缺血性脑梗死患者的颈动脉粥样硬化双源CT血管造影分析

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质和成分、斑块发生部位、动脉管腔狭窄程度与缺血性脑梗死的关系.资料与方法 回顾性分析164例临床诊断并经CT或MRI证实的缺血性脑梗死患者资料.164例均行双源CT血管造影检查.对颈动脉颅外段及颅内段较大分支进行评价,重点分析颈动脉粥样斑块的件质和成分、斑块好发部位以及造成颈动脉管腔的狭窄程度等,并与138例对照组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出情况进行比较.结果 164例中,颈动脉颅外段斑块137例(占83.5%),其中颈动脉分叉处斑块好发(97/137,70.8%).颈动脉单纯斑块75例,其中非钙化性斑块(含多发)26例,占15.9%,钙化斑块(含多发)49例,占29.9%;颈动脉混合性斑块89例,占54.2%.72例颈动脉管腔中一重度狭窄患者中,52例(占72.2%)伴发同侧脑梗死;12例颈动脉闭塞患者中,11例(占91.7%)伴发同侧脑梗死.颈动脉粥样硬化斑块成分和检出数量与脑梗死有明显的相关性(P<0.005).结论 缺血性脑梗死与颈动脉粥样斑块的性质和成分、斑块的数量、斑块的发生部位及管腔的狭窄程度密切相关;双源CT血管造影可作为缺血性脑梗死病因的检查方法之一.     

颈动脉MR高分辨成像:变性斑块的MR表现及其病理基础

目的 应用3.0 T MR高分辨成像在体显示颈动脉粥样斑块,探讨斑块变性的MRI表现及其病理基础.资料与方法 经彩超证实的症状性颈动脉狭窄37例,均行管壁高分辨MRI.包括三维时间飞跃法(3DTOF)、双翻转脉冲(DIR)T1WI、T2WI及质子密度加权成像(PDWI).其中,22例检查前1周内行CT血管造影,9例检查后1周内行颈动脉内膜剥脱术,5例1周内置颈动脉支架.根据颈动脉内膜剥脱术的部位,将获得的病理标本与MR图像逐层对照,分析斑块钙化、出血和脂质坏死池的MRI表现,探讨斑块变性的MRI表现及其病理基础.结果 37例共发现52支颈动脉分叉处斑块,斑块钙化21支(40.4%),无钙化斑块31支(59.6%).31支软斑块中,纤维成分为主斑块8支(15.6%),有明显脂质核心斑块23支(44.2%);伴斑块出血5支(9.6%),脂质坏死核心3支(5.8%),"纤维帽"撕裂(溃疡或"纤维帽"撕裂)3支(5.8%).相对于胸锁乳突肌,脂质坏死池在TOF、T1WI、PDWI、T2WI均呈显著高信号,钙化在各序列均呈低信号.斑块内出血的信号与出血的时间有关,新鲜出血各序列表现为点、结节或片状高信号,亚急性出血或者陈旧性出血的信号与出血时间的长短有关.结论 斑块变性包括脂核坏死、出血和钙化,脂质坏死池和出血提示斑块处于高风险状态,而钙化提示斑块稳定.斑块不同变性的信号不同,MR高分辨成像可显示这些变性,为斑块风险预防和治疗提供参考.     

CT与MRI对颈动脉狭窄和粥样硬化斑块特征的评估价值

目的 探讨CT和MRI评估颈动脉狭窄和粥样硬化斑块性质的效果。方法 选取我院确诊为缺血性脑血管病的患者108例,采用CT和MRI检查,观察两种检查方式对颈动脉狭窄和粥样硬化斑块性质的评估价值。结果 两种影像学检查方法图像质量对比差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。两种检查方式在血管狭窄程度和斑块内钙化的检查中差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);但MRI对斑块内出血的检出率明显高于CT(P <0.05)。结论 CT和MRI均能有效判断颈动脉病变和颈动脉的狭窄程度,但MRI对粥样硬化斑块的评估更全面检查。     

高分辨力MRI对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性评估的价值

目的 :探讨高分辨力MRI对动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性评估的价值。方法 :选择28例经颈动脉超声诊断为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者行斑块高分辨力MRI检查,观察颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的成分。结果:28例17个不稳定性斑块和15个稳定性斑块中,高分辨力MRI显示钙化、脂质核心、纤维帽、斑块内出血及纤维斑块差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高分辨力MRI对斑块成分及稳定性判定有重要价值。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的高分辨MRI研究近况

颈动脉位置表浅,可作为反映全身动脉粥样硬化情况的窗口。颈动脉粥样硬化与脑卒中密切相关,约23%的缺血性脑卒中是由颈动脉粥样硬化引起的[1],其中颈动脉不稳定粥样硬化斑块或“脆弱斑块”(vu lnerab le p laque)的破裂、脱落是致病的主要形式。G lagov等[2]发现,由于血管壁外界的代偿性扩张,即使粥样硬化斑块的容积有较大增加,管腔的截面积仍可以长时间保持不变。除非这种变化已经积累到相当程度,否则单纯测量狭窄程度有时不能检出动脉粥样硬化性病变。因此,在了解颈动脉狭窄程度的同时,更应该关注粥样硬化斑块形态学及其成分的变化。高分…     

64层CT评价冠脉粥样斑块性质与狭窄程度的相关性

目的：探讨64层CT评价冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块性质与冠脉狭窄程度之间的相关性。方法：36例疑诊为冠心病患者行64层冠状动脉CT血管成像（CCTA）及冠状动脉血管造影（CAG）检查,以CAG为标准评价CCTA诊断冠脉狭窄程度的准确性,并诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块性质,分析其与经CAG确诊的冠脉狭窄程度之间有无统计学意义。结果：36例患者中共检出105个斑块。冠脉轻度狭窄以钙化斑块引起为主,冠脉中度狭窄和重度狭窄以混合斑块引起为主。CCTA诊断冠状动脉钙化斑块与管腔轻度狭窄、混合斑块与中重度管腔狭窄存在相关性。结论：64层CCTA可在诊断冠脉狭窄的同时无创性评价斑块性质,可及时发现冠脉中脂质成分丰富的斑块,以便尽早及时给予临床干预,可降低急性冠脉综合征发生率。     

MRI与DSA对颈动脉狭窄和粥样硬化斑块评估能力的比较

目的 探讨MRI与DSA对颈动脉粥样硬化患者血管狭窄及粥样硬化斑块病变特点评估能力的差异.方法 46例缺血性脑血管疾病患者,超声发现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块后分别行颈动脉MRI及DSA检查.颈动脉MR检查序列包括三维时间飞跃法(3D TOF)、T1WI、T2WI、质子密度加权成像( PDWI)及增强T1WI;颈动脉DSA检查分别摄取颈动脉的正位像和侧位像.观察颈动脉分叉处管腔的狭窄程度和斑块的病变特征,包括纤维帽的状况、斑块内出血和钙化.计算Kappa值分析MRI和DSA对血管狭窄程度判断结果的一致性;应用配对卡方检验检测两种方法对溃疡斑块的检出差异.结果 89支血管的MR图像质量均满足诊断要求.MRI显示血管狭窄程度的M(范围)为50％(16％～78％),DSA显示为47％(7％～73％),二者具有很好的一致性(Kappa值为0.882,P＜0.01).MRI发现34支血管具有斑块纤维帽破溃,DSA发现10支血管具有溃疡斑块(x2=20.346,P＜0.01).此外,MRI发现37支血管有斑块内出血,71支血管有斑块内钙化,而DSA均不能显示.结论 MRI可以准确判断颈动脉的狭窄程度,在显示溃疡斑块、斑块内出血以及钙化方面较DSA更具优势.     

MSCT评价冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块成分与血管重构

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的成分是决定其稳定性的主要因素,而斑块的稳定性与急性冠状动脉事件的发生率直接相关.多层螺旋CT(MSCT)不但能够发现粥样硬化斑块,而且能通过斑块CT值的测量,对其主要成分和类型进行评估,是一种可无创性评估冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的有效方法.     

PET/CT偶发颈动脉斑块的18 F-FDG摄取对缺血性脑卒中复发的预测价值

目的 探讨PET/CT偶发颈动脉斑块的18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)摄取对缺血性脑卒中早期复发的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析因非颈动脉粥样硬化性疾病行18F-FDG PET/CT检查、偶发颈动脉斑块,并行头颈CTA检查的97例缺血性脑卒中患者的临床及影像学资料,随访1年并记录其缺血性脑卒中复发事件.应用Cox比...     

双能量CT去除颅骨和硬化斑块定量分析钙化颈动脉狭窄的应用及与数字减影血管造影的对照性研究

本研究对双能（DE）CTA和双能去除颅骨和硬化斑块（DE硬化斑块去除）定量钙化性颈动脉狭窄进行了评价,并将其结果与数字减影血管造影（DSA）结果进行了对照。18条有致密钙化的狭窄颈动脉血管（13例）接受了双源CT的双能量模式（管电压140kV和80kV）检查。采用商用软件从双能量影像上去除颅骨和硬化斑块。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.