Regularities of relapse and metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach following combined and surgical treatment

Characteristics of recurrence and metastatic development of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach were studied in 59 cases after combined and surgical treatment. Peritoneal dissemination appeared to be the most frequent pattern of tumor progression. It accounted for 55% of all relapses and occurred in 27% of patients even without extension through serous membrane (pT2). Metastasizing through the lymphatic viae was fairly frequent mostly in cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis while blood flow-related dissemination was not. Subtotal resection in patients with early-stage signet ring cell carcinoma (pT1) was justified because local recurrences are extremely rare in that pathology. Since (pT2-4) stump relapse is fairly frequent (14-16%), the operation of choice was gastrectomy, whatever site of tumor. Regional metastasis recurrence was 20% among patients with relapsing tumor. It usually co-occurred with distant metastases and, therefore, was less clinically significant. However, when concomitant with local recurrence, it ruled out radical treatment. Preoperative radiotherapy was followed by a significant drop in regional metastasis recurrence rate (4.5 and 13.3%, p = 0.04).     

Parietal cell carcinoma of the stomach: association with long-term survival after curative resection.

Following the recent identification of gastric parietal cell carcinoma (Capella et al., 1984), a histological and clinical review of 125 consecutive cases of gastric cancers treated surgically during a 9-year period was undertaken. The pathology was reviewed blind and in addition to H & E sections, staining with Luxol Fast Blue, phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin and E-M studies were performed to identify parietal cell differentiation. The surgical procedures performed were curative R2 gastrectomy (n = 56), palliative resection (n = 30), gastro-enterostomy (n = 25) and intubation (n = 14). The 30-day operative mortality was 12/125 (10%) overall and 4/56 (7%) in the curative resection group. Two parietal cell cancers were identified and a further 4 tumours showed areas of parietal cell differentiation. All occurred in male patients (mean age 55 years, range 43-62). Sixteen patients out of the 56 patients (29%) who underwent curative R2 resection have survived long-term (mean 5.5 years, range 2.5-11): 4/5 mucosal/submucosal cancers (T1N0), 5/29 intestinal cancers (T2N0-2) 2/16 diffuse cancers (T2N1) and 5/6 with parietal cell cancer/differentiation (T2-3N0-2). There were no survivors beyond 14 months in the patients who were treated by palliative resection, bypass or intubation irrespective of histology. This study suggests that gastric parietal cell carcinoma carries a good prognosis after curative resection despite the advanced stage at presentation.     

Palliative and curative surgical therapy of malignant stenoses of the esophagus and cardia

Between January 1967 and July 1986, 171 patients with malignant stenosis of the esophagus and cardia were subjected to curative or palliative surgical treatment. Specifically, there were 84 primary esophageal carcinomas, 5 cases of malignant esophageal stenosis caused by an extra-esophageal malignant tumor (inter alia bronchial carcinoma), and 82 primary carcinomas of the cardia. The average age of the patients as a whole was 63.7 years, and the sex ratio (male:female) was 4.0:1. In 18 esophageal carcinoma patients and 21 patients with carcinoma of the cardia curative resection was possible, but in 132 patients merely palliative surgery was performed, most frequently esophageal intubation and gastrostomy. The specific operations with a curative objective performed upon the esophageal carcinoma patients were abdominothoracic esophageal resection with upward displacement of the stomach (n = 16) or interposition of a colonic segment (n = 2), whereas in the patients with carcinoma of the cardia, proximal resection was performed in 13 cases, either subtotally or as a cardiofundectomy, and total gastrectomy in 8 cases. For the subsequent reconstruction of the passage the interposition of a jejunal segment was most frequently used. The clinical mortality for the curative resections was 33% for the 18 esophageal carcinoma patients and 9.5% for the 20 patients with carcinoma of the cardia. The long-term survival rates are depressing: of the patients who underwent curative resection 47.6% were still alive after one year, 28.6% after 2 years and 14.3% after 5 years. Of the patients treated only palliatively on account of an already advanced stage of the tumor, 91.5% died within the first year; only 4.9% of patients from this group were still alive after 2 years.     

胃肝样腺癌11例分析

目的探讨胃肝样腺癌(HAS)的临床和病理特点及其诊断和治疗。方法回顾我院11例胃肝样腺癌的临床病理特点及其诊断和治疗。结果 11例肝样腺癌平均59.27岁,其中男性9例;治疗前血清AFP均升高(5/5);病变均为溃疡或溃疡型肿物、低分化或中低分化腺癌伴部分肝样腺癌,位于胃窦部2例,胃体部3例,贲门部6例;同时有肝转移者5例(5/11);手术切除者7例,其中3例行根治性手术;7例患者均有淋巴结转移;临床病理分期Ⅲ期2例、Ⅳ期9例;5例手术患者、3例未手术患者行不同疗程的全身化疗±介入化疗;患者总体预后差,死亡4例,其生存期为1～10个月。结论胃肝样腺癌是一类特殊的胃癌,容易发生淋巴结、肝脏转移,临床疗效差,应予以重视。     

Liver metastases from gastric carcinoma: A Case report and review of the literature

Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide but the third leading cause of cancer death, and surgery remains the only curative treatment option. Prognosis of patients with liver metastases from gastric carcinoma (LMGC) is poor, and the optimal treatment of metastatic gastric cancer remains a matter of debate. In 2002, a 53-year-old male patient with GC and synchronous oligometastatic lesion in liver VIII segment underwent a total gastrectomy combined with metastasectomy. The pathologic diagnosis was stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma (pT3N2M1), which was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin, epirubicin, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil). In 2012, abdominal ultrasound and percutaneous liver biopsy revealed recurrence of the metastasis in the right liver lobe. Progression of the disease was observed after palliative chemotherapy (epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine). Nevertheless, an extended right hemihepatectomy, with excision of segments 1, 4A, 5, 6, 7, and 8, was still performed. Pathologic examination confirmed large KRAS- and HER2-negative LMGC. The patient is alive and free of disease 47 months after the repeated hepatectomy and 13 years after removal of the primary GC and synchronous liver metastasis. Based on review of 27 articles, 5-year overall survival rate following gastrectomy and liver metastasectomy may reach 60%, with median survival time up to 74 months. Although the combination of aggressive surgical approach with systemic therapy for LMGC is controversial, it may allow favorable outcome. Careful selection of patients based on evaluable predictive factors for R0 surgical resection of both primary tumor and liver metastases can lead to cure, as shown in our case presentation, where a 10-year relapse-free survival was observed, followed by successful repeated hepatectomy due to liver metastases.     

Surgical treatment of ductal pancreatic carcinoma

Among 587 patients with ductal pancreatic carcinoma who were examined between 1969 and 1987, 260 (44.3%) had distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Tumour resections, mostly subtotal duodenopancreatectomies, were performed in 138 patients (23.5% of all patients, or 39.8% of all patients without distant metastases); in 91 patients the resection was for cure (R0). Operative mortality following tumour resection was 6% for all patients. The age-corrected 5-year survival rate was 2.9% for all patients and 16% where the resection was curative; of these 46% were in Stages I and II and 6% in Stage III. In non-curative resections, the median survival time was 7.2 months, which was significantly longer than the 3.4 months following bypass operation. Cure for pancreatic carcinoma can be achieved only through surgery, and a negative attitude towards surgery must be resisted.     

胃大部分切除术后食管癌的手术治疗和远期疗效

 目的　探讨胃大部分切除术后食管癌的手术治疗方法和远期疗效。方法　 85例胃大部分切除术后的食管癌患者均采用剖左胸食管癌切除 ,保留胃短血管 ,将残胃、脾脏及胰尾移入左侧胸腔 ,行食管、残胃吻合术重建消化道。结果　手术切除率 91.8% ,术后并发症率 10 .3% ,无手术死亡 ,1,3,5 ,10年生存率分别为 85 .7% ,5 0 .7% ,30 .6 %和 18.8%。结论　手术为胃大部分切除术后食管癌患者最有效的治疗手段。采用食管残胃吻合重建消化道 ,方法简单 ,既能够达到较好的治疗效果 ,也有利于提高患者的消化功能及生存质量。     

40例胃癌急性穿孔诊治临床分析

目的探讨胃癌急性穿孔的临床特点,指导临床诊治和提高疗效.方法对本院40例胃癌急性穿孔病人采用不同形式的治疗.10例行单纯穿孔修补术,其中4例在穿孔修补术后3周、1例在穿孔修补术后4周施行姑息性胃大部切除术,1例在穿孔修补术后3周施行二期根治性手术;6例行穿孔修补和胃空肠吻合术;16例行姑息性胃大部切除术,其中6例于术后3周行腹腔淋巴结清扫术;4例行胃癌根治术;2例行胃造口,空肠营养性造口术;2例行单纯腹腔引流、灌洗术.结果本组死亡4例.单纯腹腔引流灌洗术.穿孔修补、胃大部切除、胃癌根治术后平均生存期分别为10个月,9.8个月、14个月和31个月.结论早期诊断,综合治疗,注重护理,强调个性化原则,是降低病死率提高生存质量的重要因素;分期手术,先施行胃大部切除术,而后五淋巴结清扫术,是胃癌穿孔患者的最佳治疗方案.     

Radical surgery for gallbladder cancer: a worthwhile operation?

AIMS: Extended operations are the only chance of a cure for patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma, but there is no consensus about which subset of patients can benefit. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results of surgical resection with special reference to the prognostic factors and to long-term survival. METHODS: A retrospective review of 70 patients with a diagnosis of gallbladder cancer treated from 1985-1998 was performed: 33 patients had a curative resection and were included in this study. For stage I disease, simple cholecystectomy was considered curative; in most of the other cases, cholecystectomy was associated with lymph node dissection and liver resection. RESULTS: Hospital mortality and morbidity were 6% and 33%, respectively. Curative resection was associated with an actuarial 5-year survival of 27.4%. Survival of pT1-2 patients was significantly better than that of pT3 (P=0.04) or pT4 patients (P=0.002). Patients with lymph node spread had a poorer prognosis (P=0.06) but four were alive and disease-free with a median survival of 22 months. CONCLUSIONS: Depth of the tumour and lymph node metastases are important prognostic factors. Patients with pT3-4 tumours or regional lymph node spread should be considered for curative resection because long-term survival is possible.     

胃癌根治术后复发转移原因探讨

目的:探讨我院胃癌根治术后复发转移原因。方法:回顾性分析我院自2003-2006年收治的胃癌根治术后的患者38例,随诊观察其长期生存、复发部位。结果:38例患者中大多数患者(60.5%)接受了D0手术,39.5%患者接受D1手术;全组病人3年总生存率为47.8%;15例(39.5%)复发,其中6例为局部复发,8例为局部复发及远处转移,1例为单纯远处转移。结论:胃癌根治术应尽量清扫多的淋巴结,如无条件开展D2或D3手术,则需选择合适的病人进行术后辅助治疗。     

Survival benefit of combined curative resection of the stomach (D2 resection) and liver in gastric cancer patients with liver metastases

BackgroundThe benefit of surgical resection of liver metastases from gastric cancer has not been well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rationale for hepatic resection in patients with hepatic metastases from gastric cancer.MethodsAmong 10 259 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma in the Yonsei University Health System from 1995 to 2005, we reviewed the records of 58 patients with liver-only metastases from gastric cancer who underwent gastric resection regardless of hepatic surgery.ResultsThe overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of 41 patients who underwent hepatic resection with curative intent were 75.3%, 31.7%, and 20.8%, respectively, and three patients survived >7 years. Of the 41 patients, 22 had complete resection and 19 had palliative resection. Between the curative and palliative resections, survival rates after curative intent were not different. The number of liver metastasis (solitary or multiple) was a marginally significant prognostic factor for survival.ConclusionsSurgery for liver metastases arising from gastric adenocarcinoma is reasonable if complete resection seems feasible after careful preoperative staging, even if complete resection is not actually achieved. Hepatic resection should be considered as an option for gastric cancer patients with hepatic metastases.     

残胃癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的探讨残胃癌的临床病理特征及预后相关因素。方法回顾性分析45例残胃癌患者的临床病理资料,并进行随访。结果45例残胃癌患者的男女比例为44：1。初次手术距残胃癌的诊断时间为5～42年,平均23年。残胃病变位于吻合口28例,位于贲门9例,其余部位8例。未分化癌1例,低分化腺癌36例,中分化腺癌7例,高分化腺癌1例。根治性切除患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为100．0％、78．8％和47．2％,非根治性切除患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为62．5％、25．0％和0,两组患者生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。10例病变未切除患者均于2年内死亡,平均生存时间为12个月。各病理分期患者间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论残胃癌多于Billroth Ⅱ式胃大部切除术后10年以上发生,男性多于女性,病变主要位于吻合口附近。进展期残胃癌病理类型以低分化腺癌常见。残胃癌的预后与病理分期、能否行根治性切除密切相关。     

不同亚型胃类癌的临床病理特征和预后因素分析

目的 探讨不同类型胃类痛的临床病理特征与治疗及预后之间的父系.方法 回顾性分析39例经手术治疗、病理证实为胃类癌患者的临床资料,其中Ⅰ型胃类癌9例,Ⅲ型胃类癌30例.结果 1例1型和30例Ⅲ型胃类癌患者的肿瘤浸润超过黏膜下层,27例Ⅲ型胃类癌患者伴区域淋巴结转移,5例Ⅲ型胃类癌患者伴有远处转移.Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胃类癌在患者性别、肿瘤数目、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和脉管瘤栓方面的差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).全组患者的5年总生存率为49.7%,Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胃类癌患者的5年总生存率分别为100.0%和37.2%.单因素分析结果 显示,肿瘤分型、肿瘤大小和数目、淋巴结转移、远处转移、浆膜浸润以及浆膜外癌结节形成与患者的预后相关(均P＜0.05).Cox多因素分析结果 显示,远处转移是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 胃类癌的分型有助于判断肿瘤的侵袭件和预后,并指导临床治疗;Ⅲ型胃类癌的预后较差.     

残胃贲门癌42例外科治疗报告

目的探讨残胃贲门癌的外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析42例残胃贲门癌外科治疗的临床资料。手术切除40例,探查2例,根治性切除32例,姑息性切除8例,残胃切除空肠代胃术36例,贲门肿瘤切除余胃食管吻合术4例。结果手术切除率95.2%（40/42）,无手术死亡,手术并发症11例（26.2%）。根治性切除32例中术后生存1年以上30例,3年以上18例,5年以上12例。1,3,5年生存率分别为93.8%、56.3%和37.5%。结论以外科手术为主的综合治疗是治疗残胃贲门癌的有效方法。     

The best surgical approach for perforated gastric cancer: one-stage vs. two-stage gastrectomy

Background

Surgery for perforated gastric cancer has a dual purpose: treating life-threatening peritonitis and curing gastric cancer. An emergent one-stage gastrectomy may place an undue burden on patients with a poor general status and could impair long-term survival even if the gastric malignancy is curable. A two-stage gastrectomy, in which the initial treatment of peritonitis is followed by elective gastrectomy, can accomplish both desired purposes.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 514 Japanese cases of perforated gastric cancer. 376 patients underwent a one-stage gastrectomy and 54 patients underwent a two-stage gastrectomy. We evaluated patient characteristics, surgical outcomes, postoperative complications, and survival rates in both groups.

Results

The two-stage gastrectomy group saw a 78.4 % rate of curative R0 resection and 1.9 % hospital mortality rate, while corresponding rates in the one-stage gastrectomy group were 50 and 11.4 %, respectively. Among cases in which curative R0 resection was performed, there was no significant difference in overall survival between 136 one-stage gastrostomies and 40 two-stage gastrostomies. In a multivariate analysis, curative R0 resection [hazard ratio (HR) 2.937, p = 0.001] and depth of tumor invasion (HR 1.179, p = 0.016) were identified as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Regardless of whether patients underwent a one-stage or two-stage gastrectomy, curative R0 resection improved survival in patients with perforated gastric cancer. When curative R0 resection cannot be performed in the initial treatment phase due to diffuse peritonitis, non-curative and palliative gastrectomy should be avoided, and a two-stage gastrectomy should be planned following peritonitis recovery and detailed examinations.     

Ⅳ期胃癌化疗后行手术治疗的临床疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨Ⅳ期胃癌化疗后行手术治疗的临床疗效及其手术指征、手术时机的选择。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年3月福建省肿瘤医院收治的化疗后行手术治疗(D2手术和／或扩大切除术)的40例Ⅳ期胃癌患者的临床资料,采用单因素分析及COX多因素分析法研究其预后的相关影响因素。结果40例患者中男19例,女21例;中位年龄575岁。单发转移24例,转移2个脏器14例,3个脏器2例。转移脏器包括远处淋巴结23例(575％)、腹膜17例(425％)、肝脏8例(200％)、卵巢4例(100％)、肺部1例(25％)、横结肠1例(25％)。术前中位化疗时间109(27～1 475)d,化疗后疗效评价:疾病缓解24例(600％)、疾病稳定15例(375％)、疾病进展1例(25％)。手术与首次化疗间距1315(31～1 581)d。30例行全胃切除术,10例行远端胃大部切除术。8例行16组淋巴结清扫术,12例行联合脏器切除,包括胰体尾及脾脏3例、肝转移瘤2例、附件5例、横结肠2例。其中R0切除24例,R2切除15例,R1切除1例。全组患者中位总生存时间为27个月,术前化疗时长>12周是Ⅳ期胃癌化疗后手术治疗患者预后的保护因素［OR(95％CI)=2601(1072～6313),P=0035］。结论部分经选择的Ⅳ期胃癌患者在化疗后行D2手术和(或)扩大切除术可改善预后,对化疗反应良好且能够达到R0切除是手术治疗的最重要筛选指标,手术时机建议在全身化疗12周后。     

胃癌切除术切端癌残留的原因,预后及预防

本文报告胃癌切除术切端癌残留２３例，残留率７．２％，食管切端癌残留１６例占６９．６％，十二指肠侧切端癌残留５例占２１．７％，食管侧切端和十二指肠侧切端均有癌残留２例占８．７％。姑息性胃癌切除术的切端癌残留率０．０％，根治性胃癌切除术的切端癌残留率５．２％，二者经统计学检验无显著差异。远侧胃切除切端癌残留率６．４％，近侧胃切除和全胃切除术的切端癌残留率１１．１％，统计学检验无显著差异。２３例切端癌残     

Palliative resection in gastric cancer

Fifty-one of 256 patients underwent a palliative procedure for advanced carcinoma of the stomach (TNM stage IV). The resection was classified as palliative if metastatic disease was left behind in the lymph nodes, if involvement of organs elsewhere in the abdominal cavity was present, or if microscopy revealed tumor tissue in the resection lines. Twenty-six patients underwent a resection for palliation. There were 14 total and 12 partial gastrectomies. There were 2 deaths after total gastrectomy because of anastomotic leakage. The mean survival time after operation was 9.5 months. In 13 patients (50%) palliation was good with preoperative symptomatic relief without initiating new symptoms, acceptable body weight, and solid food intake. In 7 patients (27%) palliation was moderate, and in 4 (15%) poor. The results after gastroenterostomy in 25 patients were poor. The study shows that palliative total and partial gastrectomy can produce palliation in advanced gastric cancer.     

Risk factors for ovarian metastasis following curative resection of gastric adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma usually present as large, symptomatic masses and sometimes represent the sole metastatic site. Accordingly, prophylactic oophorectomy may be useful in the overall management of gastric carcinoma. This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the risk factors for ovarian metastasis following curative resection of gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The clinicopathologic profiles of 690 female patients who underwent curative gastrectomy at Seoul National University Hospital between July 1987 and June 1996 were reviewed, and their first relapse sites were identified. The prognostic factors at the time of gastrectomy influencing ovarian metastasis were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The overall 3-year ovarian relapse rate was estimated to be 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-9.2%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the number of lymph nodes with metastases and patient age were significant independent risk factors for ovarian metastasis after curative resection of gastric adenocarcinoma. The number of lymph nodes with metastases (>6) was associated with the highest risk of ovarian metastasis, with an adjusted relative risk (aRR) of 38.0 (95% CI, 3.0-480.6). The age of the patient (<50 years) also predicted the risk of ovarian metastasis, with an aRR of 3.1 (95% CI, 1.4-7.0). Lauren diffuse type tended to predict for ovarian metastasis with borderline significance (aRR, 5.9; 95% CI, 0.8-44.3). The 3-year ovarian relapse rate for patients younger than 50 years with more than 6 lymph nodes with metastases was estimated to be 39.5% (95% CI, 23.8-55.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the risk of ovarian metastasis after curative gastrectomy is strongly associated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes (>6) and patient age (<50 years). Prospective studies are needed to evaluate further the role of prophylactic oophorectomy in young female gastric carcinoma patients who have multiple regional lymph nodes with metastases.     

早期贲门癌的外科治疗(附38例报告)

目的探讨早期贲门癌的外科治疗.方法回顾分析38例早期贲门癌的临床表现、病灶数目、部位及大小、术前内窥镜检查、病理类型、癌组织浸润深度、淋巴结转移、手术方式及预后.结果38例患者平均年龄近60岁;术前胃镜检查确诊率为81.6%;39.5%患者癌组织位于粘膜层,60.5%位于粘膜下层;淋巴结转移率为21.1%,其中N2转移率为7.9%.全胃切除术占71.1%,近侧胃大部切除术占18.9%;施行D1手术占10.5%,D2手术占89.5%;本组无手术死亡,无吻合口瘘;术后5年生存率为86.7%.结论对于早期贲门癌施行D2手术,一并清扫第一、二站淋巴结,能彻底切除肿瘤,避免术后复发和转移,提高生存率;施行全胃切除术,能够增加患者的进食量和防止返流性食管炎的发生,保证患者术后的营养状况,并提高生存质量.