快速康复训练在全镜下LARS韧带增强修复治疗慢性踝关节不稳效果研究

目的 探讨快速康复训练对全镜下LARS韧带增强修复治疗慢性踝关节不稳患者的临床效果.方法 选取自2017年11月至2019年10月行全镜下LARS韧带增强修复的36例慢性踝关节不稳者为研究对象,术后随机选取18例为快速康复组,18例为常规康复组,分别进行快速康复训练和常规康复训练.分析各组术后3、6、12个月随访的美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分和Tegner运动功能评分.结果 术后3个月所有患者均无持续性疼痛症状,快速康复组与常规康复组的AOFAS踝-后足评分、Tegner运动功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 快速康复训练在全镜下LARS韧带增强修复治疗慢性踝关节不稳术后应用具有可行性及有效性,快速康复训练可在术后较早地恢复正常生活、工作及体育活动,获得较好的肌力及本体感觉,有利于踝关节功能恢复.     

踝关节镜下距腓前韧带结合跟腓韧带重建治疗慢性踝关节不稳的疗效观察

目的 探讨慢性踝关节不稳(CAI)应用踝关节镜下距腓前韧带(ATFL)结合跟腓韧带(CFL)重建治疗的临床效果。方法 选择2016年6月-2019年12月于柳州市工人医院接受治疗的115例CAI患者,所有患者均在踝关节镜下进行ATFL结合CFL重建手术,比较患者术前及术后6个月美国足踝外科学会踝-后足评分系统(AOFAS)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分。结果 术后6个月,115例患者AOFAS评分为(94.21±0.38)分较术前(72.36±6.12)分升高,VAS评分(1.02±0.05)分较术前(5.26±0.87)分降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；术后2个月,115例患者YBT测试值为(88.46±2.09)%较术前(81.32±3.11)%升高,PAI评分(3.05±0.41)分较术前(4.78±0.93)分降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 CAI应用踝关节镜下ATFL结合CFL重建治疗可有效缓解患者疼痛,增强踝关节平衡性及稳定性,促进踝关节功能恢复。     

改良内侧入路踝关节融合术对终末期踝关节炎的治疗效果

目的探讨改良内侧入路踝关节融合术治疗终末期踝关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取终末期踝关节炎患者30例作为研究对象,所有患者均予以改良内侧入路踝关节融合术治疗。比较患者术前、术后美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、健康状况调查量表(SF-36)评分情况。结果术后,所有患者AOFAS踝-后足功能评分、SF-36评分均高于术前,VAS评分均低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良内侧入路踝关节融合术治疗终末期踝关节炎疗效显著,患者满意率较高。     

不同方法修复踝关节外侧副韧带慢性损伤的稳定性评价

背景：以往有多种修复和重建方式来恢复踝关节外侧稳定性,但这些术式均存在一些缺陷。目的：比较改良Karlsson法与改良Brostrām法修复慢性踝关节外侧不稳的力学变化。方法：73例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者,其中43例患者接受了改良Brostrām手术,30例患者接受了改良Karlsson手术,平均随访（50.8±26.5）个月和（49.5±11.1）个月,记录软骨损伤的情况,治疗前和治疗后随访进行AOFAS评分、Mazur评分、Tegner评分、客观检查（前抽屉试验和内翻应力试验）、满意度评分和调查再伤情况。结果与结论：所有患者中38.4%合并软骨损伤,40.5%发生在距胫关节前内侧关节面（距骨Ⅰ区和胫骨Ⅰ区）。随访时两组患者Mazur评分、Tegner评分均明显高于术前,组间无显著性差异。AOFAS评分治疗后较治疗前提高的分值改良Karlsson组明显高于改良Brostrām组。除改良Brostrām组有1例治疗后阳性外,两组其他患者抽屉试验和内翻应力试验治疗后均为阴性。改良Karlsson组治疗时间明显短于改良Brostrām组,满意度评分两组差异无显著性意义。改良Brostrām组2例再伤,改良Karlsson组1例再伤。结果表明,改良Karlsson治疗具有与改良Brostr？m治疗效果相似、操作更便捷。     

不同方法修复踝关节外侧副韧带慢性损伤的稳定性评价☆

背景:以往有多种修复和重建方式来恢复踝关节外侧稳定性,但这些术式均存在一些缺陷.目的:比较改良 Karlsson 法与改良 Brostr?m 法修复慢性踝关节外侧不稳的力学变化. 方法:73例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者,其中43例患者接受了改良 Brostr?m 手术,30例患者接受了改良 Karlsson 手术,平均随访(50.8±26.5)个月和(49.5±11.1)个月,记录软骨损伤的情况,治疗前和治疗后随访进行 AOFAS 评分、Mazur 评分、Tegner 评分、客观检查(前抽屉试验和内翻应力试验)、满意度评分和调查再伤情况. 结果与结论:所有患者中38.4%合并软骨损伤,40.5%发生在距胫关节前内侧关节面(距骨Ⅰ区和胫骨Ⅰ区).随访时两组患者 Mazur 评分、Tegner 评分均明显高于术前,组间无显著性差异.AOFAS 评分治疗后较治疗前提高的分值改良 Karlsson 组明显高于改良 Brostr?m 组.除改良 Brostr?m 组有1例治疗后阳性外,两组其他患者抽屉试验和内翻应力试验治疗后均为阴性.改良 Karlsson 组治疗时间明显短于改良 Brostr?m 组,满意度评分两组差异无显著性意义.改良 Brostr?m 组2例再伤,改良 Karlsson组1例再伤.结果表明,改良 Karlsson 治疗具有与改良 Brostr?m 治疗效果相似、操作更便捷.     

人工全踝关节置换与传统的踝关节融合术治疗踝关节骨关节炎的临床效果对比

目的探究人工全踝关节置换与传统的踝关节融合术治疗踝关节骨关节炎的疗效。方法将2012年1月至2015年12月的85例踝关节骨关节炎患者作为研究对象,将其随机分成观察组与对照组,并分别进行人工全踝关节置换与传统的踝关节融合术治疗,比较两组手术前后的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、美国足踝外科协会踝-后足评分系统(AOFAS)评分、改良McGuir和Mazur评分以及治疗疗效。结果两组术后VAS评分明显下降,并且观察组的VAS评分明显低于对照组;两组患者术后的AOFAS、改良McGuir和Mazur评分均有显著升高,并且观察组的显著的高于对照组;观察组与对照组的AOFAS评分优良率分别是93.33%和77.78%,观察组的优良率明显高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利用人工全踝关节置换术治疗踝关节骨关节炎在减轻疼痛,改善踝关节功能以及改善治疗疗效方面具有显著的优势。     

同种异体肌腱解剖重建修复慢性踝关节不稳

背景：同种异体肌腱解剖重建应用于踝关节修复重建的报道目前较少。 目的：分析运用深低温冷冻保存同种异体肌腱解剖重建修复慢性踝关节不稳的临床疗效。 方法：运用深低温冷冻保存同种异体肌腱解剖重建修复慢性踝关节不稳26例,其中跟腓韧带和距腓前韧带同时损伤或松弛18例,距腓前韧带单独损伤或松弛8例。采用美国足踝外科协定（AOFAS）评分及Good评级评估踝关节功能,并进行患侧与健侧踝关节背伸、跖屈活动度、后足活动度比较。 结果与结论：所有患者治疗后均获得随访,随访时间9-24个月,平均15个月。所有患者均未出现复发性踝关节外侧不稳,美国足踝外科协定（AOFAS）评分：同时修复跟腓韧带和距腓前韧带组,治疗前（48.4±3.7）分,治疗后（88.2±3.8）分,治疗后较治疗前平均提高39.8分;单独修复距腓前韧带组治疗前（50.0±6.4）分,治疗后（89.5±3.4）分,治疗后较治疗前平均提高39.5分。Good评级优19例,良6例,可1例,优良率96%。患者均无严重并发症。结果提示应用深低温冷冻保存同种异体肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带治疗踝关节慢性外侧不稳,增大了腱骨接触面积,增加了骨腱愈合的概率,增强了踝关节的稳定性,其远期疗效仍待进一步评估。     

慢性踝关节损伤采用芍药甘草汤加味治疗的临床效果观察

目的分析慢性踝关节损伤采用芍药甘草汤加味治疗的临床效果。方法随机选取我院2012-01—2013-06收治的86例慢性踝关节损伤患者,根据患者就诊时间分为治疗组和对照组,每组43例。对照组采取西乐葆治疗,治疗组采取芍药甘草汤治疗,并比较两种治疗方法的临床效果。结果两组治疗前后,AOFAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后,治疗组AOFAS评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前后无严重不良反应。结论芍药甘草汤治疗慢性踝关节损伤疗效显著,可较快恢复患者关节功能,无不良反应,安全可靠,值得临床推广。     

推拿按摩联合康复锻炼对踝关节骨折患者术后关节活动度效果观察

目的探讨推拿按摩联合康复锻炼对踝关节骨折患者术后关节活动度的临床效果。方法选取2018年1月～2019年1月我院收治的100例踝关节骨折患者,依据随机数表法分为观察组与对照组各50例,对照组予以康复锻炼治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用推拿按摩治疗。对比两组患者手术前、治疗30d后以及治疗60d后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、踝关节活动度(AOFAS)、踝关节肿胀度以及治疗有效率情况。结果对比治疗前两组VAS、AOFAS及踝关节肿胀度,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗30d及60d后,两组VAS分下降、AOFAS分上升、踝关节肿胀度降低,且观察组变化幅度较大,观察组治疗有效率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论踝关节骨折患者采用推拿按摩联合康复锻炼治疗效果确切,可有效减轻术后疼痛,提升关节活动度与治疗有效率,改善患者预后,值得临床推广。     

中药熏洗在慢性踝关节不稳自体腓骨短肌腱重建中的应用

目的探讨中药熏洗在慢性踝关节外侧不稳自体腓骨短肌腱重建的临床疗效。方法将本院收治的56例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者按照手术方式不同随机分为试验组(n=28)和对照组(n=28)。对照组采用自体腓骨短肌腱重建术进行治疗,试验组在此基础上进行中药熏洗。比较2组患者美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和平均住院时间。结果术后1、3、6个月,2组AOFAS足功能评分均较治疗前显著升高,且试验组显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。术后1、3、6个月,2组VAS评分均较治疗前降低,且试验组显著低于对照组(P 0. 05)。试验组平均住院时间及切口愈合时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。试验组切口愈合不良1例;对照组切口愈合不良4例,感染2例,2组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论自体腓骨短肌腱重建治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳辅以中药熏洗,可有效改善踝关节功能,缓解疼痛,促进切口愈合,并缩短住院时间。     

Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis: a review

Presently, tibiotalar fusion remains a valid treatment option in patients affected by end-stage arthritis of the ankle that is unresponsive to other treatments. Over the years, many different surgical techniques have been described to make this kind of surgery less invasive and invalidating. Consequently, the last two decades have seen arthroscopic ankle fusion gain in popularity with many studies aiming to understand its advantages compared with open surgery, indications, and contraindications. The review of literature revealed a lower rate of complication, faster recovery, and shorter time of hospitalization with arthroscopic arthrodesis, in comparison with open surgery. These characteristics, along with a reduction of costs, will probably increase the use of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in the near future.     

Update on anterior ankle impingement

Anterior ankle impingement results from an impingement of the ankle joint by a soft tissue or osteophyte formation at the anterior aspect of the distal tibia and talar neck. It often occurs secondary to direct trauma (impaction force) or repetitive ankle dorsiflexion (repetitive impaction and traction force). Chronic ankle pain, swelling, and limitation of ankle dorsiflexion are common complaints. Imaging is valuable for diagnosis of the bony impingement but not for the soft tissue impingement, which is based on clinical findings. MR imaging and MR arthrography are helpful in doubtful diagnoses and the identification of associated injuries. Recommended methods for initial management include rest, physical therapy, and shoe modification. If nonoperative treatment fails, arthroscopic bony or soft tissue debridement both offer significant symptomatic relief with long-term positive outcomes in cases that have no significant arthritic change, associated ligament laxity, and chondral lesion.     

The role of ankle ligaments and articular geometry in stabilizing the ankle

Background

Ankle joint stability is a function of multiple factors, but it is unclear to what extent extrinsic factors such as ligaments and intrinsic elements such as geometry of the articular surfaces play a role. The purposes of this study were to determine the contribution of the ligaments and the articular geometry to ankle stability and to determine the effects of ankle position and simulated physiological loading upon ankle stability.

Methods

Sixteen cadaveric lower extremities were studied in unloaded and with axial load equivalent to body weight. Anterior–posterior, medial–lateral translation and internal–external rotation tests were performed in neutral, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ankle positions. Intact ankle stability was measured; ankle ligaments were serially sectioned and retested.

Findings

For unloaded condition, the lateral ligament accounted for 70% to 80% of anterior stability and the deltoid ligaments for 50% to 80% of posterior stability. Both ligaments contributed 50% to 80% to rotational stability; however, the ligaments did not provide the primary restraints to medial–lateral stability. For loaded ankle condition, articular geometry contributed 100% to translational and 60% to rotational stability. The ankle was less stable in plantarflexion and more stable in dorsiflexion.

Interpretation

The contribution of extrinsic and intrinsic elements to ankle stability is dependent upon the load and direction of force applied. This study underscores the importance of restoring soft tissues about the ankle to the anatomic condition during reconstruction operations for instability, trauma and arthritis.     

手术治疗踝关节骨折临床分析

目的总结踝关节骨折手术治疗方法及临床疗效。方法对28例手术治疗的踝关节骨折进行总结分析,按Lauge-Hansen分类:旋后内收型:3例,旋后外旋型:14例,旋前外旋型:5例,旋前外展型:4例,垂直压缩型2例;疗效根据病史、体征、X线征象做4级评价。结果本组28例随访2~24个月(平均12个月)。骨折愈合时间为8~16周,平均12周。优23例,良2例,可3例,无差病例,优良率为89.3%。结论通过切开复位可靠内固定可使踝关节恢复正常的解剖关系,最大限度恢复踝关节功能,获得最佳临床效果。     

可吸收螺钉治疗踝关节骨折

目的:总结可吸收性螺钉治疗踝关节骨折的疗效。方法:本院自1996年1月至2006年1月行可吸收螺钉固定治疗踝关节骨折126例,术后按照美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)后足评分系统进行功能随访。结果:随访121例170枚螺钉,随访4～120个月,平均38.4个月,优70例,良48例。术中有1例出现螺钉断裂,3例螺纹滑丝;手术后4例明显皮肤刺激,其中有1例患者术后6周外踝尖端出现局部溃疡,钉帽外露,细菌培养阴性,二次手术将螺钉帽截断,2周后伤口愈合,另外3例酒精湿敷后好转;有2例出现螺钉帽顶住皮下引起疼痛,半年后疼痛逐渐缓解。结论:可吸收螺钉治疗踝关节骨折固定效果确切,无需二次手术取出,并发症少。     

Total ankle arthroplasty in end-stage ankle arthritis

Recent advancements in ankle prosthesis design, combined with improved surgical techniques for correction of coronal plane deformity and ligamentous balancing, have led to a resurgence of interest in total ankle arthroplasty for the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. Although ankle arthrodesis has long been considered the gold standard treatment for ankle arthritis, recent studies have shown that patients who undergo total ankle replacement have equivalent pain relief and improved function, when compared with patients with an ankle fusion. The purpose of this review is to summarize the indications, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical outcomes of some of the more commonly used modern prostheses for total ankle arthroplasty.     

Reliability and smallest real difference of the ankle lunge test post ankle fracture

This study aimed to determine the reliability and the smallest real difference of the Ankle Lunge test in an ankle fracture patient population.In the post immobilisation stage of ankle fracture, ankle dorsiflexion is an important measure of progress and outcome. The Ankle Lunge test measures weight bearing dorsiflexion, resulting in negative scores (knee to wall distance) and positive scores (toe to wall distance), for which the latter has proven reliability in normal subjects only.A consecutive sample of ankle fracture patients with permission to commence weight bearing, were recruited to the study. Three measurements of the Ankle Lunge Test were performed each by two raters, one senior and one junior physiotherapist. These occurred prior to therapy sessions in the second week after plaster removal. A standardised testing station was utilised and allowed for both knee to wall distance and toe to wall distance measurement.Data was collected from 10 individuals with ankle fracture, with an average age of 36 years (SD 14.8). Seventy seven percent of observations were negative. Intra and inter-rater reliability yielded intra class correlations at or above 0.97, p < .001. There was a significant systematic bias towards improved scores during repeated measurement for one rater (p = .01). The smallest real difference was calculated as 13.8 mm.The Ankle Lunge test is a practical and reliable tool for measuring weightbearing dorsiflexion post ankle fracture.     

The effect of neutral-cushioned running shoes on the intra-articular force in the haemophilic ankle

Background

The ankle continues to be one of the most affected joints in the haemophilia patient, and as cartilage damage progresses, the joint can feel unstable, painful and stiff. Anecdotally, patients often report that sports trainers can improve their pain and daily function, however the actual mechanism for this remains unclear.

Methods

Nine patients with ankle haemarthropathy and three controls were examined using ‘CODAmotion’ analysis and a force plate. Kinematic and kinetic variables of the hip, knee and ankle were recorded. Data was imported from CODA to Excel, where a programme using 2D modelling of the ankle joint forces was employed. This calculated intra-articular force from heel strike to toe-off.

Findings

The haemophilia group at midstance showed an increase in intra-articular force in the ankle when wearing the trainer compared to the shoe (P = < 0.05). Overall the haemophilia cohort had an increased joint force in both the trainers and shoes, compared to controls.

Interpretation

The type of footwear worn by individuals with ankle arthropathy has a significant effect on the amount of force acting at the joint surface. Sports shoes, in providing better comfort and foot support, may facilitate an increased muscular activity around the ankle and therefore improved dynamic joint stability, accounting for why some patients with ankle arthropathy report less pain. Further research is needed to establish levels of acceptable force and the combined effects of orthotics and footwear.     

Outcome evaluation of ankle osteoarthritis treatments: plantar pressure analysis during relatively long-distance walking

Background

This study aimed to use plantar pressure analysis in relatively long-distance walking for objective outcome evaluation of ankle osteoarthritis treatments, i.e., ankle arthrodesis and total ankle replacement.

Methods

Forty-seven subjects in four groups: three patient groups and controls, participated in the study. Each subject walked twice in 50-m trials. Plantar pressure under the pathological foot was measured using pressure insoles. Six parameters: initial contact time, terminal contact time, maximum force time, peak pressure time, maximum force and peak pressure were calculated and averaged over trials in ten regions of foot. The parameters in each region were compared between patient groups and controls and their effect size was estimated. Besides, the correlations between pressure parameters and clinical scales were calculated.

Findings

We observed based on temporal parameters that patients postpone the heel-off event, when high force in forefoot and high ankle moment happens. Also based on maximum force and peak pressure, the patients apply smoothened maximum forces on the affected foot. In ten regions, some parameters showed improvements after total ankle replacement, some showed alteration of foot function after ankle arthrodesis and some others showed still abnormality after both surgical treatments. These parameters showed also significant correlation with clinical scales in at least two regions of foot.

Interpretation

Plantar pressure parameters in relatively long-distance trials showed to be strong tools for outcome evaluation of ankle osteoarthritis treatments.