Reduction of cold-influenza absenteeism in a factory

Summary The Foundry of one of the largest factories of Hungary was the second section in which we succeeded in reducing the number of lost working days resulting from common cold and influenza, partly by restoring obstructed nasal breathing in the case of common cold and influenza and partly by screening and eliminating chronic pathological processes that often develop a predisposition for acute diseases.     

某煤气公司工人皮肤损害的调查研究

８７０名受检工人中有２９２人患皮肤病，患病率为３３．６％。其中职业性痤疮及皮肤黑变病各一例，寻常性痤疮１１７例，皮肤色素沉着６０例，皮炎、湿疹２３例，其它皮肤病９０例。虽然环境对有些皮肤病的影响不能忽视，但由于工人工龄较短，不好考虑其与职业的关系，建议今后定期对工人进行体检，密切注视皮肤病的发病情况。     

Developmental trends in work absenteeism of adolescents

An extreme negative development in the frequency of adolescent's exemptions from work during 1967-1977 is opposed by a positive development in the following period. Thus, in 1987 adolescents reached the lowest recorded level in respect to illness-caused absentee rates, related to the 1967 level. Therefore, decreases of sickness figures almost exclusively resulted from changes in the younger age groups, especially in adolescents. In the other age groups work absenteeism due to sickness not only remained at the high 1976 level, the year with the highest sickness figure in the GDR, but continuously exceeded it. The results are critically discussed.     

某稀土生产厂放射卫生学初步调查

为保障稀土作业人员及公众的健康与安全，用BH3103型便携式Xγ剂量仪测定场所设备γ照射蟀，JF－2207α、β表面沾污仪测定总α、β污染控制水平，压滤机照射率平均值超过标准6．4倍，几条稀土化合物分离生产线设备局部位置照射量率超标，所测总α、总β均未超过控制水平，稀土生产应按放射性工作进行管理。     

Cost-consciousness among Swiss doctors: a cross-sectional survey

Background  

Knowing what influences physicians attitudes toward health care costs is an important matter, because most health care expenditures are the results of doctors' decisions. Many decisions regarding medical tests and treatments are influenced by factors other than the expected benefit to the patient, including the doctor's demographic characteristics and concerns about cost and income.     

A population survey of bowel habits in urban Swiss men

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptomsrelated to constipation in urban Swiss men and to identify associatedsociodemographic factors and health habits. A sample of 773men aged between 35 and 74 years randomly selected from theGeneva population answered a questionnaire on bowel habits duringa personal interview in a mobile epidemiological unit. ‘Constipation’was reported by more than 6% of subjects, difficulties in stoolevacuation by approximately 5% and less than three stools perweek by approximately 2%. These symptoms appeared less prevalentin subjects with post-baccalaureate education (the excess prevalenceof self-reported constipation, difficulty in stool evacuationand frequent daily defecation was greater than 5%). Smokerswere more likely to have a frequency of 3–7 stools perweek and were less affected by frequent daily defecation. Self-reportedconstipation was more prevalent in subjects with a higher dietaryfibre intake. No statistically significant effects of age, nationality,dietary fat or physical activity were observed. These resultsare consistent with national surveys in US populations. Factorsrelated to socioeconomic status or education may be a causeof constipation in men, but they still need to be elucidated.     

The work process and occupational health risks in a cement factory

The authors evaluate the work process and its effect on workers' health in a cement factory in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The interactive methodology consisted of different approaches to assessing the workplace through the incorporation of various institutions working in the field of Workers' Health, professionals from different backgrounds, and the trade union, valorizing the workers' experience and actively contributing to the surveillance process under the Unified National Health System (SUS). Levels of particulate matter and noise were measured. The mean level of free crystalline silica in the particulate matter was 2%, resulting in a tolerance limit as specified under Brazilian legislation (NR-15), or 2.0mg/m3. The concentration of particles both in samples collected in the workers' respiratory zone and in area samples varied from 3.59 to 52.44mg/m3. Noise varied from 83dB to 110dB. The majority of the values were higher than the maximum limits set by Brazilian legislation. These results, together with the opinions expressed by the workers themselves, showed an unhealthy workplace and work process, placing the workers' health at risk.     

呼兰亚麻厂劳动卫生学调查

麻尘是一种有机粉尘。长期接触麻尘的工人,都有程度不同的症状和体征。如表皮上呼吸道的刺激症状、肺的炎性改变等。为此我们对呼兰亚麻纺织厂从事亚麻作业进行了劳动卫生学调查,其结果如下。1 一般情况 该厂现有职工1 670人,生产工人1 580人,接尘工厂1 500人。我们按生产车间选择有代表性的采样点,测定工作呼吸带高度空气中的粉尘浓度和分散度。同时用焦磷酸法测定粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量。见表1。     

Disease-related changes in work absenteeism of adolescents from 1967 to 1987

The negative development of sickness figures up to 1976/77 as well as the subsequent change of this trend in adolescents are analysed with regard to specific diagnoses. Both, the positive trend change and remaining problems are presented.