老年急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者早期肺康复模式研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一类具有高发病率、病程长及高死亡率的呼吸道疾病,其主要临床特征为持续气流受限和小气道损伤等,在老年人群中发病率为10%~15%[1-2]。过度劳累或严重感染会造成COPD患者病情恶化或出现急性加重,发展成急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)。老年AECOPD患者一般会呈现更为明显的气道炎症反应.     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并陈旧性肺结核患者抑郁相关因素调查研究

目的 探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)合并陈旧性肺结核患者抑郁相关影响因素.方法 对比分析老年COPD合并陈旧性肺结核120例、单纯COPD110例患者的一般资料,肺功能,血气分析结果,COPD Assessment Test (CAT)、...     

β_1受体阻断剂联合ACEI/ARB治疗高龄COPD合并慢性心衰疗效分析

正慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)为老年患者常见疾病,患者中20%~30%合并慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF),当二者合并存在时,可使患者骨骼肌加速萎缩以及左心室容积扩大,增加了老年患者的住院率和病死率[1]。如何改善这类患者的生活质量,更有效地进行治     

贫血对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者影响的研究进展

<正>慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种累及全身多个组织器官的慢性疾病,引起各种肺外效应,这些肺外合并症影响患者生活质量,增加COPD急性加重次数,严重影响预后,COPD的合并症一直是研究热点[1],慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球创议(Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease,GOLD)每年更新都会提到合     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病与继发性骨质疏松症的关系探讨

目的 观察老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者骨密度(BMD)、肺功能和血气分析的变化,探讨老年COPD与继发性骨质疏松症的关系.方法 用双能X线吸收测定仪测定32例老年男性COPD患者腰椎(L_(1-4))、股骨近端[颈部(Neck)、大粗隆(Troch)、合计(Total)]BMD,同时用肺功能仪测定肺功能,血气分析仪测量动脉血气分析,以及生化、血钙等检查.结果 COPD组的BMD值与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.001),COPD患者BMD与第1秒用力呼气容积占预计百分比呈显著正相关(P<0.001).结论 老年COPD组BMD低于对照组.COPD是继发性骨质疏松症的患病因素之一.老年COPD患者BMD检查能及早发现骨质疏松.低氧血症可能是老年COPD患者合并骨质疏松症的主要危险因素.     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断与治疗新进展

<正>慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)主要疾病特征为持续存在的呼吸系统症状与气流受限,是老年多发性呼吸系统疾病,且近些年由于社会老年化程度的不断加深,COPD的发生率也在不断攀升。2020年COPD的致死率位居全球死亡原因的第3位^[1-2]。我国流行病学研究显示≥40岁人群中COPD的发生率高达13.7%^[3]。国外一项针对人体肺健康和COPD的队列研究显示,相较早期未得到诊断的轻中度COPD患者,得到早期诊断、早期干预的COPD患者可能表现出肺组织功能逆转现象^[4]。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺癌临床特征及新理念

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种全身性的疾病,以不可逆的持续气流受限为主要临床特征,患病人数多,社会经济负担沉重,病死率高[1]。且COPD是肺癌发生发展的独立首位危险因素之一[2-3]。COPD是呼吸系统最常见的慢性炎症性疾病(chronic inflammation disease),在临床上也经常见到COPD合并肺癌的患者,以及大量的文献报道[2,4-16]。长期以来学者们将COPD和肺癌作为两个独立的疾病分     

综合干预对改善老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者生活质量的影响

慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)是指由于慢性气道阻塞引起通气功能障碍的一组疾病.主要包括慢性支气管炎和阻塞性肺气肿,是老年常见疾病,且随年龄增长而增多[1].本研究对127例老年COPD患者进行了综合护理干预的分组研究,探讨综合护理干预对老年COPD患者生活质量的干预效果.     

血清SAA、BNP诊断AECOPD并发肺心病心力衰竭的临床意义

<正>慢性肺心病(chronic pulmonary heart disease,CPHD)是呼吸系统的一种常见疾病,多继发于慢性支气管炎、肺气肿等阻塞性肺疾病,国内相关研究报道,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,COPD)约25%的患者最终发展成CPHD[1]。COPD合并CPHD患者常因急性感染以及病情进展     

获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病的研究进展

随着抗逆转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy,ART)的广泛推广,获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)已从一种致死性疾病转变为需要终身治疗的慢性传染病,目前AIDS患者生存期延长,预期寿命已接近一般人群。目前中国面临着一个庞大的AIDS群体,AIDS的疾病谱已由机会性感染逐渐转变为非AIDS相关性疾病,其中慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是AIDS人群中常见的肺部疾病[1]。人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染人群趋于老龄化,我国老年AIDS患者数量更是急剧上升,AIDS患者易患COPD,预后较差,病死率高,研究AIDS与COPD之间作用及影响具有重要意义[2]。本文就AIDS合并COPD的研究进展进行阐述。     

Periodontal disease and systemic disease

Periodontal diseases are now recognized as bacterial infections among the chronic diseases of humans. The influence of the oral environment on systemic health, especially the periodontium, has long been supported by scientific evidence. However, an evidence base for the influence of periodontal disease on vital organs such as heart, lung has only recently begun to be established. We are hopeful that this information will stimulate new collaborations between physicians and dentist and serve as basis for studies to help improve the total health.     

Lung disease in Niemann-Pick disease

BACKGROUND: Lung involvement in children with Niemann-Pick disease has rarely been studied systematically. OBJECTIVE: To assess the involvement of the lung and the value of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with Niemann-Pick diseases. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patient records. PATIENTS: Thirteen patients, with type A (n = 1), type B (n = 10), and type C (n = 2) Niemann-Pick disease, aged 2 months to 9 years at diagnosis, were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Lung involvement was assessed by clinical evaluation, chest radiograph, lung computed tomography (CT) scan, pulmonary function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis. RESULTS: Respiratory symptoms were present at diagnosis in 10 patients and developed during follow up in the three other patients. All patients showed signs of interstitial lung disease on chest X-ray and lung CT scan. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis (n = 7) revealed a marked accumulation of foamy macrophages (Niemann-Pick cells) in all patients. At follow up, one patient died of respiratory failure, five patients required long term oxygen therapy and seven other patients presented a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 6) or chronic cough (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Lung disease was observed in all the patients included in the present study. Bronchoalveolar lavage may be useful in Niemann-Pick diseases by showing the presence of characteristic Niemann-Pick cells.     

Buerger's disease and coronary disease

The authors report the case of a 33 year old man with distal occlusive arterial disease diagnosed as Buerger's disease, with two previous transient ischaemic attacks and coronary disease resulting in myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed narrowing of the second segment of the left anterior descending artery, occluded distally and not suitable for revascularisation. The observation of coronary artery disease is very rare in Buerger's disease and data of coronary angiography are very sparse in this context. The occurrence of myocardial infarction and the angiographic appearances of the left anterior descending artery raise the question of coronary involvement of Buerger's disease.     

Hepatobiliary disease in inflammatory bowel disease

Many hepatobiliary diseases are seen in IBD. PSC is the most common, occurring in 7.5% of patients with UC. The cause of PSC is not well understood, but PSC seems to be associated with genetic susceptibility, sharing some immunologic abnormalities with UC. A characteristic cholangiogram in a patient with abnormal liver function tests usually establishes the diagnosis. Liver biopsy is not essential but can help make the diagnosis of small duct PSC in patients with a normal cholangiogram. There are no medications that treat PSC effectively. Endoscopic dilation of dominant strictures reduces the frequency of cholangitis and may improve survival. OLT remains the only proven treatment of advanced PSC. Cholangiocarcinoma is a feared complication of PSC that is difficult to diagnose. Cholelithiasis, PBC, portal vein thrombosis, and hepatic abscess are hepatobiliary disorders that occur less frequently in IBD patients.     

Joint disease in inflammatory bowel disease

The joint disorders taxonomically included in the group of seronegative spondyloarthropathies under the generic name of enteropathic arthropathy represent the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affecting 33% of patients. Their frequency is similar to that of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Enteropathic arthropathy consists of two main joint alterations, peripheral and axial arthritis, as well as a variable group of other peri-articular disorders. Type 1, or pauciarticular, peripheral arthritis generally coincides with IBD exacerbations, while type 2, or polyarticular, peripheral arthritis follows an independent course from IBD. Axial involvement precedes and follows an independent course from IBD and can behave as ankylosing spondylitis or asymptomatic sacroiliitis. The treatment of these rheumatologic disorders is based on the application of general measures and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; intraarticular corticosteroid administration may eventually become necessary. Sulphasalazine and/or infliximab, which are indicated when the previously mentioned measures fail, can be used to treat both the articular and intestinal diseases simultaneously.     

冠状动脉硬化性心脏病和老年性痴呆

弄清冠状动脉硬化性心脏病是否与老年性痴呆有关联,有助于老年性痴呆的防治。我们从共同的危险因素载脂蛋白E4基因型以及二者的临床、病理的相关性方面,综述了冠状动脉硬化性心脏病与老年性痴呆的关系。其机制有待进一步研究。     

Borna病病毒及Borna病

20 0多年前 ,Ｂｏｒｎａ病 (ＢｏｒｎａｄｉｓｅａｓｅＢＤ)首先被描述为发生在德国东南部的一种马致死性神经疾病。 1885年 ,该病在德国Ｓａｘｏｎｙ州的Ｂｏｒｎａ镇周围流行而导致大批的马匹死亡 ,因而本病即以该镇命名〔1〕。研究表明 ,该病是一种以行为异常、脑实质和脑膜     

Adult-onset Still's disease preceding Crohn's disease

Concomitant diagnosis of Crohn's disease and juvenile or adult-onset idiopathic arthritis is rare. It is possible that both conditions share some genetic or immunological defects although sufficient data are lacking.We describe herein the first case of a patient with adult-onset Still's disease who was diagnosed on follow up with concomitant Crohn's disease.A 38-year-old man diagnosed with adult onset Still's disease from the age of 24 was admitted in our hospital because of bloody diarrhea. On admission physical examination was unremarkable and all routine laboratory tests were normal except of Hg at 11.3 gr/dl, erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 27 mm/h and C-reactive protein at 14 mg/dl.Ileocolonoscopy revealed small aphthoid ulcers in the terminal ileum and capsule endoscopy revealed the source of bleeding and small aphthoid ulcers starting from the distal jejunum up to the terminal ileum. Terminal ileum biopsies were diagnostic of Crohn's disease and patient had started on therapy with mesalamine 2 gr/day and azathioprine 2 mg/kg and is currently on multidisciplinary follow up.We review all literature on co-existence of Crohn's disease with chronic idiopathic arthritis and we discuss the possible difficulties in diagnosis and therapy of those patients also in the view of the new biological agents.