葡多酚对大鼠脂质代谢紊乱的干预作用

目的:通过体内实验观察葡多酚(GP)对大鼠脂质代谢紊乱的干预作用。方法:Wistar成年雄性大鼠随机分成4组,分别为正常对照组、高脂模型组、葡多酚低剂量与高剂量组,每组10只。正常对照组给予基础饲料,其余3组喂饲高脂饲料诱发高脂血症。试验组动物每日经口灌胃给予40mg/kg、120mg/kg剂量的GP。于实验第31天测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及HDL亚组分Ⅱ和亚组分Ⅲ的胆固醇含量(HDL2-C、HDL3-C);并计算低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(LDL-C/HDL-C)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)和致动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)。结果:实验前、实验末期各组大鼠体重及实验末期体重增重均无差异。高脂模型组大鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C、VLDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C、AI均高于正常对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05),而HDL-C、HDL2-C、HDL2-C/HDL3-C均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。与高脂模型组比较,葡多酚低剂量组与葡多酚高剂量组的TG、TC、LDL-C、VLDL-C降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);HDL2-C含量、HDL2-C/HDL3-C比值升高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。葡多酚高剂量组的LDL-C/HDL-C明显低于高脂模型组(P<0.01),AI低于高脂模型组(P<0.05)。结论:葡多酚具有调整血脂、改善脂质代谢紊乱的作用。     

冠心病、高血压病患者血清高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇及其他脂质含量的分析

本文测定了183名健康人,52名冠心病和56名高血压患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)含量。冠心病组HDL-C、HDL-C/LDL-C、HDL-C/TC值显著低于健康组(P<0.001)。提示HDL-C为冠心病的“危险降低因子”。高血压病组HDL-C/TC、HDL-C/LDL-C比值显著低于健康组,HDL-C差异不显著。不论TG浓度高、中、低,冠心病发病率均与HDL-C/TC及HDL-C/LDL-C比值呈负相关,与HDL-C呈不规律现象。提示作为冠心病早期预测指标,HDL-C/TC、HDL-C/LDL-C比值比HDL-C及其他脂质水平更有实用价值。     

香菇多糖降血脂作用及其机制的研究

目的:根据传统中医"药食同源"的理论,研究香菇多糖(Lentinan,LNT)对高脂血症大鼠的降血脂作用.方法:取雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分正常对照组(灌饲生理盐水)6只,高脂血症模型组24只.模型组随机分为低剂量组(灌饲香菇多糖100mg/kg)、高剂量组(灌饲香菇多糖200mg/kg)、高脂对照组和阳性对照组(灌饲洛伐他汀10mg/kg),每组6只.实验持续60天.分别测定TC、LDL-C、HDL-C及其亚类HDL3-C、HDL2-C和LCAT、LPL、HL酶活性.结果:使用LNT后低剂量组、高剂量组的TC水平明显降低(P<0.05),LDL-C变化不明显(P>0.05),而HDL-C明显升高(P<0.05),尤其是HDL2-C(P<0.05);抗动脉粥样因子HDL-C/TC与HDL-C/LDL-C的比值明显改善(P<0.05).高脂对照组大鼠LCAT、LPL酶活性明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),使用LNT后LCAT、LPL酶活性均明显升高(P<0.05).结论:香菇多糖对高脂血症大鼠有明显的降低血清总胆固醇的作用,该作用可能与LNT能明显增强LCAT、LPL酶活性,提高HDL-C水平(尤其是HDL2-C水平)有关.     

酸浆鲜果对实验性高脂血症大鼠的保护作用

目的 探讨酸浆鲜果的降低血脂作用.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常对照组,高脂模型对照组,酸浆鲜果低、中、高剂量组.正常对照组喂基础饲料,其余4组喂高脂饲料,3个剂量组同时每天以10、20、30 g/(kg·d)酸浆鲜果匀浆灌胃.第20天测定各组动物血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度.结果 与模型组比较,高剂量组大鼠血清LDL-C和 TG含量降低,具有统学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);中、高剂量组大鼠血清HDL-C含量升高,具有统学意义(P<0.05);中、高剂量组大鼠血清TC含量降低,但差别不显著.结论 酸浆鲜果可降低高血脂大鼠血清LDL-C和 TG含量,升高血清HDL-C的含量,因此具有较好的降血脂作用.     

西安出租车司机与公务员血脂水平比较分析

目的调查并分析西安市出租车司机与公务员血脂水平并讨论其意义。方法选择2011年1月至2012年12月于第四军医大学唐都医院体检中心体检的1002例男性出租车司机作为出租车司机组,另选健康体检的360例男性公务员作为公务员组。空腹静脉血总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平用酶法测定,并将两组各指标进行对比分析。结果出租车司机组血中TC、TG和LDL-C显著高于公务员组[(5.23±1.34)mmol/L vs(4.12±1.41)mmol/L]、[(1.79±0.71)mmol/L vs(1.29±0.62)mmol/L]、[(4.26±1.08)mmol/L vs(2.89±0.90)mmol/L](均P<0.05);出租车司机组HDL-C/TC比值显著低于公务员组[(0.34±0.43)mmol/L vs(0.44±0.52)mmol/L](P<0.05)。41⁵5岁出租车司机TC、TG高于2555岁出租车司机TC、TG高于25⁴0岁出租车司机[(6.13±1.83)mmol/L vs(5.02±1.69)mmol/L]、[(2.26±0.83)mmol/L vs(1.62±0.59)mmol/L](P<0.05);LDL-C、HDL-C、HDL-C/TC两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。出租车司机组血脂边缘升高84例(8.38%),公务员组24例(6.67%),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论出租车司机血脂高于公务员,且随着年龄增加,血脂水平有增高趋势。     

脑梗死与颈动脉斑块及血脂的相关性分析

目的:探讨脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及血脂代谢的关系。方法:对70例脑梗死患者(病例组)和38名正常体检者(对照组)行动脉彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉硬化斑块,同时检测两组的血浆脂质代谢水平,包括总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]。结果:病例组70例,斑块检出率70.0%(49/70),明显高于对照组的18.4%(7/38)(P<0.01);同时比较两组的TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C和LP(a)水平。脑梗死组血浆TC、LDL-C水平高于对照组(P<0.05),其它血脂指标无显著差异,而LDL-C/HDL-C比值在两组有明显差异(P<0.01)。将病例组按颈动脉斑块的有无分为脑梗死 斑块组(CI P)、脑梗死无斑块组(CI-P),发现CI P组LDL- C、HDL-C较CI-P组分别有升高、下降趋势,但各自差异无显著统计学意义,而研究LDL-C/HDL-C比值则CI P组明显高于CI-P组(P<0.05)。结论:脑梗死发病与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块密切相关;高血浆TC、LDL-C水平促发脑梗死的发生,分析LDL-C/HDL-C水平与脑梗死的发生有很大的相关性,尤其对有颈动脉粥样斑块的脑梗死有重要意义。     

胰岛素抵抗稳态模式评估与LDL-C/HDL-C和TC/HDL-C比值测定关系的探讨

目的 评价胰岛素抵抗稳态模式评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)与LDL-C/HDL-C和TC/HDL-C比值测定的关系.方测定正常糖耐量(NGT)组、糖耐量受损(IGT)组和2型糖尿病(MD)组,空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C).计算稳态模式评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和LDL-C/HDL-C和TC/HDL-C比值.结果 IGT组、DM组与NGT组比较,HOMA-IR、LDL-C/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C均有较显著的统计学差异(P＜0.01),其值明显升高,并且HOMA-IR与LDL-C/HDL-C和TC/HDL-C比值测定有一定的相关性.结论 我们认为联合测定胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和LDL-C/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C比值,可作为胰岛素抵抗较好的诊断及治疗指标.     

银丹心脑通软胶囊联合洛伐他汀对135例原发性高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度及血脂相关危险因素的影响

目的 比较和观察洛伐他汀单独或与银丹心脑通软胶囊联合使用对原发性高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CAIMT)及血脂相关危险因素的影响和临床意义.方法 135例Ⅰ、Ⅱ级高血压且血脂正常患者被随机分为两组,A组应用洛伐他汀10mg,每日1次,治疗12周;B组除应用洛伐他汀10mg(每日1次)外,联合应用银丹心脑通软胶囊每次3粒(0.4g/粒),每日3次,治疗12周.治疗前、后超声检测CAIMT,酶法测定患者血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C).结果 相对于治疗前,治疗后4周血压显著下降(P<0.05),12周后血压趋于稳定,两组的降压幅度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前相比,A组患者CAIMT显著降低(P<0.05),TC、LDL-C、TG、HDL-C无显著改变(P>0.05);B组TC、LDL-C、TG、CAIMT均显著降低(P<0.01),且HDL-C明显升高(P<0.01);两组TC、LDL-C、TG比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HDL-C比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 银丹心脑通软胶囊联合洛伐他汀联合应用与单独使用比较,能有效改善原发性高血压患者CAIMT,其作用机制可能与降低血浆中TC、TG、LDL-C和升高HDL-C含量有关.     

脂联素基因45T/G多态性对高糖低脂膳食诱导的健康青年血脂比值变化的影响

目的 探讨脂联素基因(APM1)45T/G多态性与健康中国汉族青年血脂比值的关系及其对高糖低脂(high carbohydrate and low fat,HC/LF)膳食诱导的血脂比值变化的影响.方法 56名健康青年志愿者[(22.89±1.80)岁],给予7 d平衡膳食和6 d HC/LF膳食.在第1 d、第8 d、第14 d清晨取空腹12 h静脉血,测定血脂,计算甘油三酯(TG)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、log(TG/HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)/HDLC、总胆固醇(TC)/HDL-C比值,提取血基因组DNA,聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切法分析APM145T/G多态性.结果 无论是整体还是按性别分组,TT基因型受试者与G等位基因携带者之间血脂比值基础值均无明显差异.男性G等位基因携带者HC/LF膳食后TC/HDL-C高于TT基因型受试者(P<0.05);与膳食前相比,TT基因型受试者HC/LF膳食后LDL-C/HDL-C和TC/HDL-C均降低(P<0.05),G等位基因携带者仅TC/HDL-C降低(P<0.01).在女性,无论HC/LF膳食前还是HC/LF膳食后,G等位基因携带者TG/HDL-C和log(TG/HDL-C)均低于TT基因型个体(P<0.05);与膳食前相比,TT基因型受试者HC/LF膳食后TG/HDL-C和log(TG/HDL-C)升高(P<0.05)、TC/HDL-C降低(P<0.001),G等位基因携带者LDL-C/HDL-C(P<0.05)和TC/HDL-C(P<0.01)降低,而TG/HDL-C和log(TG/HDL-C)无显著变化.结论 APM145T/G G等位基因能抑制HC/LF膳食诱导的健康青年女性TG/HDL-C和log(TG/HDL-C)升高并使LDL-C/HDL-C降低,但可能使男性的LDL-C/HDL-C降低消失、TC/HDL-C升高.     

复方参草颗粒对大鼠酒精性脂肪肝的拮抗作用

目的:探讨复方参草颗粒(CSCG)对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血清生物化学指标及肝组织形态学变化的影响。方法:60只大鼠随机分为6组,每组10只,即正常对照组、模型组、阳性药脂可清胶囊组及CSCG高、中、低剂量组。正常对照组大鼠喂食普通饲料;其余各组大鼠喂食380 mL?L-1酒精及高脂饲料,连续15 d,制备高脂模型。第16天起,灌胃给予各实验组大鼠相应药物,连续40 d。末次给药12 h后腹主动脉取血,检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）含量,计算TC/HDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C比值及动脉硬化指数(AI);断头处死大鼠,剖取肝脏,行常规HE染色,光学显微镜下观察。结果:与模型组比较,CSCG高剂量组大鼠血清TC,TG,LDL-C、TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C及AI均有不同程度的降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,血清HDL-C含量升高（P<0.01）,AI下调（P<0.01）;光学显微镜下CSCG高、中剂量组大鼠肝组织内脂滴成分明显减少,肝细胞结构及排列明显改善。结论:CSCG对酒精性脂肪肝具有一定的拮抗作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.