设模式,发展到区域生物样本库网络融合模式,再到即将纳入国家重大基础研究设施建设规划模式。在样本库建设内容上,从最初仅收集患者外周血与肿瘤组织模式,至患者体液（血液与尿液）、组织及临床病理学信息同步收集与信息化管理模式。高质量的肿瘤生物样本是支撑我国胃肠道肿瘤研究领域开展国内或者国际重大合作研究项目的材料与信息资源保障。本文详尽介绍了我国胃肠道肿瘤生物样本库建设15年来的经验与存在问题,尤其对研究人员关心的长期低温冻存肿瘤组织生物样本的质量控制问题进行了介绍。      

Management de la qualité et de la sécurité en radiothérapie « Quel rôle pour les qualiticiens ? » : exemple au centre Alexis-Vautrin

Since 2007, the Centre Alexis-Vautrin Cancer Institute in Nancy began its safety and quality assurance management policy in the department of radiation oncology. This development induced a collaborative workflow between the quality unit and the department of radiation oncology, with a definition of the responsibilities. The quality unit provides its methodology for the quality assurance, the professionals of the radiation oncology department their expertise. In parallel, a quality referee was nominated in the radiation oncology department to implement the projects for improvement, linked with the quality assurance unit, and under the control of the radiation oncology department staff.     

Improving cancer control in Canada one case at a time: the "Knowledge Translation in Cancer" casebook

Purpose

In-the-field projects aiming to improve quality in cancer control provide a valuable complement to health services and knowledge translation (kt) research studies. The present paper describes the methods used to develop the Knowledge Translation for Cancer Control in Canada: A Casebook and its results.

Methods

Nominations for in-the-field projects were accepted from individuals and organizations across Canada. The nominations had to demonstrate that a specific cancer control problem was identified; that a deliberate and organized effort was developed and implemented to address the identified problem; and that an evaluation—formal or informal—was used to assess the effort. A selection of nominated cases were chosen for more comprehensive analysis.

Results

Thirty nominations were received. Most tackled problems related to treatment or diagnosis. Challenges related to breast, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary cancer were most common among the disease-specific projects, and most projects were regional in scope, with strategies targeting organizational solutions. Of the 30 nominations, 19 were chosen for further analysis. Of those 19, 5 were influenced by a kt model or theory, and 16 reported formal evaluation strategies. Surveys were the most common evaluation method, and process outcomes and clinical surrogate outcomes were the most frequently cited. Financial and administrative challenges were most often cited as key barriers. The key lessons learned concerned the need for a collaborative high-functioning team, project management, and support.

Conclusions

The casebook provides tangible examples of in-the-field efforts to improve cancer control and provides practical direction for other individuals and institutions facing similar challenges. We discuss the interface between field projects and research projects in the kt arena and how mutual learning can help to optimize the value of each approach.     

关于细胞制剂产品质量研究与质量控制的一些思考

近年来,细胞治疗成为研究热点,为肿瘤等重大和难治性疾病提供了新的治疗手段.本文针对细胞制剂产品的特点,提出细胞制剂产品质量研究和质量控制的一些思路和原则,包括生产质量管理规范、细胞制剂产品生产用原材料、制备工艺与过程控制、质量研究和质量控制等,希望通过不断完善的质量管理推进细胞制剂产品研发的健康发展.     

The NCI Digital Divide Pilot Projects: Implications for cancer education

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) supported four innovative demonstration research projects, “The Digital Divide Pilot Projects”, to test new strategies for disseminating health information via computer to vulnerable consumers. These projects involved active research collaborations between the NCI’s Cancer Information Service (CIS) and regional cancer control researchers to field test new approaches for enhancing cancer communication in vulnerable communities. The projects were able to use computers to successfully disseminate relevant cancer information to vulnerable populations. These demonstration research projects suggested effective new strategies for using communication technologies to educate underserved populations about cancer prevention, control, and care.     

Measuring and improving performance in multicenter research consortia

BACKGROUND: Some evidence suggests that the quality of the organization and management of research consortia influences productivity and staff satisfaction. Collaborators in a research consortium generally focus on developing and implementing studies and thus rarely assess the process of collaboration. We present an approach to evaluating and improving a research consortium, using the HMO Cancer Research Network (CRN) as an example. METHODS: Five domains are evaluated: extent of collaboration and quality of communication; performance of projects and infrastructure; data quality; scientific productivity; and impact on member organizations. The primary assessment tool is a survey of CRN scientists and project staff, undertaken annually. RESULTS: Each year, the evaluation has identified critical aspects of this collaboration that could be improved. Several tangible changes have been implemented to improve productivity of the consortium. The most important result of the CRN Evaluation is the ability to have open dialogue about ways to improve its overall performance. CONCLUSION: Optimizing the process of collaboration will contribute to achievement of the scientific goals. The experience of the CRN provides a useful framework and process for evaluating the structure of consortium-based research.     

Building a research consortium of large health systems: the Cancer Research Network

Critical questions about cancer prevention, care, and outcomes increasingly require research involving large patient populations and their care delivery organizations. The Cancer Research Network (CRN) includes 11 integrated health systems funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to conduct collaborative cancer research. This article describes the challenges of constructing a productive consortium of large health systems, and explores the CRN's responses. The CRN was initially funded through an NCI cooperative agreement in 1999 and has since received a second 4-year grant. Leadership and policy development are provided through a steering committee, subcommittees, and an external advisory committee. The CRN includes integral and affiliated research projects supported by a Scientific and Data Resources Core. Three characteristics of the CRN intensified the general challenges of consortium research: 1) its members are large health systems with legitimate concerns about confidentiality of data about enrollees, providers, and the organization; 2) CRN research projects often generate highly sensitive data about quality of care; and therefore 3) each participating organization wants a strong voice in CRN direction. CRN experience to date confirms that a consortium of health systems with internal research capacity can address a range of important cancer research questions that would be difficult to study in other venues. The advantages and challenges of consortium research are explored, with suggestions for the development, execution, and management of multisystem population laboratories.     

Oncology data management in the UK--BODMA's view. British Oncology Data Managers Association.

Over the past 10 years, the original partnership of clinician and statistician for the running of clinical research projects, especially clinical trials, has come to be supplemented by the data manager and trial coordinator. Increasing numbers of such personnel are now being employed, covering a wide diversity of work areas, including clinical research, medical audit and the cancer registries. The British Oncology Data Managers Association (BODMA) was founded in 1987 and is now in a good position to review the current status of data management in the UK. It is proposed that a national network of data managers and trial coordinators within specialist trials centres, oncology departments and district general hospitals, with a good training programme, plus a recognised career structure, is the way to make the best use of this key resource. BODMA is addressing many of these issues and aims to improve and maintain the quality of data management.