Noninvasive measurement of human brain temperature adjacent to arteriovenous malformation using 3.0 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Object

The brain temperature at rest is determined by the balance between heat produced by cerebral energy turnover, which is identical to cerebral metabolism, and heat that is removed, primarily by cerebral blood flow. The present study investigated whether brain temperature measured by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy can detect cerebral hemodynamic impairment in patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) as shown by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Methods

Brain temperature, cerebral blood flow, and cerebrovascular reactivity were measured using proton MR spectroscopy and SPECT in five healthy volunteers and six patients with AVMs. Regions of interest were selected adjacent to the AVMs and in the corresponding contralateral region.

Results

Brain temperature around AVMs was calculated in all subjects using MR spectroscopy. The mean brain temperature in volunteers was 37.1 ± 0.41 °C. A significant correlation was observed between brain temperature ratio (affected side/contralateral side) and cerebrovascular reactivity ratio (affected side/contralateral side) (r = −0.82, p = 0.0480).

Conclusion

Brain temperature measured by proton MR spectroscopy can detect cerebral hemodynamic impairment in patients with AVMs. Further investigations regarding the relationships between brain temperature and clinical feature in patients with AVMs are needed.     

活体颅内肿瘤磁共振质子波谱的初步研究

目的：通过磁共振波谱研究初步揭示肿瘤的异常代谢状态与其组织学类型、良恶性分级以及临床病理生理过程之间的联系。方法：应用磁共振质子波谱对１３例活体颅内肿瘤组织的代谢化合物变化进行研究，并作了相对定量分析；将Ｃｈｏ／Ｃｒ、Ｃｈｏ／ＮＡＡ、Ｃｒ／ＮＡＡ等指标按照病理类型分组进行分析。结果：肿瘤组织的波谱表现为Ｃｈｏ／Ｃｒ、Ｃｈｏ／ＮＡＡ比值的普遍升高，不同种类的肿瘤之间上述指标变异较大；脑膜瘤组Ｃｈｏ／Ｃｒ比值明显高于胶质瘤组和正常人组，其Ｃｈｏ／ｃｒ比值的均数之间存在显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；良性与恶性肿瘤中均可出现乳酸（Ｌａｃ）信号。结论：颅内肿瘤的磁共振质子波谱变化可以反映肿瘤组织的病理类型和良恶性分级。有助于深入了解颅内肿瘤的生化代谢机制和临床病理、生理过程。     

轻度认知损害患者氢质子磁共振波谱随访研究

目的回顾分析并总结轻度认知损害(MCI)患者认知功能转归及脑组织代谢物氢质子磁共振波谱(~1H-MRS)特点。方法采用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评价量表(Mo CA)评价75例轻度认知损害患者和17例性别、年龄、受教育程度相匹配的正常对照者的认知功能,1H-MRS检测左侧海马和左侧额叶代谢物[包括N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、肌醇(m I)、谷氨酸复合物(Glx)]表达变化。结果与正常对照者相比,轻度认知损害患者左侧海马和左侧额叶Glx/Cr比值均降低(P=0.030,0.030)。至随访结束时,MCI组7例(9.33%)进展为阿尔茨海默病、55例(73.33%)认知功能无变化、13例(17.33%)逆转为认知功能正常;正常对照组13例(13/17)认知功能功能无变化,2例(2/17)进展为轻度认知损害,无一例进展为阿尔茨海默病。不同认知功能转化亚组中仅MCI-MCI组患者Glx/Cr比值高于MCI-AD组(P=0.040)。结论左侧海马和左侧额叶Glx/Cr比值降低可能是轻度认知损害患者认知功能恶化较敏感的生物学指标,尚待扩大样本量、延长随访时间深入研究。     

抑郁症首次发病患者海马磁共振质子波谱成像的研究

目的 探讨抑郁症首次发病患者海马的磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)代谢物质的变化.方法 对99例首次发病的抑郁症患者和26例健康对照组行磁共振常规扫描及1H-MRS检查,测量双侧海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)三种代谢物质,计算NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值.结果 抑郁症患者海马NAA/Cr左右侧比值(1.23±0.16;1.16±0.16)低于对照组NAA/Cr左右侧比值(1.38±0.23;1.31±0.26),差异有显著性(P<0.05);抑郁症患者海马体部Cho/Cr左右侧比值(1.19±0.14;1.18±0.12)高于对照组Cho/Cr左右侧比值(1.14±0.12;1.11±0.14),差异有显著性(P<0.05).对照组左右侧NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).抑郁症组右侧NAA/Cr低于左侧,差异显著(P<0.05);左侧Cho/Cr高于右侧,差异不明显(P>0.05).结论 抑郁症患者可能存在双侧海马神经细胞代谢功能障碍,右侧神经细胞功能障碍较左侧明显.     

脑质子磁共振波谱分析对早期帕金森病诊断价值的初步研究

目的探讨质子磁共振波谱（1H—MRS）在早期帕金森病（Parkinson’sdisease,PD）诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对20例偏侧PD患者（Hoehn-YahrI级）和20例年龄匹配正常对照者双侧纹状体进行1H-MRS检测,对比分析PD患者与正常对照者的纹状体N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸（NAA）／肌酸复合物（Cr）和含胆碱化合物（Cho）／Cr比值的变化。结果PD患者患侧肢体对侧纹状体NAA／Cr比值显著低于同侧和正常对照者（P〈0．05）,Cho／Cr比值显著高于同侧和正常对照者（P〈0．05）;但PD患者患侧肢体同侧纹状体NAA／Cr和Cho／Cr比值与正常对照者比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论1H-MRS是可以为偏侧PD患者纹状体的神经细胞病理学改变提供有价值的信息的一种无创技术,有助于早期PD的诊断。     

难治性抑郁症患者海马代谢的磁共振质子波谱研究

目的 探讨难治性抑郁症患者双侧海马磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)的代谢特点.方法 运用1H-MRS成像系统检测16例难治性抑郁症患者(患者组)和16名健康对照者(对照组)双侧海马的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌醇(mI)及肌酸(Cr)4种代谢产物,分别计算双侧NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr及mI/Cr.采用配对t检验、独立样本t检验及偏相关分析进行统计处理.结果 对照组左侧海马NAA/Cr(1.43±0.19),明显高于右侧(1.21±0.10),P＜0.01.患者组双侧海马NAA/Cr的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),右侧海马NAA/Cr(1.44±0.31),明显高于对照组(1.21±0.10),P＜0.01.未发现患者组海马的任何代谢指标与病程及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(17项)评分的相关性(P＞0.05).结论 难治性抑郁症患者右侧海马代谢增强,双侧海马NAA/Cr不对称性消失.     

抑郁症首次发病患者额叶三维磁共振氢质子波谱分析研究

目的探讨抑郁症首次发病患者额叶灰、白质可能存在的神经生化异常。方法对24例首次发病抑郁症患者(抑郁症20例,双相障碍抑郁发作者4例;抑郁症组)进行磁共振常规扫描及应用三维磁共振氢质子波谱(1HMRS)检查,测量双侧额叶背外侧白质和前部扣带回皮质的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(CHO)、肌醇(MI)和肌酸(CR)的绝对值,计算NAA、CHO、MI与CR的比值,并与21名正常对照者(对照组)作比较。结果(1)抑郁症组患者前额叶扣带回皮质CHO[(772±59)MMOL/L]、MI[(131±39)MMOL/L]的绝对值及CHO/CR(2·3±0·4)、MI/CR(0·39±0·14)均高于对照组[分别为(663±70)MMOL/L,(99±26)MMOL/L,2·0±0·4,0·30±0·01],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0·01);而NAA的绝对值及NAA/CR与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P>0·05)。(2)抑郁症组患者额叶背外侧白质内NAA、CHO、MI的绝对值以及NAA/CR、CHO/CR、MI/CR的比值与对照组的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0·05)。结论抑郁症患者额叶扣带回皮质的CHO、MI绝对值以及CHO/CR、MI/CR比值均增高。     

男性首发精神分裂症患者额叶质子波谱研究

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者额叶质子波谱的特点。方法利用1H-MRS技术对10名首次发病且未经抗精神病药物治疗的男性精神分裂症患者和10正常对照的额叶进行检测。对照组的性别、年龄、利手、文化程度与患者组匹配,且精神疾病家族史为阴性。所有1H-MRS检查均在1.5T场强条件下进行,回波时间(TE)144毫秒(ms),检测的代谢物包括NAA、胆碱复合物(CHO)、肌酸(Cr),用公司提供的软件(GEFuntool2)测量各峰下面积并分别计算NAA/Cr及CHO/Cr的比值。结果采用多因素方差分析发现,患者组额叶NAA/Cr比值显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),而两组之间CHO/Cr比值的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在精神分裂症发病初期额叶神经元的完整性或功能可能已经受到损害。     

氢质子MR波谱对弥漫性轴索损伤的评估

景：目前在弥漫性轴索损伤的临床诊断和伤情评估上,CT和常规MRI的作用非常有限。 目的：验证氢质子MR波谱技术在弥漫性轴索损伤临床诊断及预后评估中的价值。 设计、时间及地点：前瞻性临床对照观察,于2002-10/2007-09在重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经外科及放射科完成。 对象：纳入63例颅脑损伤患者,根据MRI检查结果分为2组,弥漫性轴索损伤组27例,非弥漫性轴索损伤组36例;再利用单纯随机抽样法选择20名健康成年人作为正常对照。 方法：患者入院后,按常规进行治疗,一旦生命体征和意识情况允许,立即行包括液体衰减反转恢复序列在内的磁共振影像学检查,并在此同时行氢质子MR波谱检查,氢质子MR波谱检查数据进行后期工作站分析,并结合临床情况进行分析。 主要观察指标：胼胝体膝部、压部和基底核N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸和磷酸肌酸、胆碱复合物/肌酸和磷酸肌酸、肌醇/肌酸和磷酸肌酸以及谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺/肌酸和磷酸肌酸等指标。 结果：与对照组和非弥漫性轴索损伤组相比,弥漫性轴索损伤组胼胝体膝部、压部和基底核出现N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸和磷酸肌酸降低及胆碱复合物/肌酸和磷酸肌酸升高(P < 0.05~0.01),胼胝体膝部和压部出现肌醇/肌酸和磷酸肌酸及谷氨酰胺/肌酸和磷酸肌酸升高(P < 0.05)。与对照组相比,非弥漫性轴索损伤组出现胼胝体膝部胆碱复合物/肌酸和磷酸肌酸升高和压部N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸和磷酸肌酸降低(P < 0.01),但变化程度比弥漫性轴索损伤组低。弥漫性轴索损伤组胼胝体膝部的胆碱复合物/肌酸和磷酸肌酸和伤后原发昏迷时间呈正相关(r=0.824,P < 0.01)。 结论：胼胝体膝部、压部和基底核各氢质子MR波谱指标可作为弥漫性轴索损伤有效的诊断指标。氢质子MR波谱中的胆碱复合物/肌酸和磷酸肌酸等指标可以很好地反映伤后组织学的改变,是临床伤情预测的灵敏指标。     

癫痫患儿头颅氢质子磁共振波谱改变的研究

目的 探讨癫痫患儿头颅氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)影像学改变特点及临床意义.方法 选取自2008年3月至2011年3月在广东省人民医院就诊的癫痫患儿64例(癫痫组)及对照组10例(门诊体检健康儿童)为观察对象,癫痫组根据头颅MR有无结构异常再分为MR正常组和MR异常组.全部观察对象行头颅海马区1H-MRS检查.选取N-乙酰天门冬氨酸/(胆碱+肌酸)[NAA/(Cho+Cr)]为观察指标,比较3组之间的差别. 结果 3组成员左右侧海马NAA/(Cho+Cr)比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);组间NAA/(Cho+Cr)比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中对照组与MR正常组、对照组与MR异常组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但MR正常组与MR异常组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 癫痫患儿的1H-MRS改变较MR敏感,MRS可早于MR发现癫痫异常改变.     

急性期脑梗死磁共振波谱成像初步研究

目的分析评估急性脑梗死代谢物氢质子磁共振波谱成像（1HMRS）的临床应用价值。方法 对32例急性期脑梗死患者进行常规核磁共振（MRI）及1HMRS扫描,梗死区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）,肌酸（Cr）,胆碱化合物（Cho）与对侧相应正常脑区代谢产物比值（rNAA、rCr、rCho）及同侧乳酸/胆碱值（Lac/Cho）,比较不同部位各代谢产物相对浓度。结果 rCr（F=6.102,P=0.085）各区域间无显著差异;rCho（F=2.229,P=0.094）各区域间无显著差异;rNAA中央部与外侧缘间有显著差异（F=2711.140,P〈0.05）;Lac/Cho区域各组间均有显著差异（F=29127.575,P=0.000）。结论 1HMRS检查对急性期脑梗死的诊断价值明显高于常规MRI,可同时检测脑梗死的进展情况。作为一种无创伤活体显示组织代谢的影像学方法1HMRS具有广阔的应用前景。     

Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a cerebellar tumor in a two-year-old child

Noninvasive localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used for differential diagnosis of a focal brain lesion in a 2.5-year-old girl. The clinical signs were a mild head tilt and neck pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a lesion in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum, but its nature remained obscure. In this lesion quantitative determinations of cerebral metabolites by fully relaxed, short-echo-time proton MRS revealed markedly lowered N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and pronounced elevations of choline-containing compounds (Cho) and myo-inositol (Ins), whereas metabolite concentrations in cortical gray matter and white matter were within normal ranges. The metabolite pattern of the lesion indicated loss of vital neuroaxonal tissue (low NAA) and enhanced glial proliferation (high Cho and Ins), which, together with the MRI morphology, suggested a brain tumor. The diagnosis was established by neurosurgical exploration and total extirpation of the tumor. Histology confirmed an astrocytoma (WHO II). After 2 weeks' recovery the child was discharged with no neurological signs.     

Decreased GABA concentrations in left prefrontal cortex of methamphetamine dependent patients: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Increasing evidence suggested the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is implicated in the pathogenesis of methamphetamine use disorder. Metabolites changes of DLPFC may mediate the progression of addiction. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) to examine the changes of metabolites in the left DLPFC in individuals with methamphetamine dependence compared to healthy controls. Fifty patients and twenty age-matched healthy controls participated in this study. The ¹H MRS data were automatically fit with linear combination model for quantification of metabolite levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and other metabolites across groups. The GABA and Glx levels were calculated with the unsuppressed water signal as reference. Methamphetamine users showed reduced GABA and GABA/Glx in left DLPFC than healthy controls. Furthermore, the concentration of GSH, GPC, Ins, NAA, GPC + PCh, NAA + NAAG, Cr + PCr were lower in individuals with methamphetamine dependence compared with controls. The patients group's relative GABA and Glx metabolite concentrations were significantly correlated with age and duration of withdrawal. Our preliminary findings provide the first report of abnormal levels of GABA in left DLPFC of patients with methamphetamine use disorder, indicating that dysregulation of the GABAergic neurotransmitter system may be an important neurobiological mechanism in the pathogenesis of methamphetamine dependence.     

质子磁共振波谱在创伤性脑损伤中的应用

磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)是目前唯一的、无创性的测定活体组织代谢与生化指标的技术[1],它能够反映细胞内物质和能量代谢状态,近年来发展迅速.     

有无遗传史的强迫症患者前额叶磁共振质子波谱对照研究

目的 探讨有无遗传史强迫症患者前额叶神经代谢物的变化.方法 采用磁共振质子波谱技术对有遗传史强迫症组(10例)、无遗传史强迫症组(14例)和对照组(12例)的内侧前额叶皮质N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)和胆碱复合物(Cho)的代谢物含量进行对照研究.结果 有遗传史强迫症组的NAA值(46±8)和NAA/Cr值(1.59±0.24)分别高于对照组的NAA值(37±7)(方差分析LSD法校正,P=0.024)和NAA/Cr值(1.31±0. 21)(方差分析LSD法校正,P=0.006);有遗传史强迫症组的NAA值也高于无遗传史强迫症组的NAA值(37±10)(方差分析LSD法校正,P=0.021);无遗传史强迫症组与对照组相比,NAA/Cr值可见增加趋势(方差分析LSD法校正,P=0.066).结论 有遗传史强迫症患者的神经代谢物NAA与对照组和无遗传史强迫症患者相比在内侧前额叶皮质明显升高.     

阳性症状为主型精神分裂症首次发病患者前额叶和海马磁共振质子波谱成像研究

目的 探讨阳性症状为主型精神分裂症首次发病患者前额叶和海马的磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)变化特点,为其病因学探讨提供线索.方法 对22例首次发病精神分裂症阳性症状为主型患者(患者组)和11名年龄、性别、受教育时间均匹配的正常对照者(对照组),应用2D 1H-MRS成像技术检测2组双侧前额叶白质、前扣带回皮质、海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)3种代谢物,分别计算NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr的比值;采用配对t检验、独立样本t检验进行统计分析.结果 (1)患者组左侧额叶白质NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr分别为(1.63±0.30)和(1.23±0.26),均低于对照组[(2.10±0.30)、(1.54±0.25)],右侧额叶白质NAA/Cr(1.70±0.34)低于对照组(1.97±0.34),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05);(2)双侧前扣带回皮质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)患者组右侧海马NAA/Cr(1.59±0.27)高于对照组(1.24±0.17),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);(4)对照组内左侧额叶白质Cho/Cr(1.54±0.25)高于右侧(1.35±0.18),左侧海马NAA/Cr(1.45±0.28)高于右侧(1.24±0.17),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(5)患者组内左侧海马NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr分别为(1.43±0.27)和(1.39±0.38),均低于右侧[(1.59±0.27)、(1.56±0.39)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 首发精神分裂症阳性症状为主型患者的1H-MRS代谢物与正常人存在差异,提示阳性症状为主型患者存在双侧前额叶白质、海马的神经功能障碍.

Abstract：

Objective To identify the possible alteration of brain functioning in prefrontal lobes and hippocampus in the first-episode positive symptoms of schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods 1H-MRS was performed on prefrontal white matter, anterior cingulated cortex and hippocampus in 22 patients and 11 age-, sex-, and education-matched right-handed healthy controls. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline-containing compounds (Cho)/Cr were calculated. Results The NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the left prefrontal white matter in patients were lower than that in normal controls (patients, NAA/Cr 1. 63 ±0. 30; Cho/Cr 1. 23 ±0. 26; controls, NAA/Cr 2. 10 ±0. 30; Cho/Cr 1. 54 ± 0. 25, P<0. 01) , and NAA/Cr in the right prefrontal white matter was lower in patients than in controls (patients 1. 70 ± 0. 34; controls 1. 97 ± 0. 34, P<0. 05). There were no significant difference in NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr for the bilateral anterior cingulated cortex between patients and controls (P>0. 05). The ratio of NAA/Cr in the right hippocampus was significantly higher in patients than that in controls (patients 1. 59 ± 0. 27; controls 1. 24 ± 0. 17, P<0. 01). In addition, in healthy controls,Cho/Cr was significantly higher in the left prefrontal white matter than in the right (left 1. 54 ± 0. 25; right 1. 35 ±0. 18, P<0. 05) , and NAA/Cr in the left hippocampus was significantly higher than in the right (left 1. 45 ± 0. 28; right 1. 24 ± 0. 17, P<0. 05). While NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the left hippocampus were significantly lower than in the right hippocampus in schizophrenia patients (left, NAA/Cr 1.43 ± 0. 27;Cho/Cr 1.39 ±0.38; right, NAA/Cr 1.59 ±0.27; Cho/Cr 1.56 ±0.39, P<0.05). Conclusion There is the significant difference of manifestation of 1H-MRS between schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms and normal controls, which reflects neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal lobes and hippocampus.     

A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of metabolites in the occipital lobes in epilepsy

PURPOSE: gamma-Amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, respectively the principal inhibitory and excitatory neurochemicals in the brain, are visible to proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We report a study of GABA+ (GABA plus homocarnosine) and GLX (glutamate plus glutamine) concentrations in the occipital lobes in patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) and in patients with occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE). METHODS: Fifteen patients with IGE, 15 patients with OLE, and 15 healthy volunteers were studied. A single voxel was prescribed in the occipital lobes for each subject. PRESS localised short-echo-time MRS was performed to measure GLX by using LCModel. A double quantum GABA filter was used to measure GABA+. Segmented T1-weighted images gave the tissue composition of the prescribed voxel. RESULTS: Grey-matter proportion, GLX, and GABA+ were all elevated in IGE. However, analysis using grey-matter proportion as a covariable showed no significant group differences. No correlation was observed between GABA+ concentration and either seizure frequency or time since last seizure. CONCLUSIONS: GLX and GABA+ were elevated in IGE. Elevated grey-matter content in the IGE group despite normal MRI appearance can be expected to account for some or all of this observed elevation of GLX and GABA+. GABA+ concentration did not correlate with seizure control or duration since most recent seizure.     

肌萎缩侧索硬化38例弥散张量成像及磁共振波谱表现

目的 研究肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)的弥散张量成像(DTI)和磁共振波谱(MRS)特点,并对ALs的病理生理机制进行初步探讨.方法 ALS患者38例,单纯下运动神经元受累疾病患者8例,混合型颈椎病5例和健康对照34名,行常规头颅MRI、DTI和1H-MRS测定.结果 21%(8/38)的ALS患者可见T2 FLAIR序列双侧锥体束走行异常高信号,强度高于皮质灰质.ALS组和健康对照组相比,中央前回(ALS组0.492±0.059,健康对照组0.552 4-0.045,F=17.150,P<0.01)、内囊后肢(分别为0.679 ±0.048、0.727±0.031,F=19.481,P<0.01)、大脑脚(左侧0.740±0.038、0.761±0.024,F=4.290;右侧0.720±0.044、0.746±0.034,F=3.264,均P<0.01)的部分各向异性(FA值)显著降低;ALS组上述部位的N-乙酰大冬氨酸/肌酸(NAA/Cr)值和健康对照组相比亦存在显著降低.AKS组各部位FA值降低百分率分别为10.9%、6.6%、2.8%～3.5%,以中央前回处最为显著;内囊前肢、枕叶处的FA值亦有不同程度降低.结论 DTI和MRS枪测不仪有助于ALS患者:运动神经元高位受累的确认和ALS的诊断和鉴别诊断,而且还可促进对ALS病理机制和病损分布的了解.     

Aberrant basal ganglia metabolism in fragile X syndrome: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Background

The profile of cognitive and behavioral variation observed in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known cause of inherited intellectual impairment, suggests aberrant functioning of specific brain systems. Research investigating animal models of FXS, characterized by limited or lack of fragile X mental retardation protein, (FMRP), has linked brain dysfunction to deficits in the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. Thus, we sought to examine in vivo levels of neurometabolites related to cholinergic and glutamatergic functioning in males and females with FXS.

Methods

The study participants included 18 adolescents and young adults with FXS, and a comparison group of 18 individuals without FXS matched for age, sex and general intellectual functioning. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to assess neurometabolite levels in the caudate nucleus, a region known to be greatly enlarged and involved in abnormal brain circuitry in individuals with FXS. A general linear model framework was used to compare group differences in metabolite concentration.

Results

We observed a decrease in choline (P = 0.027) and in glutamate + glutamine (P = 0.032) in the caudate nucleus of individuals with FXS, relative to individuals in the comparison group.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of metabolite differences in the caudate nucleus, a brain region of potential importance to our understanding of the neural deficits underlying FXS. These metabolic differences may be related to aberrant receptor signaling seen in animal models. Furthermore, identification of the specific neurometabolites involved in FXS dysfunction could provide critical biomarkers for the design and efficacy tracking of disease-specific pharmacological treatments.     

男性精神分裂症患者海马磁共振质子波谱成像的研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者双侧海马的磁共振质子波谱(MRS)的特点,以期对此疾病的临床诊断提供代谢方面依据,为精神分裂症的病因学探讨提供线索。方法 应用MRS成像技术,对20例男性精神分裂症患者和20名男性正常人检测双侧海马的氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸复合物(NAA)、胆碱复合物(CHO)和肌酸-磷酸肌酸复合物(Cr)含量,对NAA/Cr和CHO/Cr的比值进行计算。以重复测量方差分析的方法进行统计分析,其中组别作为组间差异,左右侧作为组内差异。结果 CHO/Cr的比值在精神分裂症患者双侧海马(左侧为1.03±0.22,右侧为1.00±0.23)高于正常人(左侧为0.95±0.16,右侧为0.97±0.16),差异有显著性(F=6.896,P=0.013);而NAA/Cr的比值在精神分裂症患者与正常人间的差异无显著性(患者左侧为1.29±0.16,右侧为1.25±0.13;正常人左侧为1.41±0.20,右侧为1.36±0.17)。结论 男性精神分裂症患者的海马可能存在膜的磷脂代谢异常。