蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的诊断和治疗(附3例报告)

目的探讨鼻内镜在蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的诊断和治疗中的作用.方法3例蝶窦后鼻孔息肉患者均在鼻内镜下切除息肉.结果术后平均随访12个月,3例患者头痛及鼻塞症状均消失,息肉未复发,无并发症发生.结论鼻内镜检查和CT扫描是诊断蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的重要辅助方法;经鼻内镜手术是蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的首选治疗方法.     

蝶窦后鼻孔息肉8例临床分析

目的　分析蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法　回顾性分析8例蝶窦后鼻孔息肉患者。结果　5例患者表现为孤立性蝶窦病变,早期出现鼻后滴漏5例,头痛4例。3例患者表现为蝶窦后鼻孔息肉伴多组鼻窦炎。8例患者均行鼻内镜检查和鼻窦CT扫描。行鼻内镜下蝶窦手术,随访7个月～12年未见复发。6例息肉根蒂与蝶窦内囊肿相连,1例源于蝶窦前内壁,1例源于蝶窦前下壁。结论　患者出现鼻后滴漏、头痛、单侧鼻塞时应考虑到患该病,及时行鼻内镜、电子鼻咽镜检查及鼻窦CT扫描,鼻内镜下蝶窦手术是治疗该病的有效方法。术中扩大蝶窦开口、彻底切除息肉蒂部及囊肿壁是蝶窦后鼻孔息肉手术治疗的重点和防止术后复发的关键。     

蝶窦后鼻孔息肉3例

目的：探讨蝶窦后鼻孔息肉的诊治方法,提高其诊治水平。方法：3例蝶窦后鼻孔息肉患者术前均行鼻窦CT及鼻内镜检查;手术于鼻内镜下进行,查清根蒂起源后彻底钳除蝶窦口周或窦内息肉根蒂。结果：随访半年余,未见复发。结论：鼻窦CT及鼻内镜检查是确定后鼻孔息肉根蒂起源的主要方法;鼻内镜下彻底钳除蝶窦口周或窦内息肉根蒂是蝶窦后鼻孔息肉手术治疗的重点,是防止术后复发的关键。     

应用鼻内镜治疗孤立性蝶窦病变(附9例报告)

随着鼻内镜技术发展 ,鼻内镜的治疗不仅仅局限于鼻腔疾病 ,而且延伸到颅底等领域。蝶窦的解剖部位深在 ,常规检查较难发现阳性体征 ,随着CT与MRI的临床应用 ,诊断水平已明显提高 ,本文报道应用鼻内镜治疗 9例蝶窦病变情况。1　资料与方法1 .1　临床资料近年来我科共诊治蝶窦病变 9例 ,其中右蝶窦囊肿 3例、左蝶窦囊肿 2例、右蝶窦霉菌病 2例、左蝶窦炎性息肉 2例 ,病史 1 0天至 6个月 ,均为头痛不适或痰中带血 ,经行CT扫描检查发现蝶窦病变 ,其中 1例提示蝶窦周边骨质破坏吸收。1 .2　手术方法本组 9例术前 30min均肌注阿托品 0 .5mg、安…     

后鼻孔息肉的临床类型和诊断及鼻内镜手术

目的探讨后鼻孔息肉的临床类型、诊断及鼻内镜手术的方法和效果。方法总结1998年1月至2005年12月收治的34例后鼻孔息肉患者的临床资料，分析其发病方式、来源、临床表现、与鼻窦的关系以及鼻内镜手术技巧和疗效。结果①18例发病源于鼻窦囊肿或息肉，其中上颌窦17例，后筛窦1例；②5例发病分别源于鼻囟门或蝶筛隐窝、蝶窦口黏膜，同侧上颌窦或蝶窦积脓或黏膜水肿；③11例发病分别源于中鼻甲、钩突、嗅沟鼻中隔和筛泡前壁黏膜，邻近的鼻窦正常；④全部病例均行鼻内镜手术切除后鼻孔息肉及相应鼻窦开放，术后无复发。结论①建议诊断后鼻孔息肉应分为窦内型、鼻窦阻塞型和单纯型三种临床类型，遵循以临床类型为依据的手术原则，选择合理的术式和范围；②鼻内镜和鼻一鼻窦CT检查可以在术前明确后鼻孔息肉的诊断和临床类型；③鼻内镜手术治疗后鼻孔息肉准确、微创，彻底切除息肉蒂基部，防止复发。     

孤立性蝶窦病变的临床诊断与微创手术

目的　探讨孤立性蝶窦病变的临床诊断及微创手术方法。方法　对收治的 2 8例孤立性蝶窦病变的临床资料进行回顾性分析并文献复习。结果　 2 8例病人术前均经CT或 /和MRI及鼻内镜确诊。术后病理检查证实为蝶窦炎症 6例 (其中伴后鼻孔息肉 4例 )、蝶窦真菌感染 7例、蝶窦黏膜下囊肿 1 0例、蝶窦黏液囊肿 4例(其中 2例侵犯颅底及眼眶、1例至鼻中隔 )、蝶窦内翻性乳头状瘤 1例。 2 8例全部治愈。结论　对临床上有不明原因的头痛、头晕、眼部症状、回缩涕血有必要结合影像学检查及鼻内镜检查 ,以便早期确诊。鼻内镜下鼻腔进路联合切割吸引器对蝶窦病变进行微创手术是治疗孤立性蝶窦病变的一个安全有效的手术方式。     

经鼻内镜治疗上颌窦出血坏死性息肉37例

目的提高对上颌窦出血坏死性息肉的认识,探讨有效的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾分析1998年5月~2005年6月37例经鼻内镜治疗的上颌窦出血坏死性息肉的临床资料。结果37例均顺利完成手术,术后均经病理确诊,临床症状消失,随访无复发。结论上颌窦出血性息肉在临床表现上无特异性,鼻窦CT有助于对出血坏死性息肉明确诊断,经鼻内镜手术效果确切且微创,对于骨破坏及病变范围广泛者行鼻内镜-柯陆氏联合径路是治疗的最有效方法。     

孤立性蝶窦病变的回顾性分析

目的 探讨孤立性蝶窦病变的诊断和治疗体会。方法 回顾性分析21例孤立性蝶窦病变的蝶窦CT扫描片，分析其病理类型和外科治疗效果。结果 CT扫描片显示，21例病例中，翼内型的蝶窦7例(33．3％)，翼外型的蝶窦14例(66．6％)。术后病理学检查，霉菌病7例，蝶窦囊肿5例，炎症6例，息肉3例。经鼻内镜手术治疗后，19例(90％)一次性治愈，2例复发病例经再手术治愈。结论 对霉菌、囊肿、炎症和息肉等孤立性蝶窦病变，根据蝶窦的类型，选择恰当的鼻内镜进路的术式，效果满意。     

HRCT与鼻内镜对鼻窦炎鼻息肉相关异常诊断的比较

目的对照鼻窦炎鼻息肉的冠状位HRCT表现与FESS术中内镜所见,比较两种方法对鼻腔内间隙、窦口等异常的精确诊断能力。方法详细记录102例(202侧)鼻窦炎鼻息肉冠状位HRCT表现与FESS手术中所见。结果①对鼻腔内间隙和上颌窦口狭窄的检出,CT优于内镜;对前筛口、后筛口和蝶窦口的显示,内镜优于CT。②中鼻道息肉和鼻中隔偏曲的诊断率,内镜高于CT。③上颌窦内异常,如黏稠脓液、黏膜增厚、息肉、黏膜囊肿等,CT表现有一定特点。结论冠状位HRCT和内镜对鼻窦炎鼻息肉相关异常的精确诊断各有优势,应该互相补充、印证,不可以相互替代。     

霉菌性鼻窦炎临床诊治分析

目的探讨霉菌性鼻窦炎的诊断分型和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析21例霉菌性鼻窦炎病人临床资料，全组病例均行手术治疗，其中功能性鼻窦内镜手术(FESS)13例、柯陆氏5例、鼻内镜下单纯蝶窦开放术1例、FESS加蝶窦开放术2例。结果21例病人均治愈，且均经术后病理证实。结论霉菌性鼻窦炎以上颌窦多发，蝶窦、筛窦次之、额窦最少，分型以非侵袭性霉菌性鼻窦炎最常见，CT检查是早期诊断的有效途径。疗效预后关键在于鼻窦开放程度、引流通畅与否。     

Sphenochoanal polyp: report of two cases

OBJECTIVE: Report of 2 cases of sphenochoanal polyp. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We present two cases of sphenochoanal polyp aged of 22 and 53. They were operated by endonasal endoscopic approach. They are still free of symptoms and no recurrence are observed after 13 and 56 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The clinical, radiological and pathological features of the sphenochoanal polyp are reviewed. Different etiopathogenic hypothesis are discussed and particular the gastroesophageal reflux. The treatment is surgical.     

鼻内镜手术治疗上颌窦良性占位性病变

目的探讨上颌窦良性占位性病变的CT诊断及鼻内镜手术疗效。方法回顾性分析51例上颌窦良性占位性病变的临床资料,临床表现主要有涕中带血、头痛、面部麻木、视力改变等。所有病例术前均行CT检查,术后并经病理检查证实。结果51例中囊肿27例,真菌感染13例,息肉6例,内翻性乳头状瘤3例,出血坏死性息肉1例,血管瘤1例。随访6～24个月,2例复发,治愈率96.1%,无术后并发症。结论上颌窦良性占位性病变以囊肿、真菌性上颌窦炎多见;CT检查有利于本病的诊断及手术方案的制定;鼻内镜手术是治疗上颌窦良性占位性病变的优选术式。     

Choanal polyp of sphenoidal origin

Sphenochoanal polyp is a rare entity which originates in the sphenoid sinus cavity and extends into the choana via the ostium. It presents in a similar manner to the more common antrochoanal polyp. Radiological examination is necessary to differentiate between these two types. We present a case of sphenochoanal polyp and review the clinical, radiological and pathological features. The role of endoscopic sinus surgery is emphasised. Received: 31 December 1999 / Accepted: 25 February 2000     

Isolated sphenoid sinus disease: an analysis of 122 cases

Isolated sphenoid sinus disease (ISSD) is a relatively uncommon disease. The present study is a retrospective review of 122 patients with ISSD who were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital at Shanghai Medical University over a 25-year period. The diagnosis of ISSD was made on the basis of history and physical examination, signs and symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The final diagnosis of ISSD was confirmed by histopathologic and microbiological examinations of the surgical specimens. The pathological findings in this study included sphenoid cyst (47 cases), sphenoid sinusitis (31 cases), fungal disease (19 cases), inverted papilloma (4 cases), sphenochoanal polyp (1 case), foreign body (8 cases), malignant tumors (8 cases), and others (4 cases). The most common initial symptom was headache, followed in decreasing order by visual changes, cranial nerve palsies, and nasal symptoms. The more frequent use of routine CT and MRI scanning, as well as endoscopy, in the diagnosis of sinus disease has led to an increase in the early diagnosis of ISSD. The recent advances in endoscopic sphenoidotomy has allowed for relatively safe and immediate treatment of ISSD, preventing late extension into adjacent vital structures, which is commonly fatal. Endoscopic surgery also enables the surgeon to make a precise pathological diagnosis.     

Sphenochoanal polyp: endoscopic surgery

Sphenochoanal polyp is a rare entity originating from sphenoid sinus. It may be confused with antrochoanal polyp on anterior rhinoscopy because of its similar appearance. Computerized tomography and nasal endoscopy have contributed to an increase of accuracy in the diagnosis of these masses. Simple polypectomy that leaves some part of the polyp inside the sphenoid sinus carries a high risk of recurrence. Destructive external approaches to gain access to the sphenoid sinus are also not advisable in children for a benign disease. We present two cases of sphenochoanal polyps in two children that were operated by endonasal endoscopic approach. They were free of symptoms after surgery. No complications and recurrences were observed at 28 and 18 months of follow-up periods respectively.     

Radiologic assessment preoperative to endoscopic sinus surgery

At our institution, the screening coronal section CT scan has largely replaced the use of the sinus series for the initial evaluation of patients suspected to have sinus pathology. However, in those patients with obvious mucosal disease on endoscopic examination, the screening coronal section CT scan is bypassed and a complete coronal section CT scan obtained. Axial section CT scans are not routinely obtained and bone windows are consistently selected for viewing.     

冠状CT扫描及三维重建在鼻科的应用

为了寻求对鼻、鼻窦病变，窦口鼻道复合体解剖结构有较好的显示方法，获得较为真实的影像，使鼻肉镜手术更安全，可靠、彻底，对１６８例鼻窦炎及１０７例鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者行鼻窦冠状ＣＴ扫描，并对ＯＭＣ进行三维重建，同时与内镜检查及正常组相对照。