肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在膀胱癌免疫治疗中的研究进展

膀胱癌是常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤之一,具有较高的发病率和病死率,膀胱癌的传统治疗方式多样,包括外科手术、化疗、放疗等,但患者的总体生存期并未得到明显改善,近年来免疫治疗的出现给膀胱癌的治疗带来了新的方向。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）作为肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的重要组成部分,在膀胱癌发生、发展、转移等过程中具有重要作用,同时也影响着膀胱癌免疫治疗效果。本文介绍了TAM在膀胱癌免疫治疗中的研究进展,并对以TAM为免疫靶点的潜在治疗方案进行展望。     

肿瘤微环境中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与上皮间质化“对话”的研究进展

肿瘤微环境决定了许多癌症的发生和发展。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞是肿瘤微环境中协调炎症和癌症之间的关键因子。上皮间质化的激活通常需要肿瘤细胞与局部肿瘤微环境组分（包括肿瘤相关巨噬细胞）之间的“对话”。在本篇综述中,临床和实验证据证明肿瘤相关巨噬细胞促进肿瘤侵袭和转移以及它在肿瘤转移级联反应中与上皮间质化的相互作用。此外,本文总结了以介入肿瘤相关巨噬细胞和上皮间质化的肿瘤细胞“对话”的信号通路作为肿瘤转移治疗的潜在靶点的治疗策略。     

结肠癌中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的作用及靶向治疗的研究进展

结肠癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤,结肠癌的治疗和预后与多种因素有关。巨噬细胞是组织稳态和肿瘤微环境的关键调节剂,肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)与肿瘤发展、预后不良密切相关。TAM在结肠癌的发生、转移、耐药中起到了推动作用。临床上通过加强抗肿瘤免疫应答提高靶向治疗疗效,对重塑肿瘤微环境、提高肿瘤的治疗效果具有重要意义。故本文对结肠癌中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的作用及靶向治疗情况进行具体的综述。     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的极化与肿瘤的发展

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）在肿瘤微环境中扮演重要角色,它包含了两种可以相互极化的亚型:M1型(经典活化巨噬细胞)和M2型（替代活化巨噬细胞）。M1型TAM发挥着抑制肿瘤生长的作用,而M2型TAM对肿瘤的发生发展起促进支持作用。在特定的肿瘤微环境中,M2型TAM占据主导地位,促进肿瘤的发展。基于肿瘤相关巨噬细胞两种亚型的功能特点,如何诱导M2型向M1型极化是目前的研究热点,也将是肿瘤治疗的一个重要靶点。     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在肿瘤微环境中的作用新进展

众所周知,在肿瘤发生发展的各个阶段都有单核细胞通过血管壁进入肿瘤组织,这些单核细胞可分化形成具有独特表型的巨噬细胞,即肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs）。TAMs是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分,参与了肿瘤的发生、生长、侵袭及转移过程,其中,向肿瘤组织的转移是肿瘤恶性发展的关键步骤。本文将TAMs在肿瘤微环境形成中发挥作用的最新进展进行了总结,特别值得注意的是,细胞及动物实验研究表明,TAMs可为肿瘤的发生发展进程提供一个有利的微环境;同时,临床病理实验表明,TAMs在肿瘤内的累积与较差的临床疗效相关。最后,本文讨论了靶向TAMs的治疗手段作为一种间接癌症治疗新方法的可行性。     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在上皮间质转化中的作用

0 引言 肿瘤的发生、发展过程往往伴随着上皮间质转化.而肿瘤相关巨噬细胞通过分泌特殊的生长因子和蛋白酶类等激活信号转导通路,改变肿瘤微环境,诱导上皮间质转化,促进肿瘤细胞生长和侵袭,最终影响患者的预后.本文将综述肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在上皮间质转化中的作用. 1概述 1.1 肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)由一系列的居住细胞如成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、造血细胞和免疫细胞组成.在这个复杂的肿瘤微环境中,免疫细胞在肿瘤的进展中扮演了非常重要的角色,其中巨噬细胞是最主要的免疫群体之一,被称为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor associated macrophage,TAM).     

TAMs为靶点的抗肿瘤治疗研究进展

肿瘤微环境与肿瘤细胞通过分子和细胞间的相互作用,在肿瘤的发生发展和转移扩散中具有重要意义。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）作为肿瘤微环境中数量最多的炎症细胞群之一,在肿瘤进展中起到重要作用。肿瘤细胞通过释放多种趋化因子、细胞因子和生长因子招募巨噬细胞,并使其向M2型巨噬细胞类似的特性发展。同时,巨噬细胞释放多种因子,促进肿瘤细胞的生长、血管新生、迁移、侵袭、侵入血管并最终形成远处转移。TAMs在肿瘤组织中的密度与肿瘤患者治疗失败和不良预后密切相关,以TAMs为靶点的抗肿瘤治疗相关研究近年来取得重大进展。在肿瘤发生发展中根据TAMs的作用机制,以TAMs为靶点的抗肿瘤治疗策略是抑制肿瘤微环境中巨噬细胞招募、TAMs生存能力、TAMs表型即由M2型转化为M1型的重塑。本文就TAMs为靶点的抗肿瘤治疗最新进展进行综述。      

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞对恶性肿瘤临床预后和治疗的影响

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)作为肿瘤微环境中(tumor microenvi-ronment,TME)的核心调控者在肿瘤的发生发展中具有重要作用.活化的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞可分化出具有不同活化状态和功能的M1型和M2型,M1型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞主要介导抗肿瘤免疫效应,...     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在胃癌中的作用

巨噬细胞广泛参与固有免疫及适应性免疫,其表型和功能具有很大可塑性,在不同微环境中巨噬细胞可分化为经典活化（M1表型）和替代活化（M2表型）,其中M2表型有免疫调节作用,参与诱导Th2反应。肿瘤微环境浸润的巨噬细胞即肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）多具M2表型,能促进肿瘤新生血管生成、肿瘤侵袭和转移。由此可见,TAMs对胃癌的发生发展具有重要的免疫调节作用,本文就此进行综述。      

肺癌免疫微环境中的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞

随着对肿瘤免疫发生和免疫耐受认识的不断深入,肺癌免疫治疗成为研究的热点.肿瘤免疫微环境在肺癌的发生、发展、转移过程中起着重要作用.肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)是肺癌免疫微环境中白细胞的主要成分之一,TAM和肺癌的关系随着研究的深入而逐渐明确,TAM作为肺癌免疫治疗新的靶点成为可能.     

顺铂诱导铁死亡促进肿瘤相关巨噬细胞极化抑制宫颈癌细胞耐药性北大核心

目的:探究顺铂通过引起宫颈癌细胞铁死亡进而诱导肿瘤相关巨噬细胞极化从而抑制宫颈癌细胞耐药性的机制。方法:使用5μmol/L顺铂处理顺铂耐药宫颈癌细胞Hela/R一定时间后,采用qRT-PCR法检测铁死亡相关基因的mRNA表达变化情况;使用ELISA试剂盒和荧光染色法测定铁死亡后的Hela/R细胞释放高迁移率族蛋白1(high mobility group box 1,HMGB1)的情况。将顺铂处理过的Hela/R细胞和M2型小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞共培养一定时间后,采用流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞激活情况。将共培养后的巨噬细胞和Hela/R细胞共孵育,采用CCK8法和流式细胞术分别检测肿瘤细胞的存活率和凋亡情况。结果:实验数据显示,顺铂可引起Hela/R细胞的铁死亡,抑制其铁死亡抑制基因Slc40a1、Slc7a11、Slc3a2、Gpx4、Fth1、Blvrb的mRNA表达(P<0.05),上调铁死亡诱发基因Slc5a1、Tfrc的mRNA表达(P<0.01)。铁死亡Hela/R细胞释放损伤相关模式分子HMGB1,诱导M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的CD80、CD86和CD40平均荧光强度提升,增强了肿瘤相关巨噬细胞对Hela/R细胞的杀伤能力。结论:顺铂通过引起宫颈癌细胞的铁死亡激活肿瘤相关巨噬细胞进而达到有效杀伤肿瘤细胞的效果。     

甲状腺癌肿瘤相关巨噬细胞研究现状

目的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophage,TAM)是肿瘤微环境中最重要的组成部分,TAM主要为M2表型,与多种肿瘤的不良预后有密切关系。本研究从TAM在甲状腺癌中的募集、分化、发生发展、临床意义和靶向治疗等方面进行综述。方法检索Medline及CNKI期刊全文检索系统,以"肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、甲状腺癌"等为关键词,检索2008-12—2018-01相关文献,共检索到英文文献147条,中文文献51条。纳入标准:肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与甲状腺癌的相关科学研究。剔除标准:(1)研究机制阐述模糊;(2)研究年代久远;(3)重复性文献。符合纳入及排除标准的文献总共46篇。结果甲状腺癌通过释放许多趋化因子/细胞因子来募集并活化肿瘤相关巨噬细胞。甲状腺癌的分化程度越差,分期越晚,其组织中浸润的TAM越多。TAM通过不同的机制促进甲状腺癌的生长及淋巴结转移。此外,TAM还可以作为生物标志物有助于区分甲状腺癌良恶性结节。TAM的靶向治疗可以有效抑制甲状腺癌细胞的生长与分化。结论TAM与甲状腺癌的发生、发展有关,TAM可以作为甲状腺癌诊断、预后的评估指标和治疗的新靶点。期待更多靶向TAM的治疗,以丰富甲状腺癌的治疗手段。     

结直肠癌肿瘤微环境中M1型巨噬细胞的研究进展

结直肠癌的肿瘤微环境中存在多种类型免疫细胞,其中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞作为重要组成成分,可极化成M1、M2两种不同亚型。M1型巨噬细胞在肿瘤发展过程中主要发挥抑癌作用,M2型巨噬细胞则起促癌作用。高微卫星不稳定（high microsatellite instability,MSI-H）结直肠癌肿瘤微环境中M1型巨噬细胞明显高于微卫星稳定（microsatellite stabilization,MSS）结直肠癌,免疫治疗效果较好。本文主要就M1型巨噬细胞在结直肠癌中的研究进展进行综述,以期为MSI-H结直肠癌免疫治疗提供能多的理论依据和新思路。     

Glycolysis regulation in tumor-associated macrophages: Its role in tumor development and cancer treatment

Tumor-associated macrophages constitute the main cell population in the tumor microenvironment and play a crucial role in regulating the microenvironment composition. Emerging evidence has revealed that the metabolic profile determines the tumor-associated macrophage phenotype. Tumor-associated macrophage function is highly dependent on glucose metabolism, with glycolysis being the major metabolic pathway. Recent reports have demonstrated diversity in glucose flux of tumor-associated macrophages and complex substance communication with cancer cells. However, how the glucose flux in tumor-associated macrophages connects with glycolysis to influence tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment is still obscure. Moreover, while the development of single-cell sequencing technology allows a clearer and more accurate classification of tumor-associated macrophages, the metabolic profiles of tumor-associated macrophages from the perspective of single-cell omics has not been well summarized. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on glucose metabolism in tumor-associated macrophages and summarize the metabolic profiles of different tumor-associated macrophage subtypes from the perspective of single-cell omics. Additionally, we describe the current strategies targeting glycolysis in tumor-associated macrophages for cancer therapy.     

Progression of NETs Correlating with Tumor-Related Diseases

As an important component of innate immune system, neutrophil has been involved in many other physiological processes, including tumor-related diseases. In 2004, the phenomenon of NETs was reported for the first time. Extracellular decondensed chromatin, released from activated neutrophils, forms a network structure, which is NETs. This review focuses on the function of NETs in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor-associated thrombosis; it also explores the application of NETs specific markers in the diagnosis of pre-thrombotic state and tumor associated diseases; it also explores NETs inhibitor for the treatment of tumor-related diseases. In view of the rapid development of NETs, it may provide new therapeutic targets for tumor-associated thrombosis, and even tumor itself.     

结直肠癌免疫微环境中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的作用

结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）的发生、发展不仅与肿瘤细胞本身的特性相关,也与肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment,TME）密切相关。肿瘤细胞及其微环境通过分泌多种细胞因子,将循环血液中的单核细胞招募至TME并使其极化为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs）。作为TME中最丰富的免疫细胞之一,TAMs的功能和特点与M2型巨噬细胞相似,TAMs主要具有刺激肿瘤细胞增殖、血管生成、基质重塑和促进肿瘤细胞侵袭及转移等作用。在多数肿瘤中,TAMs主要发挥促肿瘤作用并与患者的不良预后相关;但在CRC中,TAMs的作用仍存争议。本文主要就CRC免疫微环境中TAMs的作用及其机制进行综述,以展示TAMs对CRC患者的病程进展及预后的影响并探讨TAMs作为CRC免疫治疗靶点的可行性。      

Fes tyrosine kinase expression in the tumor niche correlates with enhanced tumor growth, angiogenesis, circulating tumor cells, metastasis, and infiltrating macrophages

Fes is a protein tyrosine kinase with cell autonomous oncogenic activities that are well established in cell culture and animal models, but its involvement in human cancer has been unclear. Abundant expression of Fes in vascular endothelial cells and myeloid cell lineages prompted us to explore roles for Fes in the tumor microenvironment. In an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer, we found that loss of Fes in the host correlated with reductions in engrafted tumor growth rates, metastasis, and circulating tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment in Fes-deficient mice also showed reduced vascularity and fewer macrophages. In co-culture with tumor cells, Fes-deficient macrophages also poorly promoted tumor cell invasive behavior. Taken together, our observations argue that Fes inhibition might provide therapeutic benefits in breast cancer, in part by attenuating tumor-associated angiogenesis and the metastasis-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages.     

Regulation of cancer stem cell activities by tumor-associated macrophages

Recent studies revealed that tumor-associated macrophages play a decisive role in the regulation of tumor progression by manipulating tumor oncogenesis, angiogenesis and immune functions within tumor microenvironments. However, the role of cancer stem cells in the tumorigenic activities of tumor-associated macrophages during the course of transformation and treatment remains largely unknown. Recent studies have clarified the functional aspects of tumor-associated macrophages in the regulation of the tumorigenic activities and anticancer drug responsiveness of cancer stem cells through complex networks formed by distinct sets of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. In this article we discuss recent advances and future perspectives regarding the molecular interplay between cancer stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages and provide future perspective about the therapeutic implication against treatment-resistant variants of cancer.     

Tumor-associated macrophages press the angiogenic switch in breast cancer

The development of a supportive vasculature is essential for tumor progression. In a mouse model of breast cancer, we found that tumor-associated macrophages that are recruited to the tumor just before malignant conversion are essential for the angiogenic switch. These findings establish a causal linkage to explain well-documented clinical correlations between macrophages, microvessel density, and poor prognosis in breast tumors.