儿童肌纤维瘤的影像学表现

目的:分析儿童肌纤维瘤的影像学表现,提高对此病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析本院2010年1月-2020年5月经手术病理证实的16例肌纤维瘤患儿的病例资料。12例行CT平扫,其中9例行CT增强扫描,5例行MRI平扫,其中4例行MRI增强扫描。观察分析肌纤维瘤的部位、数目、大小、形态、边界、有无骨侵犯、密度/信号和强化方式等征象。结果:16例共检出32个病灶,其中2例为多发病灶(分别有6和12个)。发病部位:头颈部6例,四肢5例,躯干2例,骨内2例(其中1例为多发),1例累及四肢、躯干等多部位;孤立性肿块14例,多中心性病变2例;9例呈类圆形,7例呈不规则形;5例边界清晰,11例边界模糊;2例骨质受侵犯。8例CT平扫呈低或稍低密度,1例呈稍高密度,3例呈混杂密度;CT增强扫描显示5例呈轻度不均匀强化,4例呈明显不均匀强化。MRI平扫T₁WI上3例呈等~低信号,2例呈等~稍高信号;T₂WI上4例呈高~低混杂信号,1例呈稍高信号;4例MRI增强呈明显不均匀强化。随访中有2例复发。结论:儿童肌纤维瘤是一种罕见的软组织肿瘤,其CT及MRI表现具有一定的特征性。     

Solitary myofibroma of the lumbar vertebra: adult case

We present the first known adult case of solitary myofibroma of bone, which affected a lumbar vertebra in a 33-year-old male. Radiography identified a purely lytic lesion with a sclerotic rim in the right pedicle of L1. CT showed an expansile lytic lesion with a sclerotic rim. MRI of the lesion revealed an isointense signal on T1-weighted images, an inhomogeneously hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images, and marked enhancement with gadolinium. Pathological study showed a mixed picture of nodular proliferation of spindle-shaped myoid cells and hemangiopericytomatous proliferation of short spindle/small round cells. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for smooth muscle actin and immunonegative for desmin. This case of solitary myofibroma of bone is exceptionally rare because of its occurrence in an adult older than 20 years of age and its location at an extra-craniofacial site.     

CT and MR imaging of a solitary fibrous tumor of the thigh

Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor usually involving the pleura. Extrapleural lesions may also occur. We report the CT and MRI appearance of a solitary fibrous tumor of the thigh.The imaging features as well as the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics are presented, especially its reactivity to the CD34 antigen. The tumor is most often benign, particularly in extra-pleural location, with good prognosis after total resection. Imaging is mainly useful to locate the tumor and assess its extension prior to surgery.     

Solitary intramuscular myofibroma in an adult: Case report and MR imaging findings

Myofibroma is a benign, soft tissue neoplasm that predominantly affects infants and young children. Most occur in the skin or subcutaneous tissues, with a predilection for the head and neck regions. We describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histophathologic findings of a rare case of intramuscular myofibroma of the right deltoid in a healthy 30-year-old male. MR imaging revealed a well-circumscribed intramuscular mass, with isointense signal on T1-weighted images, hyperintense signal on T2-weighed images, and a “target-sign” with peripheral rim enhancement after gadolinium administration. The lesion was surgically excised with no complications, and the histopathologic analysis revealed the typical morphologic and histochemical markers of a myofibroma. We conclude that, although rare, myofibroma can be considered in the differential diagnosis of adults with lesions the above signal characteristics.     

The prognostic importance of CT features in primary intracranial lymphoma.

The correlation of computerized tomography (CT) features with survival of 28 patients with primary intracranial lymphoma was analysed retrospectively. Severe perifocal oedema, periventricular tumours and lesions which were non-homogenously enhancing or non-enhancing were found to be associated with a poor prognosis. The prognosis when multiple lesions were present was almost the same as that of a solitary lesion (p = 0.95). Ring enhancing lesions had considerably longer survival. Lesions in the frontal region and those close to the meninges, enhancing homogeneously, had a better prognosis.     

Imaging of solitary maxillo-mandibular plasmacytoma]

CT was performed in three patients with plasmacytoma of the maxilla and mandible. CT allows improved depiction of the tumor and associated local invasion and bony destruction but remains non-specific. Histology is mandatory for diagnosis and work-up necessary to confirm the solitary nature of the lesion. Intraosseous intramedullary lesions often evolve to multiple myeloma after a few years whereas extramedullary lesions, commonly involving sinonasal structures, typically remain solitary.     

Miofibromatosis infantil. Un caso estudiado con ecografía y resonancia magnética de cuerpo entero

Infantile myofibromatosis, despite being considered a rare condition, is the most common fibrous tumour in infancy. It is characterised by the presence of benign fibroblastic-myofibroblastic lesions. It usually occurs in children under two years-old, but it can appear at any age. The solitary form (myofibromas) may affect the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, muscle or bone. In the multi-centred form (myofibromatosis), there may also be visceral lesions. The lesions usually regress spontaneously in one or two years, with the prognosis being excellent in these cases. However, when there is visceral involvement, the prognosis is poor and treatment with chemotherapy is indicated. Lung involvement is more associated with a poor prognosis. Although the definitive diagnosis is by histopathology, diagnostic imaging tests are essential for characterising the lesions, establishing the extent of the disease, assessing visceral involvement, and following up the progression of the lesions.     

胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析总结胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现及病理基础,提高诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析30例经病理证实的胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT、MRI表现。5例患者仅进行了CT检查,19例患者仅进行了MR检查,6例同时行CT和MR检查。结果:30例患者均为单发病灶,其中13例位于中枢神经系统,7例位于头颈部、6例位于腹盆腔、1例位于食管、1例位于乳腺、1例位于腹股沟、1例位于耻骨。病灶多呈类圆形或长圆形,部分病例可见分叶或形态不规则。CT平扫颅内病灶呈不均匀等低密度或均匀稍高密度,其余病灶CT平扫呈均匀软组织密度。头颈部病灶T₁WI呈较均匀等低信号,其余病灶T₁WI呈欠均匀等低信号,T₂WI信号混杂,可见等、低、高信号;15例病灶边缘或病灶内可见血管流空信号。增强扫描颅内病灶呈明显不均匀强化,其余病灶呈中度到明显不均匀强化,腹盆腔病灶可见渐进性强化;T₂低信号区可见强化,坏死囊变区未见强化。免疫组化可见CD34、STAT-6、VIM、CD99、 Bcl-2阳性。结论:胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤分布广泛,病理基础决定其信号...     

MRT-Morphologie von Knochentumoren und tumorähnlichen Läsionen

Spin-echo sequences are mandatory at MRI for staging and characterization of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. MRI is of minor value in the estimation of the malignant potential of an osseous lesion. Although many bone tumors and tumor-like lesions present similar morphology at MRI, some entities can be diagnosed with good reliability. These include chondrogenic tumors, solitary and aneurysmal bone cysts, giant cell tumors, lesions containing fatty tissue and, to a certain extent, osteoid-osteomas and osteoblastomas. Practical advice is given regarding when to perform a MRI study in cases of tumor suspicion. Further advices are given for cases a tumor is found incidentally at a MRI study, how to modify the study and which kind of tumor may be present.     

眼眶孤立性纤维瘤的MRI表现

目的：探讨MRI诊断眼眶孤立性纤维瘤的价值。方法：回顾性分析5例经病理证实的孤立性纤维瘤,5例均作眼眶MRI扫描,对其MRI表现进行研究分析。结果：5例眼眶孤立性纤维瘤为单发、边界清楚肿块,大小1.6-3.8 cm。发生于泪腺1例,肌锥内间隙2例,肌锥外间隙2例。平扫T1WI肿瘤呈等、稍低信号,T2WI信号不均匀,2例呈等、稍低信号,2例呈等、稍高信号,1例呈高信号。增强扫描4例呈明显较均匀强化,1例呈轻度至中度强化。结论：眼眶孤立性纤维瘤MRI表现具有一定特征性,明确诊断需结合免疫组织化学分析。     

Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors: imaging findings in 6 consecutive patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (ISFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms originating in the meninges. The aim of this study was to describe the CT, MR imaging, and angiographic features of the solitary fibrous tumor and to identify imaging characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT, MR, and angiographic findings in 6 cases of ISFT. We evaluated the size, shape, and location of the tumor; the internal content and margin of the lesion; the pattern of enhancement; and the change of the adjacent structures. Density on noncontrast CT scans, signal intensity on MR images, and angiographic features were also documented. RESULTS: Each lesion appeared as a discrete extra-axial mass (size, 3-7 cm; mean, 5 cm). Five lesions were entirely solid, and 1 had peritumoral cyst. All 5 of the noncontrast CT scans showed hyperattenuated masses, and the tumors exhibited marked heterogeneous enhancement. No lesion contained calcification, and 2 cases showed bone invasions. On the MR images, 4 lesions showed mixed signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging. All of the lesions revealed marked heterogeneous enhancement. All of the tumors had thickening of the meninges adjacent to the tumor. Angiography showed delayed tumor blushing in all, and 3 of them had dysplastic dilation of the tumor vessels. CONCLUSION: Although there are no pathognomonic imaging findings, some imaging features, such as the "black-and-white mixed" pattern on T2-weighted images and marked heterogeneous enhancement, might be helpful in the diagnosis of intracranial solitary fibrous tumor.     

腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤的影像诊断进展

腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤,位置隐匿,临床征象出现较晚且无特异性。但其影像表现具有一定特征性,在超声、CT、MRI等影像检查中可被发现,有利于临床诊断及治疗,但也需要与腹膜后边界较清楚的良性肿瘤及个别边界相对清楚的恶性病变鉴别,最终确诊需要病理学检查。对腹膜后孤立性纤维瘤的临床、病理表现及影像表现作一综述。     

Helical CT appearance of glomus tumor of the stomach

Glomus tumor occurs only rarely in the stomach. This benign intramural mass is located most frequently in the distal half of the stomach. We experienced two cases of glomus tumor of the stomach which were examined with helical CT and were confirmed pathologically. Both tumors were well-marginated solitary lesions, located in the gastric antrum. On the early-phase helical CT, an intact overlying mucosa was demonstrated in both cases, and both tumors showed a dense homogeneous contrast enhancement, which persisted to the delayed phase. Received: 26 January 1999; Revised: 18 May 1999; Accepted: 2 July 1999     

Histiocytosis X. II. Histologic appearance correlated to prognosis and extent of disease.

Specimens from 27 bone lesions of histiocytosis X were analysed semiquantitatively before treatment. Eosinophilic granulocytes seemed to be the only significant prognostic cell type. Absence of eosionphils or only slight eosinophilia in the initial bone lesions were found predominantly in widespread disease with fatal outcome. A moderate or severe degree of eosinophilia dominated in solitary bone lesions with good prognosis.     

Hepatic plasmacytomas: case report and review of imaging features

Extramedullary plasmacytomas are uncommon and have a better prognosis than disseminated myeloma. We describe the second case of hepatic plasmacytomas (multiple) following a solitary bone plasmacytoma. The imaging characteristics of the few reported cases of these rare hepatic tumours are compared. The value of ultrasound in the assessment of liver lesions is emphasized.     

Clinical significance of the increased uptake of a solitary rib lesion in the bone scintigraphy. Based on an osteoblastoma

A case of a bone tumor located in the right sixth rib detected by means of the bone scan as a solitary lesion is presented. Although the chest X-ray and CT were normal, a low signal intensity on T1 images and high-intensity on T2 images were seen in the MRI. The post-surgical histological diagnosis was osteoblastoma. A review of the clinical significance of solitary rib lesions which appear with increased uptake on bone scan was performed. When a differential diagnosis is made of a solitary rib lesion that appears on a bone scan, osteoblastoma should be considered.     

Giant Cell Tumor Pulmonary Metastases Mimic Primary Malignant Pulmonary Nodules on 18F-FDG PET/CT

A 59-year-old man with a 30-year history of multiple recurrences of a giant cell tumor (GCT) of the left knee was referred for an ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate a solitary pulmonary nodule. The nodule was mildly FDG-avid, raising suspicion of malignancy. It was excised and histologically proven to be a GCT pulmonary metastasis. A follow-up PET/CT done 2 years later revealed a new, larger lung mass that was more intensely FDG-avid, but of the same histology. This rare report highlights a pitfall in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary lesions by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in patients with GCT of the bone.     

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and hepatic cavernous hemangioma

As the most common benign hepatic tumor, hepatic hemangioma may be misinterpreted during radiographic cancer staging, inadvertently biopsied, or pursued surgically as a solitary malignancy. Two cases of hepatic hemangiomas discovered during hepatobiliary scintigraphy are presented: the first involving multiple anechoic lesions by ultrasound and the second involving a solitary echogenic lesion by ultrasound. Whereas the former patient eventuated in surgery solely for the evaluation of a space-occupying lesion, the latter was totally obstructed at the common bile duct; both patients' hemangiomas were documented surgically.     

Myofibroblastic inflammatory tumor of the lung

Myofibroblastic inflammatory tumor is a controversial entity that shows great variability in clinical presentation, histological findings, evolution, and prognosis. It is a rare cause of primary lung tumor in adults; however, it is the most common cause of lung tumors in children. The diagnosis is fundamentally histological, although histological diagnosis is not easy because myofibroblastic inflammatory tumor is characterized by a polymorphic cellular infiltration of variable cellular composition that could be similar to other diseases such as lymphoma or low-grade sarcoma. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman in whom a solitary pulmonary nodule was discovered incidentally at plain-film chest x-ray.     

Infantile myofibromatosis

 Infantile myofibromatosis is a mesenchymal tumor most commonly seen in infancy. The tumors have a variable appearance on CT/MR and often simulate a more aggressive neoplasm. This report describes CT/MR findings in cases of infantile myofibromatosis with pathologic correlation. Discussion into the success of imaging in suggesting the correct diagnosis is also addressed. Infantile myofibromatosis is a mesenchymal disorder of infancy characterized by the presence of tumorous nodules in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, viscera, and bone. Cases of solitary and multiple lesions have been described. We present the clinical, histologic, and radiographic findings of one case of the solitary form of infantile myofibromatosis that was recently diagnosed at our hospital.