腰椎间盘造影在椎间盘源性腰痛诊治中的应用

目的：探讨椎间盘造影对椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断价值及椎间融合手术的疗效。方法：2003年10月～2004年6月间对45例具有椎间盘源性腰痛症状的病人进行了椎间盘造影,共101个椎间盘,45例中依据椎间盘造影的结果行椎间360度融合手术18例,保守治疗27例。所有病例全部都进行了MRI和CT检查。观察造影图像和MRI表现,记录诱发痛,随访手术组和保守组的疗效。结果：45例中21例出现了诱发痛（47％）,101个造影椎间盘中有21个椎间盘出现诱发痛（21％）;21例诱发痛阳性的病人中18例接受了360度融合手术,随访时间平均6个月（3个月-10个月）,术后11例病人腰痛完全消失（11／18,优61％）,4例疼痛基本消失（4／18,良22％）,3例腰痛无变化（3／18,差17％）;3例诱发痛阳性的病人和24例诱发痛阴性的病人行保守治疗,在同期随访中,一例腰痛完全消失（1／27,优4％）,10例疼痛基本消失（10／27,良37％）,16例疼痛没有变化甚至加重（16／27,差59％）。结论：腰椎间盘造影对椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断具有价值一定的敏感性,对确定为疼痛原因的椎间隙实施椎间360度融合手术可以消除病人的疼痛,近期效果比保守治疗好。     

腰椎间盘造影在椎间盘源性腰痛诊治中的应用

[目的]探讨椎间盘造影对椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断价值及椎间融合手术的疗效。[方法]2003年10月～2004年6月间对45例具有椎间盘源性腰痛症状的病人进行了椎间盘造影,共101个椎间盘,45例中依据椎间盘造影的结果行椎间360°融合手术18例,保守治疗27例。所有病例全部进行了MRI和CT检查。观察造影图像和MRI表现,记录诱发痛,随访手术组和保守组的疗效。[结果]45例中2l例出现了诱发痛(47%),101个造影椎间盘中有21个椎间盘出现诱发痛(21%);21例诱发痛阳性的病人中18例接受了360°融合手术,随访时间平均6个月(3～10个月),术后1l例病人腰痛完全消失(11/18,优:61%),4例疼痛基本消失(4/18,良:22%),3例腰痛无变化(3/18,差:17%);3例诱发痛阳性的病人和24例诱发痛阴性的病人行保守治疗,在同期随访中,1例腰痛完全消失(1/27,优:4%),10例疼痛基本消失(10/27,良:37%),16例疼痛没有变化甚至加重(16/27,差:59%)。[结论]腰椎间盘造影对椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断具有一定的敏感性,对确定为疼痛原因的椎间隙实施椎间360°融合手术可以消除病人的疼痛,近期效果比保守治疗好。     

腰椎间盘造影在腰椎间盘源性腰痛诊治中的应用

目的：探讨椎间盘造影对腰椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断价值及椎间融合手术的疗效，研究椎间盘造影对椎间融合节段范围选择的意义。方法：2004年1月至2006年2月对35例具有腰椎间盘源性腰痛症状的患者进行了椎间盘造影，共74个椎间盘。所有病例均行MR和CT检查，观察造影图像和MRI表现，记录诱发痛。35例患者中根据椎间盘造影的结果，行腰椎间融合术20例，并随访手术患者的疗效。结果：35例中20例患者22个椎间盘出现了诱发痛（57．1％），20例诱发痛阳性患者的22个节段均行腰椎间盘融合术，并全部随访，随访时间10个月-2年，平均15个月，按改良MacNab评定标准判断：优13例，良4例，可2例，差1例。15例诱发痛阴性的患者予保守治疗，在同期随访中，5例腰痛完全消失，7例疼痛基本消失，3例疼痛没有变化，甚至加重。6例患者腰椎融合节段相邻的9个椎间盘有MRI异常改变，但造影无诱发痛，即无症状椎间盘，未包括在融合范围之内，在同期的随访中，1例因相邻无症状退变间盘退变加重并产生严重症状而接受融合手术。结论：腰椎间盘造影对椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断和选择治疗方法等方面具有独特的价值，对确定为疼痛原因的椎间隙实施腰椎间融合术可以消除患者的疼痛。在选择融合节段时，仅融合有症状的退变椎间盘即可。     

椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断与治疗

目的探讨腰椎间盘源性疼痛的诊断方法及采用前路经腹膜外入路椎间盘切除人工椎间盘置换或椎间cage植骨融合的临床疗效。方法35例经保守治疗无效的椎间盘源性腰痛患者接受手术治疗。椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断标准为：（1）腰部及下肢疼痛的部位与神经根定位不符；（2）症状反复发作，病程在半年以上；（3）MRI病变椎间盘T2加权像低信号；（4）椎间盘造影阳性，相邻节段为阴性对照；（5）关节突关节封闭除外关节突关节退变引起的疼痛。患者年龄25-67岁，平均43．6岁。L4-5 14例，L5S1 16例，L4-5和L5S1双间隙5例。前路经腹膜外入路椎间盘切除后行人工椎间盘置换13例16个椎间盘，椎间cage融合22例24个椎间盘。术后3-7天下地活动。腰围固定3个月。结果所有患者随访6～26个月，平均18个月。术后腰痛及下肢痛症状明显缓解，均恢复正常生活或工作。VAS评分由术前平均72分，降至术后18分，随访6个月时6．5分。ODI评分由术前平均21．5分。降至随访6个月时3分。椎间隙高度从术前平均9．5mm增加至术后13．5mm。手术时间70-120min，出血量100-400ml。随访时未发现肠梗阻、逆行射精和假体位置移动。结论椎间盘源性腰痛由于临床和影像学表现不典型，常被误诊或漏诊，可结合腰椎MRI及椎间盘造影进行诊断。腰椎前路椎间盘切除人工椎间盘置换或椎间cage融合是治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的有效选择。     

椎间盘源性腰痛的临床特点与治疗

目的:探讨椎间盘源性腰痛的临床表现特点,为其诊断和治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性分析经手术治疗的21例椎间盘源性腰痛患者的术前临床表现、影像学资料及术后腰痛和功能改善程度。结果:椎间盘源性腰痛的主要临床表现为伴有功能障碍的严重腰痛,可伴随腹股沟、大腿前外侧痛或根性放射痛;病变椎间盘造影纤维环破裂明显,MRI上出现椎间盘纤维环后方高信号或终板信号改变者比率低;前路椎间盘切除、椎间融合术后疼痛VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数改善率分别为(82.2±3.4)%和(74.0±5.7)%。结论:椎间盘源性腰痛患者的特异性体征和影像表现少,椎间盘造影是可靠诊断方法,前路椎间盘切除椎间融合疗效可靠。     

间盘造影在近融合椎正常间盘的诊断价值

目的 采取回顾分析的研究方法，探讨椎间盘造影术在腰椎融合邻近正常椎间盘的诊断应用价值。方法 57例因椎间盘源性下腰痛行椎间盘切除和后路椎间融合术的患者。手术前行椎间盘造影时，不包括邻近融合节段的正常椎间盘。所有患者随访35．6个月（24-80个月）。对所有患者的临床疗效和影像学结果进行评价分析。结果 53例患者中49例临床效果优良，随访2年以上，38例患者无任何症状。15例患者在度过21个月的无症状期后出现疼痛复发，采用腰椎MRI和椎间盘造影复查。结果 MRI发现15例患者中的8例出现了邻近节段椎间盘的退变，而此8例中仅有1例（2％）经过MRI和椎间盘造影同时证实该节段为疼痛的原因，从而再次进行融合手术。结论 术前MRI上专现为正常的相邻椎间盘在椎间融合术后不容易变成病变节段，因此没有必要常规在术前为了排除病变节段，而行相邻于拟融合节段的正常椎间盘的造影检查。     

HIZ与椎间盘造影在椎间盘源性腰痛诊断中的对比研究

目的对比MRI T2WI上HIZ（high intensity zone）与椎间盘造影对椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断价值。方法2006年9～2007年12月,对43例严重下腰痛患者进行MRI检查以及椎间盘造影术,对MRI T2WI存在HIZ表现的患者以及椎间盘造影阳性的患者进行回顾性分析。结果43例患者中,26例患者的31个节段有HIZ表现（60．5％,26／43）,其中17例造影阳性,阳性率为65．4％（17／26）;17例无HIZ表现的患者中4例造影阳性,阳性率为（23．5％,4／17）。43例患者中,共计21例患者23个节段造影阳性,阳性率为48．8％（21／43）。结论慢性下腰痛患者中HIZ对椎间盘源性腰痛有较高的提示作用,但确诊仍需椎间盘造影术予以明确。     

经椎间孔椎间融合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛

目的观察经椎间孔椎间融合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的近期疗效。方法将经临床检查和椎间盘造影确诊的19例椎间盘源性腰痛患者行经椎间孔椎间融合椎弓根螺钉内固定术,术后经12～24个月的随访,观察患者腰痛改善率和椎间融合情况。结果根据JOA标准评定,腰痛改善率平均92％,17例骨性融合,2例未融合。结论经椎间孔椎间融合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛近期疗效满意。     

腰椎融合区相邻节段无症状退变椎间盘的转归

目的：观察腰椎融合区相邻节段无症状性退变间盘的转归，探讨腰椎融合节段的选择。方法：71例因椎间盘源性腰痛而接受椎阃盘切除、椎间植骨融合术患者，术前均进行仔细的体格检查、MRI和椎间盘造影，对MRI表现和柞间盘造影阳性的节段进行融合，其中53例相邻椎间盘MRI表现正常（A组），18例相邻20个节段为无症状性退变间盘（B组）比较两组术后的临床疗效、疼痛复发以及二次手术率。结果：所有患者均随访2年以上（平均35个月），临床疗效优良率A组为92.4％，B组为77．8％，无统计学差异（P=0.189）。A组中1例因相邻节段间盘发生退变并产生严重症状而进行了二次融合手术：B组叶14例因相邻的无症状性退变间盘退变加重并产生严重症状而接受一次融合手术。结论：柑邻于融合节段的无症状性退变间盘大多数（77.8％）不产生后期的疼痛症状，临床疗效满息、存初次进行融合时，仅融合有症状的退变间盘即可。     

后路椎间植骨椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛

目的研究后路椎体间融合加椎弓根固定治疗腰椎间盘源性腰痛的手术疗效。方法 35例腰椎间盘源性下腰痛,选择后路椎体间植骨融合（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）加椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术。分别于术前、术后对患者的腰痛情况进行JOA评分,同时评估术后腰椎融合率。结果术后随访时间8～24个月,平均18个月。术后腰部疼痛症状缓解明显,优21例,良8例,一般4例,差2例,有效率95%。术后椎间植骨临床愈合35例,植骨愈合有效率100%。结论后路椎间植骨椎弓根螺钉固定术对椎间盘源性腰痛是一种有效的治疗方法。     

椎间盘造影压力与椎间盘源性腰痛手术疗效的关系

目的 探讨椎间蕊造影压力与腰椎间盘源件疼痛手术疗效的关系.方法 2004年4月至2006年6月,65例慢性腰痛患者经压力控制性椎间盘造影确诊为椎间盘源性腰痛.其中22例经保守治疗无效者接受前路腰椎椎间融合术,年龄25～67岁,平均43.6岁.L4-5例,L5S112例,L4-5和L5S1双间隙2例.记录椎间盘造影诱发疼痛时的压力,将患者分为椎间盘造影压力≤300 kPa(低压组)10例,300～500 kPa(高压组)12例.椎间cage融合术22例24个椎间盘.术后3～7 d下地活动.腰围固定3个月.根据术前、术后VAS评分和ODI评分比较高压组和低压组手术疗效.结果 所有患者随访6～26个月,平均18个月.手术时间70～120 min,平均90 min;出血量100～400 ml,平均220 ml.低压组与高压组术前VAS评分和ODI评分、椎间隙高度、手术时间、出血量差异无统计学意义.术后腰及下肢痛症状明显缓解,均恢复正常生活或工作.椎间隙高度从术前平均9.5 mm增加至13.5 mm.术后6个月低压组VAS、ODI改善率分别为82.4%、90.1%,高压组为71.7%、80.6%.随访时未发现肠梗阻、逆行射精和假体位置移动.结论 压力控制性椎间盘造影能够提高椎间盘源性腰痛的诊断准确性,低压力椎间盘造影阳性者手术疗效更好.     

Does provocative discography screening of discogenic back pain improve surgical outcome?

The value of preoperative provocative discography in the setting of discogenic low back pain was investigated by evaluating surgical outcomes. Seventy-three consecutive patients who underwent posterolateral interbody and posterior spinal arthrodesis for discogenic low back pain refractory to nonoperative management were reviewed. Chronologically, the first 41 patients (group A) were indicated without discography, whereas the remaining 32 (group B) had been indicated only if their pain had been reproduced during disc injection. The two groups were similar in demographic, psychometric, and radiologic parameters. Average follow-up time in group A was 2.8 years and in group B it was 2.4 years, both with a 2-year minimum. Using modified Oswestry scoring, group A and group B patients had satisfactory outcomes of 75.6% and 81.2%, respectively. This difference was neither statistically significant nor suggestive. In this study, provocative discography screening did not improve surgical outcomes after circumferential fusion for lumbar discogenic back pain.     

MRI高信号区与椎间盘造影在椎间盘源性腰痛诊断中的相关性研究

目的 研究腰椎间盘MRI高信号区(HIZ)与椎间盘造影诱发疼痛反应之间的关系,为椎间盘源性下腰痛诊断和治疗提供参考.方法 对37例长期慢性下腰痛、无典型的神经根性症状和体征,且CT证实无椎间盘突出的患者行MRI检查和腰椎间盘造影.分析造影后的X线片和CT片,并结合造影时诱发的疼痛反应,比较其与腰椎间盘MRI高信号区之间的关系.结果 37例患者共行98个腰椎间盘造影,21个椎间盘疼痛反应阳性,其中有HIZ的间盘10个,占47.6%.77个疼痛反应阴性的椎间盘中,有HIZ的间盘29个,占37.6%.纤维环破裂程度分级越高,MRI出现高信号区的比例也越高,说明有高信号区的纤维环破裂程度高,无高信号区的纤维环破裂程度低(P＜0.01);而高信号区与造影疼痛反应阳性之间并无明显一致性(P＞0.05).结论 MRI高信号区在诊断椎间盘源性腰痛中仅为提示性和筛选性的影像学征象,不能替代椎间盘造影的金标准.     

侧后路经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除、射频热凝纤维环成形术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛

目的探讨侧后路经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除、射频热凝纤维环成形术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的短期疗效。方法采用侧后路经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除、射频热凝纤维环成形术治疗25例经椎间盘造影证实的间盘源性腰痛,分析治疗前及治疗后6个月内VAS评分的变化及术后6个月MacNab评分。结果2例术后1周出现下肢日光烧灼综合征,均为L5～S1椎间盘破裂患者,经过脉冲电刺激治疗1周后缓解;无其他手术并发症发生。25例随访6～10个月,术前腰痛VAS评分为6.24±0.97,术后1周VAS评分0.80±0.65,术后1、3、6个月VAS评分均为0（0～2）,术后腰痛VAS评分较术前有明显降低（Kruskal-Wallis法秩和检验,H=61.680,P=0.000）,且术后6个月内腰痛VAS评分无明显反弹。术前伴有下肢疼痛不适的4例术后下肢症状均缓解。按照MacNab评分标准,6个月随访时11例优,12例良,2例可,优良率92.0%（23/25）。结论侧后路经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除、射频热凝纤维环成形术治疗间盘源性腰痛短期疗效满意。     

The impact of discography on the surgical decision in patients with chronic low back pain

Background contextA reduced frequency of discographies might be the result of increasing concern with long-term effects of discography such as disc degeneration. More knowledge is needed in what patient discography is most likely to influence the surgical decision.PurposeThis study was aimed at highlighting how discography affects surgical decisions when performed on one of four different indications in a complicated subgroup of patients with chronic low back pain assumed to be associated with degenerative disc disease (DDD).Study designProspective before-after study to analyze how frequently a prediscography preliminary decision was changed and in what direction by adding information from discography in a subgroup of patients with DDD.Patient sampleOne hundred thirty-eight patients admitted to a spine clinic more than 4 years with the DDD diagnosis (15% of all) were referred for discography because it was considered that medical history, clinical findings, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were insufficient to make a final assessment on whether to propose surgery/recommend against surgery or what segments to operate on.Outcome measuresThese were the recorded changes to prediscography preliminary decisions after information was added from discography.MethodsBefore these patients were referred to provocative discography, the surgeon had to select one of four alternative questions/indications being the reason for the discography and choose what decision would have been made if discography would not have been available. The questions/indications were as follows: surgery decided discography to establish whether to treat adjacent segment as well (n=17); several segments degenerated on MRI, pain likely to be discogenic, discography to evaluate what segments to treat (n=56); uncertainty whether pain is discogenic but one suspected segment on MRI (n=38); uncertainty whether pain is discogenic and several segments degenerated in MRI (n=27); the decision after discography was then compared with the prediscography decision and the changes affected by the result of the discography were analyzed.ResultsChanges were made to the prediscography decision in 71% of the patients in total. When the surgeon was assured that the pain was discogenic, one segment was added or subtracted in 58% of the patients compared with original prediscography decision. When the surgeon was uncertain if pain was discogenic, the final decision changed from surgery to no surgery in 8%, from no surgery to surgery in 42%, and in cases that were planned for surgery prediscography, one segment was added or subtracted in 17% of the patients. The more certain the surgeon was before discography that the patient's pain was indeed discogenic, the fewer changes between surgical treatment and no surgical treatment took place. The more uncertain the surgeon was before discography that the patient's pain was discogenic, the fewer changes in segments to treat took place in patients who went on to surgery. Changes of involved segments were made to all the 27 patients with a preliminary decision for surgical treatment of the L5–S1 segment solely. The corresponding figure for L4–L5 and L4–L5–S1 was 70% and 53%, respectively.ConclusionsA high frequency of decisions was altered in this group of surgeons when using discography as an additional examination in patients where uncertainty remains in how to treat after clinical examination, questioning, and MRI.     

青年士兵盘源性下腰痛CT椎间盘造影与MRI表现的相关性

目的探讨CT椎间盘造影(CTD)诱发青年士兵盘源性下腰痛患者一致性疼痛与腰椎间盘MRI表现的相关性。方法对54例盘源性下腰痛青年士兵行MR检查后,共对152个腰椎间盘进行CTD,分析CTD分型、对比剂剂量、诱发一致性疼痛与MRI表现的相关性。结果青年士兵盘源性下腰痛患者椎间盘内破裂类型主要为CTDⅡ型和Ⅳ型,其分型、对比剂注射剂量与诱发一致性疼痛具有相关性(P0.01),腰椎间盘MRI表现与CTD诱发一致性疼痛存在明显相关性(P0.01)。结论 CTD能够定性诊断腰椎间盘内破裂,进一步确定责任椎间盘;MRI改变可能与青年士兵盘源性下腰痛的病因相关。     

Intradiscal methylene blue injection for the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain

This article was a preliminary report of prospective clinical trial of a group of patients with chronic discogenic low back pain who met the criteria for lumbar interbody fusion surgery but were treated instead with an intradiscal injection of methylene blue (MB) for the pain relief. Twenty-four patients with chronic discogenic low back pain underwent diagnostic discography with intradiscal injection of MB. The principal criteria to judge the effectiveness included alleviation of pain, assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), and improvement in disability, as assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functional recovery. The mean follow-up period was 18.2 months (range 12–23 months). Of the 24 patients, 21 (87%) reported a disappearance or marked alleviation of low back pain, and experienced a definite improvement in physical function. A statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in the changes in the ODI and the VAS scores were obtained in the patients with chronic discogenic low back pain (P=0.0001) after the treatment. The study suggests that the injection of MB into the painful disc may be a very effective alternative for the surgical treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain.