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‘Asking’ but Not ‘Screening’: Assessing Physicians’ and Nurses’ Substance-Related Clinical Behaviors
Jon Agley Joan M. Carlson Angela M. McNelis Ruth A. Gassman Rhonda Schwindt David Crabb 《Substance use & misuse》2018,53(11):1834-1839
Background: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a promising public health approach for problematic substance use. A core component of SBIRT is the use of formal screening tools to categorize a patient's likely level of risk in order to provide an appropriately-matched service. Training in formal screening is included in many SBIRT training programs, but infrequently is emphasized. Objectives: To assess pre-training levels of SBIRT-related clinical behaviors, including screening, this study examined a secondary dataset collected from internal medicine residents and graduate nurse practitioner students. Methods: Learners (n = 117) completed 13 self-report items assessing use of SBIRT-related behaviors. Researchers used exploratory factor analysis to identify underlying concepts in the questionnaire, then used mixed ANOVA to compare mean frequency of utilization of each factor (asking, screening, and intervening) by academic program. Results: Learners reported asking about substance use frequently, intervening some of the time, and infrequently using formal screening tools. Interaction and between-academic-program effects were significant but small. Conclusions: Prior to SBIRT training, most clinical practitioners reported asking patients about substance use, but few reported regularly using formal substance use screening tools. This may have implications for the importance of SBIRT training as part of curricular work, and for the internal content foci of SBIRT curricula. 相似文献
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Background
It is essential that pharmacies and prescribers have an overview of each patient’s medication in order to prevent drug interactions, unintentional co-prescribing, unnecessary polypharmacy and underprescribing. We have assessed this overview by measuring the ‘fidelity coefficient’, a measure of the extent to which a drug user has a preference for one prescriber or one pharmacy. 相似文献5.
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Smith BP 《The AAPS journal》2005,7(3):E655-E658
Statistical inference involves taking the results of models and knowledge about probability to make decisions about the relationship in question. This commentary explains the usefulness of statistical inference to the drug development process, as well as some common pitfalls. It also examines reasons why statistical inference does not seem to be fully integrated into pharmacometric modeling. An example is shown that demonstrates the inferential advantages of mechanistic models. Both statisticians and pharmacometricians ought to take note of these advantages and integrate their efforts in order to maximize the decision-making potential of clinical research. 相似文献
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Marwa Noureldin Matthew M. Murawski Holly L. Mason Gerald C. Hyner Kimberly S. Plake 《Journal of the American Pharmacists Association》2017,57(2):170-177.e1
Objectives
1) To explore the association between family caregivers’ involvement in managing care recipients’ medications and their information-seeking behavior related to caregiving; and 2) to examine the sources used by caregivers when seeking information.Methods
A retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from 2 national studies, the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and its supplement, the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC), was conducted. A nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults (≥65 years of age) completed NHATS interviews, and a sample of their family caregivers participated in NSOC. Caregiver involvement in medication management was assessed with the use of 2 items asking caregivers if they helped keep track of care recipients’ medications or helped with injecting medications. Information seeking was assessed with the use of an item asking caregivers if they ever looked for caregiving-related information.Results
Out of 1367 caregivers interviewed, 54% reported helping to keep track of care recipients’ medications and 8.7% assisting with injecting medications. Approximately 10.2% (n = 149) of caregivers reported seeking information to help them care for their care recipients. Caregivers sought information primarily on their own either through online resources or asking friends or relatives (73.3%). Sixty-four percent also sought information from medical providers or social workers. Adult children of caregivers were more likely to seek information for their older adult parents, based on bivariate analysis (P <0.01). In multivariable-adjusted models, caregivers who helped to keep track of medications had 2.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18 to 4.51) times higher odds of seeking information to help them to provide care for their care recipients. Caregivers helping with injecting medications were less likely to seek information (odds ratio 0.32, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.76).Conclusion
Specific caregiver responsibilities, such as assisting with medication management activities, are associated with caregivers’ information-seeking behavior related to care recipients’ health. Health care providers, including pharmacists, can play an important role in helping caregivers to identify proper resources for information and in educating them about medication management. 相似文献9.
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