急性等容血液稀释联合低中心静脉压对肝癌手术脑氧代谢的影响

目的观察急性等容血液稀释(ANH)联合低中心静脉压(LCVP)在肝癌手术中对患者脑氧代谢的影响。方法拟行肝癌手术患者40例,随机均分为两组。ANH+LCVP组全麻后先进行ANH,然后进行LCVP控制,在肝脏实质完全离断前CVP控制在0～5cmH2O,肝实质切除止血彻底后将CVP恢复至7～8cmH2O;常规治疗组手术中CVP维持在7～8cmH2O。分别于入室后(T0)、采血后5min(T1)、肝癌切除后5min(T2)、恢复容量后5min(T3)抽取动脉、颈内静脉球部的血作血气分析,检测动脉、颈内静脉血氧饱和度(SaO2、SjvO2)、动脉、颈内静脉血氧分压(PaO2、PjvO2)、Hb和Hct,并计算动脉、颈内静脉球部血氧含量(CaO2、CjvO2)、脑氧摄取率(CERO2)、动脉、颈内静脉球部血氧含量差(Da-jvO2)和乳酸差(VADL)。结果与T0时比较,T2、T3时两组Hb、Hct值明显降低(P<0.05),T1～T3时ANH+LCVP组SjvO2明显升高(P<0.05),CERO2、Da-jvO2明显降低(P<0.05),T2、T3时常规治疗组CERO2、Da-jvO2明显降低(P<0.05)。与T2时比较,T3时ANH+LCVP组Hb、Hct值明显升高(P<0.05),常规治疗组明显下降(P<0.05)。与常规治疗组比较,ANH+LCVP组T1、T2时Hb、Hct值明显降低、而T3时明显升高(P<0.05),T1～T3时SjvO2、T3时Da-jvO2明显升高(P<0.05);而T1时Da-jvO2明显降低(P<0.05)。结论急性等容血液稀释联合低中心静脉压技术可以安全应用于肝癌手术中,对脑氧代谢无明显不良影响。     

深度血液稀释后家兔脑组织TNF-α生成量的变化

目的 监测深度血液稀释后家兔脑组织肿瘤细胞坏死因子α(TNF-α)生成量的变化.方法 健康成年家兔18只,体重2～2.5 kg,随机分为A,B,C三组,每组6只.A、B两组以6%羟乙基淀粉(200/0.5)行血液稀释,目标血细胞比容(Hct)分别为A组12%、B组18%,C组不进行血液稀释.麻醉下气管插管后行机械通气,维持体温37℃左右.左颈内静脉穿刺置管,以备采取血样;右股动脉穿刺置管以备抽取血液样本及监测动脉压.股动脉放血,同时A组、B组股静脉输注等量6%羟乙基淀粉行等容性血液稀释(ANH)至目标Hct约30 min.于动脉、静脉穿刺置管后20 min(T0)、ANH后2 h(T1)、4 h(T2)、8 h(T3)时,记录SBP、DBP、MAP、CVP和HR;分别采集静脉血样各0.4 ml,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定脑组织TNF-α生成量.结果 与T0时比较,A组T1～T3、B组T2、T3动、静脉血TNF-α浓度升高(P<0.05);各时点C组脑组织TNF-α生成量比较差异无统计学意义.结论 常温下ANH目标Hct为18%及12%均不能维持脑氧供需平衡,可导致脑缺氧性炎症.     

不同程度血液稀释对家兔脑氧代谢的影响

目的 观察不同程度急性等容性血液稀释对常温下家兔脑氧代谢的影响.方法 32只成年家兔,随机均分为A、B、C、D四组,A、B、C三组的目标Hct分别为24%、18%、12%;D组为对照组,不行血液稀释.以20%乌拉坦行静脉麻醉后机械通气,并维持体温在37℃.监测血液稀释前后的动、静脉血气,并根据Fick's公式计算出脑氧代谢率(CERO2).结果 A组各时点CERO2与D组比较差异无统计学意义,B组CERO2在血液稀释后8 h较基础值增高,而C组CERO2在血液稀释后2、4、8 h均较基础值增高.结论 血液稀释目标Hct为24%时.对常温、有创条件下家兔脑氧代谢并无影响;日标Hct为18%时,在血液稀释后8 h可以出现CERO2增高,且血液pH值明显降低;血液稀释至Hct为12%时则不能满足脑氧代谢需求.     

不同程度急性等容量血液稀释对家兔血清S-100B蛋白浓度和脑氧代谢的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of different degrees of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) with 6% HES 20010.5 on serum S-100B protein concentration and cerebral oxygen metabolism at 37℃ in rabbits.Methods Thirty-two adult rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 8each) : Ⅰ control group underwent no ANH and Ⅱ , Ⅲ , Ⅳ ANH group underwent ANH with hematocrit (Hct)reduced to 24%, 18% and 12% respectively. The animals were anesthetized with iv 20% urethane 5 ml/kg,tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (VT = 15 ml/kg, RR = 30 bpm). The body temperature was maintained at 37℃. Left carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated for BP monitoring, blood gas analysis and blood sampling. Right jugular vein was cannulated for CVP monitoring. Left femoral artery and vein were cannulated for hemodilution. Blood withdrawn from femoral artery was simultaneously replaced by iv infusion of equal volume of HES (200/0.5) until the target Hct was achieved. Hemodynamics parameters, were recorded and blood gases were analyzed and serum S-100B protein concentration and cerebral O2 metabolic rate (CERO2) were determined before (baseline) and at 2, 4 and 8 h after ANH. Brain water content was measured by wet/dry brain weight ratio. Results There were no significant differences in serum S-100B protein concentration, CERO2 and pH value between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (Hct 24%). Serum S-100B protein concentration and CERO2 were significantly increased at 8 h after ANH as compared with the baseline before ANH in group Ⅰ (Her 18%). Serun S-100B protein concentration and CERO2 were significantly increased at 2, 4 and 8 h after ANH as compared with the baseline before ANH in group Ⅳ (Hct 12%). There was no significant difference in brain water content among the 4 groups. Conclusion ANH does not affect cerebral O2 metabolic when Hct is reduced to 24%. CERO2 can not be sustained and ischemic cerebral injury may occur when Hct is reduced to≤18%.     

血液稀释对单肺通气麻醉期间脑氧合的影响

目的观察不同程度血液稀释对单肺通气全麻手术中脑氧合的影响。方法30例单纯肺叶切除术行单肺通气的患者,随机均分为血液稀释组和对照组。血液稀释组分别在单肺通气后血液稀释前（T1）、Hct达（30±1）％（T2）和Hct达（26±1）％（T3）三个不同时点,对照组则在相对应的时点同步从动脉和颈内静脉取血作血气分析和乳酸测定,并记算颈内静脉血氧饱和度（SjvO2）、动脉颈内静脉血氧含量差（DA-jvO2）、脑氧摄取率（CERO2）和动脉-颈内静脉血乳酸含量差（DA-jvL）。结果血液稀释组在T2时SjvO2较T1时升高,DA-jvO2和CERO2较T1时降低（P〈0．05）;T3时与T1时比较虽有变化,但差异无统计学意义。与对照组比,m液稀释组Tz时SjvO2升高,DA-jvO2和CERO2降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;T3时SjvO2、DA-jvO2和CER02差异无统计学意义。两组患者DA-jvL组内组间差异无统计学意义。结论单肺通气全身麻醉期间血液稀释到Hct达（30±1）％时脑氧合状况较佳,Hct达（26±1）％时不会影响脑氧合状况。     

不同程度急性等容量血液稀释对兔小肠粘膜的影响

目的 探讨常温下不同程度急性等容量血液稀释(ANH)对家兔小肠粘膜的影响.方法 选择健康成年家兔32只,体重2.0～2.5 kg,随机分为4组(n=8),对照组(C组)不行血液稀释;其余3组血液稀释的目标Hct分别为24%(H1组)、18%(H2组)和12%(H3组).经股动脉放血:H1组、H2组、H3 组所需放血量=2×体重×每公斤体重所含体液量×(初始Hct-目标Hct)/(初始Hct+目标Hct),股静脉经30 min输入等容量6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5行ANH.于ANH前(T0)及ANH后8 h(T1)时采集肠系膜上静脉血样0.5 ml,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆TNF-α浓度.于T1时取小肠粘膜组织,观察病理学结果.结果 与T0时比较,T1时H2组、H3组肠系膜上静脉血浆TNF-α浓度升高(P＜0.01),H1组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与C组比较,H2组和H3组肠系膜上静脉血浆TNF-α浓度升高(P＜0.01),H1组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).H1组小肠粘膜未见明显损伤,H2组轻度损伤,H3组损伤严重.结论 6%羟乙基淀粉200/0.5行ANH,当Hct为24%时,对家兔小肠粘膜无明显影响;当Hct≤18%时,可诱发小肠粘膜损伤.     

异氟烷和异丙酚对体外循环心内直视手术患者围术期脑氧代谢和脑损伤影响的研究

目的：观察异氟烷和异丙酚麻醉对体外循环（CPB）心内直视手术患者围术期脑氧供需平衡及脑损伤标记物S100β和神经元性烯醇化酶（NSE）蛋白浓度的影响。方法：将30例择期行体外循环瓣膜置换手术病人随机分为异氟烷麻醉组和异丙酚麻醉组。分别于CBP开始前（T1）、鼻咽温降至稳定期（L）．复温至36℃（T3）,CBP结束后30m;n（T4）．CPB结束后6h（T5）和CPB结束后24h（T6）抽取桡动脉血和颈静脉球部血样检测血气并测定颈内静脉血S-100B和NSE蛋白的浓度。结果：CPB前两组患者颈内静脉球氧饱和度（Sjv02）,动脉一颈内静脉血氧含量差（Da—jv02）及氧摄取率（CERO2）和脑损害标记物s100B及NSE蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;随着降温逐渐加深两组Sjv02明显升高．Da—jvO2和CERO2明显降低．复温开始后两组SjvO2较CPB前明显降低,而Da—jvO2．CERO2则明显升高（P〈0．05）;CPB开始后两组血浆s100β和NSE蛋白浓度逐渐升高。复温期达到峰值．s100β蛋白浓度在停机24h后恢复至基础水平,NsE蛋白浓度仍略高于CPB前水平;两组各指标比较．异丙酚组的变化幅度要明显低于异氟烷组。结论：两种麻醉方式均可满足CPB下瓣膜置换手术的需要,与异氟烷组比较．异丙酚麻醉更有利于CBP下患者脑氧代谢的改善和脑损伤的保护。     

右美托咪定对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者脑损伤的影响

目的 评价右美托咪定对体外循环(CPBB)下心脏瓣膜置换术患者脑损伤的影响 方法 择期CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者40例,性别不限,年龄43～64岁,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为两组(n=20):对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组).麻醉诱导前D组静脉注射右美托咪定0.6 μg/kg(15 min内),随后以0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1速率输注至术毕,C组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于CPB开始前(T1)、升主动脉开放(T2)、CPB结束(T3)及术后6 h(T4)时抽取桡动脉和颈静脉球部血样行血气分析,计算动脉-颈内静脉血氧含量差(Da-jvO2)、脑氧摄取率(CERO2),于T1-4及术后 24 h(T5)时测定预内静脉球部血浆S-100β蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的浓度.结果 与C组比较,D组T2,3时SjvO2升高,Da-jvO2和CERO2降低,T2-4时血浆S-100β蛋白和NSE浓度降低(P＜0.05) 结论 右美托咪定可降低CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者脑氧代谢率,减轻脑损伤.     

急性高容量血液稀释联合瑞芬太尼控制性降压对颅内动脉瘤术患者血流动力学和脑氧代谢的影响

目的 观察颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者在急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合瑞芬太尼控制性降压(CH)后血流动力学和脑氧代谢的变化,评价其可行性.方法 选择颅内动脉瘤夹闭术患者40例,随机均分为硝酸甘油组(A组)和瑞芬太尼组(B组).手术开始时以15～20 ml·kg-1·h-1的速率输入4％琥珀酰明胶,使Hct稀释为25％～32％.在剪开硬脑膜后行CH,A组泵入硝酸甘油1～5 μg·kg-1 ·min-1;B组泵入瑞芬太尼12～30 μg·kg-1·h-1,使MAP维持在60～65 mm Hg,动脉瘤夹闭后10 min停止CH.记录两组患者AHH前(T0)、AHH后(T1)、降压前(T2)、降压后30 min(T3)、动脉瘤夹闭后5 min(T4)的MAP、HR、Hb和Hct,分别于T2～T4时采集颈内静脉球部血和桡动脉血作血气分析,检测动、静脉血氧饱和度(SaO2、SjvO2)、动、静脉血氧分压(PaO2、PjvO2)、Hb和Hct,计算动脉氧含量(CaO2)、颈内静脉氧含量(CjvO2)、动脉颈内静脉球部血氧差(Da-jvO2)、颈内静脉球部动脉乳酸差(VADL)和脑氧摄取率(CERO2).结果 与T0时比较,T1～T4时两组Hb和Hct均显著降低(P＜0.01).与T2时比较,T3、T4时两组MAP明显降低,A组HR明显增快,B组的HR明显减慢(P＜0.01);T3、T4时B组SjvO2和CjvO2明显高于T2时和A组,Da-jvO2和CERQ明显低于T2时和A组(P＜0.01).结论 AHH联合瑞芬太尼CH用于颅内动脉瘤夹闭术中,不但维持血流动力学的相对稳定,而且明显降低脑氧代谢率,较AHH联合硝酸甘油CH更具优越性.     

不同剂量异丙酚对浅低温体外循环心内直视手术病人脑静脉血浆S-100蛋白和NSE的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量异丙酚对浅低温体外循环(CPB)心内直视手术病人脑静脉血浆S-100蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的影响.方法 择期心内直视手术病人32例,随机分为3组:低剂量异丙酚组(Ⅰ组,n=10)、高剂量异丙酚组(Ⅱ组,n=7)和咪达唑仑组(Ⅲ组,n=15).CPB开始时,Ⅰ组经5～10 min静脉注射异丙酚1 mg/kg,然后静脉输注3 mg·kg-1·h-1至CPB结束;Ⅱ组经5～10 min静脉注射异丙酚1 mg/kg,然后静脉输注6 mg·kg-1·h-1至CPB结束;Ⅲ组静脉输注咪达唑仑0.2 mg·kg-1·h-1至CPB结束.于CPB开始前(基础值,T0)、鼻咽温(NPT)降温至32℃(T1)、NPT复温至36℃(T2)、CPB结束后30 min(T3)、4 h(T4)和24 h(T5)时采集颈内静脉球部血,测定血浆S-100蛋白和NSE浓度.连续监测平均动脉压(MAP)和颈静脉球压(JBP),并计算脑灌注压(CPP=MAP-JBP).结果 与T0时比较,Ⅰ组T2～4时NSE浓度升高,Ⅱ组T1～4时升高,Ⅲ组T1～5时升高,3组T1～3,时S-100蛋白浓度均升高(P＜0.05);3组间各时点NSE和S-100蛋白浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 异丙酚对浅低温体外循环心内直视手术病人脑静脉血浆S-100蛋白和NSE的释放无影响.     

Brain damage following severe acute normovolemic hemodilution in combination with controlled hypotension in rats

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The reduced oxygen content and perfusion pressure during acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and controlled hypotension (CH) raise concerns about hypoperfusion and ischemic injury to the brain. In this study on rats, we examined the brain damage following four different degrees of ANH combined with CH. METHODS: Forty rats were randomly assigned to receive a sham operation or CH and ANH [with a hematocrit (Hct) of 30, 25, 20 or 15%]. ANH was performed after baseline physiological parameters had been monitored for 20 min; 30 min later, CH was induced using sodium nitroprusside, and the mean arterial blood pressure was maintained at 50-60 mmHg for 1 h. Rats were killed 3.5 h after hemodilution. Ultrastructural alterations in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus were observed, and serum concentrations of S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured before and after ANH. RESULTS: The serum S100B concentration increased significantly in the Hct 20% + CH and Hct 15% + CH groups. However, there were no significant differences in the serum levels of NSE between the groups. In the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus, marked ultrastructural alterations, such as mitochondrial denaturalization and nucleus distortion, were observed in the Hct 20% + CH and Hct 15% + CH groups. CONCLUSION: Severe ANH (Hct < or = 20%) combined with CH may induce cerebral damage, as confirmed by marked ultrastructural alterations in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus and significantly increased serum levels of S100B, and should be avoided.     

急性等容血液稀释对犬单肺通气期间肺分流与氧合的影响

目的 观察犬单肺通气期间，不同程度急性等容血液稀释对肺分流和氧供、氧耗等的影响。方法 12只健康杂种犬，基础麻醉后插入双腔气管导管，股动、静脉置管。稳定30分钟（HD0）后，以血定安等速置换全血，分别达到轻度（HD1）、中度（HD2）、重度（HD3）和极重度（HD4）血液稀释四个阶段。每阶段均分为双肺通气（TLV）和单肺通气（ OLV），分别于各阶段TLV、OLV15分钟后测量分流（Qs/Qt)及氧供（DO2）、氧耗（VO2）等各指标变化。结果 随着HD程度的加深，平均动脉压、心输出量、肺血管阻力（PVR）、平均肺动脉压（MPAP）、氧分压、DO2等趋于降低，氧摄取率（EPO2）、血乳酸、Qs/Qt趋于增加，到HD3、HD4时已出现DO2－VO2依赖性降低及无氧酵解征象。与TLV时相比，OLV期间HD0、HD1及HD2组PVR、MPAP增高明显（P＜0．01）。而HD3、H4D4组变化不大（P＞0．05） ；OLV时QS／Qt增加更为明显，HD2、HD3及HD4组分别较基值增加74％、164％及177％（P＜0．01） 。结论 缺氧、ANHD均为影响Qs/Qt与氧合的重要因素，OLV时ANHD应以不低于中度为准。     

The hemodynamic effects of various hydroxyethyl starch solutions in heart surgery patients]

Blood conservation is gaining more and more interest because of the increasing risks involved in homologous blood transfusions. Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is becoming an established technique even in cardiac surgery patients. The "optimal" kind of volume replacement, however, is still controversial. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the hemodynamic response of 6 different hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions as volume replacement. METHODS. In 60 patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass surgery, acute, preoperative hemodilution was performed (10 ml/kg) and HES with different concentrations, molecular weight, and substitution was infused according to a randomized sequence: 1. 6% HES 450,000/0.7; 2. 10% HES 200,000/0.5; 3. 3% HES 200,000/0.5%; 4. 6% HES 40,000/0.5; 5. 6% HES 200,000/0.5; 6. 6% HES 200,000/0.62. All patients were monitored using a new pulmonary artery catheter that allows measurement of the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), right ventricular enddiastolic volume (RVEDV), and right ventricular end systolic volume (RVESV) in addition to standard hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS. Immediately after finishing ANH the typical hemodynamic changes of hemodilution (HD) were apparent (decrease in peripheral resistance and increase in cardiac index (CI]. All 6 solutions investigated were effective in hemodynamic stabilization (no changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), filling pressures (PCP, RAP), or heart rate (HR]. Forty min after ANH, however (before beginning extracorporeal circulation (ECC], there were significant differences between the groups: in groups 3 and 4 the increase in CI had already disappeared, and SVI in group 3 was even lower than the baseline values (-8%). In the other groups, a higher CI level remained even 40 min after ANH, which was most pronounced in groups 2 (+40%) and 5 (+43%). Right ventricular performance was not changed by ANH (RVEF unchanged in all groups). Forty min after hemodilution RVEDVI (-8%) and RVESVI (-16%) decreased significantly only in group 4, whereas in the other groups these parameters were still elevated. The most pronounced positive fluid balance after the end of ECC was found in group 4 (+850 ml); in these patients paO2 decreased significantly (-150 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS. The guarantee of stable hemodynamic conditions is a prerequisite when performing ANH in coronary surgery patients. The different physiochemical attributes of various HES solutions seem to be important, thus influencing their hemodynamic response. In this study, low-concentration (3% HES 200/0.5) and low-molecular (6% HES 40/0.5) HES solutions were less effective in stabilizing hemodynamics until the beginning of ECC. Additionally, their negative influence on fluid balance during ECC, followed by a deterioration in pulmonary function led to the conclusion that other solutions are preferable; in particular, 10% HES seems to be of advantage in these situations.     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4液体复苏对创伤性脑损伤合并失血性休克大鼠的脑保护作用

目的 探讨6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4(6%HES 130/0.4)液体复苏对创伤性脑损伤合并失血性休克大鼠的脑保护作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠60只,体重300～350 g,随机分为5组(n=12):假手术组(S组)、模型组(M组)、生理盐水组(NS组)、6%.HES 130/0.4组(HES组)和晶体.胶体高渗透压混合液组(HHS组).分别参照Feeney改良法和Wiggers改良法制备大鼠创伤性脑损伤模型和失血性休克模型.S组仅切开头皮,钻开骨窗,不制备创伤性脑损伤和失血性休克模型;M组制备创伤性脑损伤和失血性休克模型;其余3组均制备创伤性脑损伤和失血性休克模型,并于休克60 min时开始复苏.NS组经股静脉输注3倍于放血量的生理盐水;HES组经股静脉输注等于放血量的6%HES 130/0.4;HHS组经股静脉输注等于放血量的HHS(10%HES 130/0.4与7.5%NaCl按1:1混合),各复苏组均在30 min内将液体输注完毕.实验期间记录平均动脉压(MAP),采用ELISA法测定血清S-100β蛋白浓度;于复苏180 min时取脑组织,计算脑组织含水量,采用EUSA法测定脑组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量.结果 与M组比较,NS组、HES组和HHS组复苏后MAP和脑组织含水量升高,HES组脑组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量降低,HES组和HHS组复苏后血清S-100蛋白浓度降低(P<0.05),NS组血清S-100β蛋白浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与NS组比较,HES组和HHS组复苏后MAP升高,脑组织含水量和血清S-100β蛋白浓度均降低,HES组脑组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量降低(P<0.05);与HES组比较,HHS组脑组织TNF-α和IL-6的含量升高,血清S-100β蛋白浓度升高(P<0.05),MAP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 6%HES 130/0.4液体复苏可对创伤性脑损伤合并失血性休克大鼠产生脑保护作用,且该作用强于HHS,其脑保护作用的机制可能与降低脑组织炎性反应有关.     

羟乙基淀粉行急性等容血液稀释对兔脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨用羟乙基淀粉(HES130/0.4)急性等容血液稀释(ANH)对兔脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 24只新西兰雄性大白兔,随机均分成三组:HES组,生理盐水组(NS组),对照组(C组).HES组和NS组分别用HES130/0.4和生理盐水行ANH,使红细胞压积(Hct)达30%.ANH的方法为:15 min内经股动脉恒速放出计算的血量,同时利用微量输液泵经静脉输注与放血量等量的液体(HES组)或输注3倍于放血量的液体(NS组),放血和输液速度相等,维持术中大白兔的血压和心率恒定.稳定15 min后,行肾下腹主动脉(IRA)阻闭建立脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤模型.分别于稀释前、稀释后和腹主动脉开放后采集动脉血进行血气分析.评估再灌注后4、8、12、24及48 h后肢运动功能,并于48 h处死动物取脊髓(L5)制标本行病理组织学观察.结果 再灌注后48 h.HES组和NS组动物的后肢运动功能比C组明显改善(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);HES组和NS组动物脊髓前角正常运动神经元计数比C组显著增加(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),但两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 HES130/0.4行适度ANH对脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤具有显著地保护作用.     

肠癌根治术病人两种容量治疗方案效果的比较

目的 比较肠癌根治术病人麻醉诱导前6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4.麻醉诱导后乳酸钠林格氏液血液稀释与麻醉诱导前乳酸钠林格氏液-麻醉诱导后6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4血液稀释容量治疗的效果.方法 拟行肠癌根治术病人40例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄45～64岁,体重42～65 kg,随机分为2组(n=20),Ⅰ组麻醉诱导前经30min静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 15 ml/kg,麻醉诱导后即刻经30 min静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液15 ml/kg;Ⅱ组于麻醉诱导前经30 min静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液15 ml/kg,麻醉诱导后即刻经30 min静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 15 ml/kg.记录术中胶体液量、晶体液量、出血量、尿量和异体输血情况;于人室后(基础状态,T0)、麻醉诱导后即刻(T1、15 min(T2)、60 min(T3)、120 min(T4)及术毕(T5)时记录平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)和心率(HR);于T0、T1、T3、T5时抽取桡动脉血样1 ml行血气分析,并测定血红蛋白浓度(Hb)和红细胞压积(Hct).结果 两组均未输异体血,术中胶体液用量,晶体液用量、出血量、尿量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与基础值比较,Ⅰ组术中MAP、HCO-3、血浆乳酸、Na+、K+的浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CVP升高,HR、Hct、Hb降低,术毕时pH值降低,Ⅱ组术中CVP升高,MAP、HR、pH值降低,术毕时HCO-3降低(P<0.05),血浆乳酸、Na+、K+的浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术中CVP升高,术毕时血浆乳酸浓度降低(P<0.05).结论 肠癌根治术病人采用麻醉诱导前6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4-麻醉诱导后乳酸钠林格氏液血液稀释的容量治疗效果较好.     

急性高容量血液稀释对血液动力学及血液流变学的影响

目的探讨不同速率输注6%羟乙基淀粉(HES)进行急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对血液动力学及血液流变学的影响.方法20例ASAⅠ级的吸入全麻患者分为2组,每组10例.输注速率Ⅰ组10ml@kg@h-1,Ⅱ组20ml@kg-1@h-1.监测Ⅱ导联ECG、HR、SP、MAP、DP、CO、CI、CVP、PAP、PCWP、SpO2、PETCO2以及N2O和异氟醚呼末浓度,并行动脉血气分析和血液流变学检查.结果输注HES30和60min时,Ⅱ组HR降幅与Ⅰ组降幅比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组CI增幅基本相同(P＞0.05).60min时Ⅰ组动脉血压稍有升高,而Ⅱ组呈下降趋势(P＜0.05).输注期间2组CVP、PAP和PCWP均明显升高,60min时的升幅比30min时更大(P＜0.05);Hct、血沉方程K值和Hb浓度均明显下降,60min时降幅比30min时更大(P＜0.05).结论增加HES输注量,提高输注速率能有效加快血液扩容、稀释,但血液动力学受影响程度将加重.手术期间有血容量下降的情况下,以20ml@kg-1@h-1速率输注HES是安全的.     

Comparison between intermittent and continuous measurement of cardiac output after acute normovolemic hemodilution in pigs

Continuous cardiac output (CO) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) determined through the pulmonary artery catheter may be helpful in monitoring hemodynamic conditions in critically ill patients. This study aimed to evaluate CO and SvO2 in a model of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH), analyzing the accuracy of the continuous versus intermittent method for CO and SvO2 measurement in pigs. Twenty-three pigs were enrolled to three groups: control, ANH with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), or ANH with lactated Ringer's (LR) solution. After hemodilution, we showed that SvO2 was reduced in both groups, mainly in LR animals (P < 0.05). Regarding the evaluation of CO, we showed an increase in both groups submitted to ANH (P < 0.05). Through Bland-Altman analysis, we showed that the continuous CO catheter presented lower values than the intermittent method after hemodilution, mainly with HES (P < 0.001), and there was no difference in the measurement of SvO2. The ANH promoted a decrease in SvO2 and an increase in CO values, mainly in animals submitted to hemodilution with HES. The use of continuous and intermittent (laboratory) measurement of SvO2 showed clinical applicability and good agreement, an effect not reproduced by the CO measurement. New studies are needed to further investigate the agreement between the continuous and intermittent methods for the measurement of CO in adverse hemodynamic conditions such as ANH.