结肠镜普查及随访对老年人早期结直肠癌的诊断价值

目的 通过对老年人进行结肠镜临床普及及随访,提高老年人结直肠癌的防治水平。方法 结合每年查体对2196例60－89岁老年人进行结肠镜临床普查及随访,结肠镜随访1740例,随访率为79．2％。结果 共检出结直肠癌52例,检出率为2．4％,早期结直肠癌19例,占36．5％,结肠镜随访中检出早期结肠癌9例,占随访检出直肠癌20例的45．0％。结直肠癌手术切除率及术后5年生存率分别为97．7％和80．9％。结肠镜插镜成功率为98．9％,并发症的发生率为0．05％。结论 开展老年人结肠镜临床普查及随访,使结直肠癌及癌前病变－－腺瘤性息肉患者得到了早期诊断,提高了早期结直肠癌的检出率及结直肠癌的Ⅱ级防治水平。     

上海不同等级10个医疗机构早期胃癌的筛选结果比较

目的总结及比较不同等级医疗机构的早期胃癌临床筛查水平。方法回顾分析上海瑞金医院等上海市早期胃癌临床协作组所属10个医疗机构接受电子胃镜检查患者的胃癌筛查结果，比较胃癌检出率和早期胃癌的情况。结果10个医疗机构共进行胃镜检查241782例，经活检病理检查共检出胃癌4892例，检出率2．02％，不同机构中胃癌检出率最高为3．13％，最低为0．65％。4892例胃癌中，经外科手术病理检查证实早期胃癌470例，占所有检出胃癌的9．61％。早期胃癌中，55例手术病理证实伴有胃周淋巴结或其他脏器转移，早期胃癌伴转移者为11．7％。结论目前早期胃癌临床筛查水平仍较低，扩大门诊胃镜筛查早期胃癌指证，加强随访，建立多科合作、序贯检查及治疗模式以及加强基础培训、开展早期胃癌诊断新技术是提高早期胃癌诊断水平的重要途径。     

胃癌前期病变566例随访观察

采用胃镜活检病理对比方法对566例胃癌前期病变患者进行追踪观察，结果表明这些病变均有一定的可逆转性，伴有两种或以上的病变组癌变率较高，癌变多发生在随访5年以上。共检出胃癌18例（3．2％），其中早期胃癌8例，均为腺癌，占同期检出胃癌的44．4％，比门诊早期胃癌检出率高6.2倍。此法简便实用，是发现早癌的可靠途径。     

505例胃黏膜上皮内瘤变患者中筛查胃癌的研究

[目的]对胃黏膜上皮内瘤变(IEN)患者开展胃镜的定期随访和筛查胃癌的研究,探索提高临床胃癌检出的有效性。[方法]收集2009年1月~2014年12月间,经胃镜活检病理诊断为胃黏膜IEN患者505例,其中低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIEN)465例,高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIEN)40例,进行定期随访、胃镜复查及病灶活检病理学检查,病理学证实胃癌或有确切病灶的HGIEN者行外科、腹腔镜手术或内镜黏膜剥离术(ESD)治疗,切除标本作病理学检查及胃癌分期。[结果]505例胃黏膜IEN患者经平均21.33个月的随访以及平均3.88次的胃镜复查,共检出胃癌81例,检出胃癌占全组的16.0%,其中早期胃癌51例,占检出胃癌的63.0%;进展期胃癌22例,占检出胃癌的27.2%。另外经胃镜活检病理检出的8例胃癌失访。465例LGIEN患者,检出胃癌57例(12.3%),其中早期胃癌38例(66.7%);40例HGIEN患者,检出胃癌24例(60.0%),其中早期胃癌13例(54.2%)。[结论]通过对胃黏膜IEN患者的定期胃镜随访及病理活检,能有效提高胃癌的检出率,尤其能够在LGIEN中筛查出漏诊的胃癌患者;具有确切病灶的HGIEN者,手术病理证实大多为胃癌患者,因此对胃黏膜IEN患者的定期复查必须实施制度化管理。     

甘肃省30年胃镜检出34116例胃癌分析

目的 探讨甘肃省胃镜检出胃癌的临床流行病学特点。方法选择1977年1月至2006年12月甘肃省163所医院胃镜检出并经病理确诊的胃癌患者的病例资料。对其主要的内镜下改变、临床特点及流行病学特点进行回顾性分析。结果甘肃省30年胃镜检出并经病理证实的胃癌34116例,总检出率为5．30％,且呈逐年下降趋势,其中贲门癌占胃癌总数的18．50％,非贲门部胃癌占81．50％,各部位胃癌中胃窦癌占首位（38．63％）。近10年中,贲门癌构成比从16．1％上升至20．0％,胃癌男女构成比为3．56：1,且本省胃癌检出率以武威地区最高,为8．19％。组织学分类显示,低分化腺癌占胃癌总数的49．64％。结论甘肃省胃癌发病以河西地区为高,以胃窦癌为主,胃癌病理学分类主要为高度恶性腺癌,且30年中胃癌的检出率明显下降,贲门癌检出率亦呈下降趋势,早期胃癌检出率较低。     

2010年上海市六家医院早期胃癌患者手术治疗情况总结及分析

长期以来,胃癌一直是全球发病率和病死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。由于日本的早期胃癌研究较为成功,日本胃癌总的5年生存率为40％～60％,居世界之首;其他国家约为20％［1］。中国每年死于胃癌的患者约22.7万,占所有恶性肿瘤死亡患者的23％,而患者的早期胃癌诊断率不足1／10,早期胃癌手术率仅为5％～10％［2］。因此,提高我国早期胃癌检出水平刻不容缓。由于胃癌诊断主要取决于胃镜及活组织病理检查,因此提高我国胃镜检查中对胃癌的识别能力至关重要。     

胃癌序贯筛查实施现场胃癌患者术后生存分析—11年随访

探讨胃癌序贯筛查法实施后手术治疗对胃癌患者生存率的影响。方法：参加胃癌序贯筛查的人群及作为对照的非筛查人群中发现胃癌并进行手术治疗的67例患者为研究对象,其中筛查组27例,非筛查组40例,自1987年随访至1997年,详细记录其生存时间等资料并进行生存分析。结果：胃癌筛查组患者术后5年及10年生存率均明显高于非筛查组患者、存在显著统计学差异（5年生存率：73．0％比34．5％,P＜0．05;10年生存率：69．0％比0,P＜0．05）。筛查组早期胃癌患者的比例亦明显高于非筛查组（63％比5％,P＜0．05）。结论：实施胃癌序贯筛查可以探查出更多的早期胃癌,手术治疗可以明显延长患者的生存时间。     

早期胃癌手术率的演变及经验

目的总结上海瑞金医院7年间早期胃癌手术率的演变。方法统计2001年～2007年间外科胃癌切除手术例数、经切除标本病理学证实的早期胃癌数以及早期胃癌占胃癌总数的比例；按国际标准对确诊的早期胃癌进行形态学分类。结果7年间共行胃癌切除术2129例，经手术确认的早期胃癌340例。2001年～2004年间早期胃癌手术率为12．3％；2005年～2007年建立了多科联合的胃肠肿瘤学科群，早期胃癌手术率平均为19，6％，最高年手术率达到21，8％。检出的早期胃癌中以0-ⅡIc型最为多见，占67．1％；其次为0-Ⅲ型，占19．1％。结论早期胃癌的检出是一项经验积累的工作，多科协作是提高早期胃癌手术率的重要方法，我国应当努力开展无症状早期胃癌患者的筛选及诊断工作。     

从高危人群中筛选早期胃癌的临床研究

为提高早期胃癌检出率,作者前瞻性地对271例胃癌高危人群和105例普通胃病就诊者开展了内镜及病理诊断的比较研究。结果高危人群组检出胃癌22例,其中早期胃癌14倒(占胃癌63. 6％);普通就诊者内镜检查发现胃癌5例,无一为早期胃癌。结果表明,高危人群随访复查检出早期胃癌的有效性明显为高。     

胃镜精查提高早期胃癌检出率的研究

目的分析近5年我院早期胃癌检出率,总结提高早期胃癌检出率的措施。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年9月我院胃癌患者资料,统计经手术或内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)后病理证实的早期胃癌例数,对胃镜活检病理为上皮内肿瘤的患者召回行胃镜检查,分析此举措能否提高早期胃癌检出率。结果我院2014年1月至2018年9月共完成胃镜检查77 658例次,共发现胃癌738例,胃癌发现率为0. 95%;其中355例胃癌患者在我院行外科手术或ESD,病理证实为早期胃癌者148例,早期胃癌占我院治疗胃癌数量的41. 69%。已随访外院治疗胃癌172例,其中病理证实为早期胃癌者22例;早期胃癌总例数为170例,总的早期胃癌检出率为23. 04%。2017年至2018年异常病理患者570例,电话随访后,257例召回完成胃镜精查,精查率为45. 09%,精查后发现早期胃癌67例;总早期胃癌的检出率为31. 48%; 2014年至2016年异常病理患者412例,86例召回完成胃镜精查,精查率为20. 87%,精查后发现早期胃癌33例,总早期胃癌检出率为16. 43%。2017年至2018年的早期胃癌检出率明显高于2014年至2016年(χ2=23. 24,P=0. 001)。不确定的上皮内肿瘤患者中有97例完成胃镜精查,发现早期胃癌7例,占7. 22%;低级别上皮内肿瘤患者中,有211例完成胃镜精查,发现早期胃癌61例,占28. 91%;高级别上皮内肿瘤患者中35例完成胃镜精查,确诊早期胃癌32例,占91. 43%。结论对活检病理检查为不确定的上皮内肿瘤及上皮内肿瘤者由专人负责电话随访召回,进行胃镜精查能明显提高早期胃癌的检出率,减少漏诊,是提高早期胃癌检出率的有效措施。     

青年人胃癌35例临床内镜病理分析

1972年1月～1992年1月,我院胃镜检查发现35岁以下胃癌35例,占同期胃镜检出胃癌(644例)的5.42％。本组男24例,女11例。弥漫型胃癌20例,溃疡型胃癌15例,其中早期胃癌2例(5.71％)。手术切除率37.2％,5年生存率11.4％。青年人胃癌预后差的主要原因:①在组织学类型上,分化差或弥漫型胃癌居多;②多数病人确诊延误。为了改善其预后,应重视青年人胃癌的早期诊断。本文讨论了青年人胃癌与胃溃疡的关系以及十二指肠溃疡与胃癌共存问题。强调对青年人胃溃疡患者应积极进行胃镜与病理学追踪检查;在胃镜检查时,如发现十二指肠溃疡,仍需对整个胃部进行仔细检查。     

Detection of an increased incidence of early gastric cancer in patients with intestinal metaplasia type III who are closely followed up.

Because early gastric cancer is associated with a much better prognosis than advanced disease, its diagnosis is important. Over a 12 year period (1976-87), a progressive increase in the incidence of early gastric cancer was observed. Twenty four of the 718 (3.3%) consecutive gastric resections for gastric cancer in this period were in patients with early gastric cancer. Six of the 24 were diagnosed in the first six year period (1976-81) and 18 in the second six year period (1982-87) (p less than 0.01). This increase was observed during the prospective phase of the study, when all patients diagnosed on initial biopsy specimen as showing type III intestinal metaplasia underwent follow up endoscopy and biopsy at six to 12 month intervals. Eleven of the 18 with early gastric cancer detected in this period were diagnosed as a direct result of this follow up. We conclude that early gastric cancer can be diagnosed with increasing frequency if patients with type III intestinal metaplasia are closely followed endoscopically.     

食管和贲门早癌内镜激光治疗的五年存活率和预后因素

为探索食管和贲门早癌激光治疗的五年生存率和影响其预后的因素，对内镜Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光治疗后癌细胞消失的３２例食管和贲门早期浅表癌病人进行了３３－７８个月（平均５５．３个月）的前瞻性随访。应用Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ ｌｉｍｉｔ ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅ方法计算其存活率；并与１１７例食管和贲门早期浅表癌的自然病程进行了对比分析。内镜激光治疗五年存活率为９７％，未经治疗的早期食管贲门癌五年存活率为６７％，（Ｐ＜０．０１），表明内镜Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光是一种有效的治疗方法。在对影响疗效因素的分析中，发现癌基因ｐ５３是一个有价值的独立预后因素。     

青年人胃癌40例的临床,内镜及病理分析

４０例青年人胃癌，占同期我院胃镜检出胃癌６９９例的５．７％。男性２６例，女性１４例。３１～３５岁为１５例（３７．５％），最小年龄为１５岁。早期胃癌３例（７．５％），进展期癌３７例。手术切除率为４２．５％。５年生存率为１５％（６／４０）。本组发现５例胃癌与十二指肠溃疡共存。本文分析了青年人胃癌的特点与预后差的主要原因，并讨论了青年人胃癌与胃溃疡关系以及与十二指肠溃疡共存问题。     

早期胃癌内镜下切除术后复发的相关因素分析

目的 探讨早期胃癌内镜下切除术后复发的相关性因素.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院169例早期胃癌经内镜下切除治疗并定期随访患者的临床病理资料.结果 随访时间13～57个月(中位时间24.5个月),169例患者中12例出现胃癌复发,总复发率为7.10%,复发时间为3～36(28±23)个月,中位时间18个月,0.5、1、2、3年的复发率分别为1.18%(2/169)、3.55%(6/169)、9.91%(11/111)、12.24%(12/98).12例复发患者有11例发生在2年以内,其中组织分化不良(低分化腺癌和印戒细胞癌)、浸润至黏膜下层、有淋巴管浸润的早期胃癌容易出现术后复发(P＜0.05).结论 早期胃癌内镜下切除术后的复发多出现在2年以内.组织分化不良、肿瘤浸润至黏膜下层及有淋巴管浸润是术后复发的危险因素,严谨的内镜随访对于这些患者尤为重要.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the related factors of recurrence of early gastric cancer (EGC) after endoscopic resection. Methods Clinicopathologic data of 169 patients with EGC who underwent endoscopic resection and periodically followed up by the Chinese PLA General hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results During a follow-up of 13-57 months (median time 24. 5 months), 12patients had gastric cancer again and the recurrence rate was 7. 1% (12/169). The recurrence time varied from 3 to 36 (28 ± 23)months and the median time was 18 months. The recurrence rates of 0.5 year, 1st year, 2nd year and 3rd year were 1.18% (2/169), 3.55% (6/169), 9.91% (11/111) and 12.24%(12/98), respectively. Eleven patients had gastric cancer again within 2 years after resection.Undifferentiated histology (including poorly differentiated carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma),submucosal infiltration and lymphovascular invasion of the primary lesion of EGC were related to thepostsurgical recurrence ( all P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Most recurrence of EGC occurred within 2 years afterendoscopic resecton and is related with undifferentiated histology, submucosal infiltration andlymphovascular invasion. It is important for these patients to receive endoscopy follow up.     

Natural history of early gastric cancer: a non-concurrent, long term, follow up study

BACKGROUND: Controversy has arisen on the natural history of early gastric cancer (EGC). While some emphasise the effectiveness of early detection in reducing mortality from gastric cancer, others insist that EGC is a pseudo-cancer. AIMS/PATIENTS/METHODS: To elucidate the natural history of EGC, a non-concurrent, long term, follow up study was conducted in 71 patients who were diagnosed endoscopically as having EGC, which was confirmed as cancer on biopsy, but in whom surgical resection was not conducted or delayed by more than six months. RESULTS: The natural course of EGC was observed in 56 cases. Over a period of 6-137 months, 20 remained in the early stage while 36 progressed to the advanced stage. The proportion remaining in the early stage consistently decreased with time. Median duration of those who remained in the early stage was estimated as 44 months. The cumulative five year risk for progressing to the advanced stage was 63.0%. In 38 cases there was no evidence for undergoing surgical resection for gastric cancer. The cumulative five year corrected survival was estimated as 62.8% among those unresected. Hazard rate ratio for gastric cancer mortality was 0.65 (p=0.34) for screening detected versus non-screening detected. Hazard rate ratio for gastric cancer mortality was 0.51, significantly lower for patients whose operations were delayed compared with those unresected. CONCLUSIONS: Although EGC showed a relatively long natural history in general, it progressed to the advanced stage with time and led to death from gastric cancer for the most part if left untreated.     

Implications of serum pepsinogen I in early endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer and dysplasia. Helsinki Gastritis Study Group

BACKGROUND and AIMS: The risk of gastric cancer (GCA) is increased in atrophic gastritis. A low serum pepsinogen group I (SPGI) level is a good serologic indicator of atrophic gastritis of the gastric corpus and fundus, and can be used for diagnosis of subjects with atrophic gastritis and of increased risk for GCA. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether SPGI assay and a diagnostic gastroscopy could enable the diagnosis of GCA at an early stage. MATERIAL and METHODS: The study was carried out as part of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer prevention study (ATBC study) in Finland, in which 22,436 male smokers aged 50-69 years were screened by SPGI. Low SPGI levels (< 25 microg/l) were found in 2196 (9.8%) men. Upper GI endoscopy (gastroscopy) was performed in 1344 men (61%) and 78% of these had moderate or severe atrophic corpus gastritis in endoscopic biopsies. A control series of 136 men from the ATBC study cohort with abdominal symptoms, but with SPGI > or = 50 microg/l were similarly endoscopied, and 2.2% of these had corpus atrophy. RESULTS: Neoplastic alterations were found in 63 (4.7%; 95% CI: 3.6%-5.8%) of the 1344 endoscopied men with low SPGI levels. Of these, 42 were definite dysplasias of low grade, 7 dysplasias of high grade, 11 invasive carcinomas, of which 7 were 'early' cancers, and 3 carcinoid tumors. In the control series, 1 man (0.7%) of the 136 men had a definite low-grade dysplasia. Thus, 18 (1.3%; 95% CI 0.7%-2.0%) cases with 'severe' neoplastic lesions (4 advanced cancers, 7 early cancers and 7 dysplasias of high grade) were found in the low SPGI group, but there were none in the control group. All four patients with advanced cancer died from the malignancy within 5 years (mean survival time 2.5 years), whereas surgical treatment in all those with early cancer or high-grade dysplasia was curative. One of the seven patients with early cancer and two of the seven with high-grade dysplasia died within 5 years, but none died from the gastric cancer. Thus, curative treatment was given to 14 of 18 men in whom a malignant lesion was found in gastroscopy. This is about 15% of all gastric cancer cases (92 cases) which were diagnosed within 5 years after SPGI screening in the 22,436 men. Among the gastric cancer cases of the main ATBC study, the 5-year survival rate was 33% (85% of the non-survivors died from gastric cancer). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that assay of SPGI followed by endoscopy is an approach which can enable the early diagnosis of gastric cancer at a curable stage.