胰岛素治疗对烫伤脓毒症骨骼肌蛋白高降解的影响

目的探讨胰岛素对烫伤脓毒症骨骼肌蛋白高降解的调节。方法沸水烫伤并注射内毒素建立烫伤和脓毒症兔模型,使用胰岛素控制血糖。检测伸趾长肌蛋白降解率和蛋白酶体的基因与蛋白表达变化。结果胰岛素治疗显著降低了伤后骨骼肌蛋白降解率和蛋白酶体的表达。结论胰岛素能抑制泛素-蛋白酶体途径活性的增强,减轻烫伤和脓毒症时骨骼肌蛋白高降解。     

Ubiquitin-proteasome途径在骨骼肌蛋白降解中的作用

骨骼肌细胞内蛋白降解有多种途径,其中泛在素-蛋白酶体(Ubiquitin-proteasome)途径是近20年来发现的高效细胞内蛋白降解机制.本文就泛在素-蛋白酶体途径的组成及作用机制、分解代谢状态下的泛在素-蛋白酶体途径、骨骼肌蛋白降解的调节机制和治疗展望作一综述.本综述重点在于了解分解状态下骨骼肌蛋白降解的细胞内和细胞外调节机制.     

Ubiquitin—proteasme途径在骨骼肌蛋白降解中的作用

骨骼肌细胞内蛋白降解有多种途径 ,其中泛在素 蛋白酶体 (Ｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｉｎ ｐｒｏｔｅａｓｏｍｅ)途径是近 2 0年来发现的高效细胞内蛋白降解机制。本文就泛在素 蛋白酶体途径的组成及作用机制、分解代谢状态下的泛在素 蛋白酶体途径、骨骼肌蛋白降解的调节机制和治疗展望作一综述。本综述重点在于了解分解状态下骨骼肌蛋白降解的细胞内和细胞外调节机制。1　泛在素 蛋白酶体途径的组成及作用机制　　泛在素 蛋白酶体途径从发现到现在已有近 2 0年历史 ,由于作用底物的多样性 ,其组成成分也在不断被发现。泛在素 蛋白酶体途径的主要…     

严重烧伤大鼠早期切痂植皮后骨骼肌泛素转录的变化

目的　探讨大鼠严重烧伤早期切痂后骨骼肌蛋白降解率变化的内在机制。方法　应用大鼠 30 %Ⅲ度背部烫伤模型 ,随机分为伤前、单纯烧伤、早期切痂和非早期切痂组 ,切痂组分别于伤后 1天和 4天行切痂手术 ,采用无创技术和骨骼肌充分氧供离体孵育系统测定伸趾长肌肌纤维蛋白降解率 ,Northernblot方法测定伸趾长肌组织中泛素转录表达的变化。结果　伸趾长肌肌纤维蛋白降解率在伤后各时间点均显著增加 (P<0 0 1) ,早期切痂组较非早期切痂组在伤后 2、4、5天显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。泛素转录表达在伤后均显著增加 ,但早期切痂组呈持续下降的趋势。蛋白降解率与泛素转录表达间呈显著正相关 (r=0 94 78,P <0 0 5 )。结论　烧伤早期切痂可降低骨骼肌蛋白的高分解代谢反应 ,与泛素 蛋白酶体途径活性下降有关     

严重烧伤脓毒症病人骨骼肌蛋白降解变化及其机制探讨

分析严重烧伤脓毒症病人骨骼肌蛋白降解变化及其生物学机制。收集同期收治的 9例严重烧伤脓毒症病人 (烧伤脓毒症组)和 9例整形病人 (对照组 )的血、2 4h尿及股四头肌标本 ,通过放免法测定血皮质醇和TNF α的含量 ,高效液相色谱分析法检测 2 4h尿中 3 甲基组氨酸(3 MH)的排出量 ,核糖核酸印迹法和免疫组织化学法分别检测股四头肌泛素系统基因表达和蛋白表达的变化。结果发现 ,烧伤脓毒症组外周血内皮质醇和TNF α的浓度较对照组明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ;2 4h尿内 3 MH排出量明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,且3 MH排出量与外周血皮质醇和TNF α的浓度变化呈显著正相关 (r=0 93或r=0 95 ,P <0 0 1) ;股四头肌泛素mRNA 2 4kb条带和1 2kb条带的表达分别较对照组增强 5 2 %和 34% ,C2 亚基mRNA的表达较对照组增强 4 6 % ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;股四头肌泛素蛋白表达较对照组增强明显 ,差异有显著意义。说明重症烧伤脓毒症病人骨骼肌蛋白降解显著增强 ,体内糖皮质激素及TNF α含量增加 ,从基因水平激活细胞内蛋白降解途径———泛素系统可能是重症烧伤脓毒症病人骨骼肌蛋白降解增强的原因之一。     

泛素-蛋白酶体途径在烧伤脓毒症大鼠肝脏NF-κB活化中的作用研究

目的　研究泛素 蛋白酶体途径对烧伤脓毒症大鼠肝脏NF κB的活性和IκB α含量以及肝脏TNF α表达的影响。方法　采用 30 %TBSAⅢ度烫伤加内毒素攻击大鼠为模型模拟临床烧伤脓毒症 ,6 0只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、烧伤脓毒症组、烧伤脓毒症 蛋白酶体抑制剂ALLN处理组、烧伤脓毒症 NF κB抑制剂PDTC处理组 ,采用凝胶电泳迁移率改变分析法 (EMSA)分析肝脏NF κB活性 ,采用免疫印迹方法检测肝脏IκB α表达 ,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测肝脏TNF α的变化。结果　NF κB于伤后 1h明显活化并达到高峰 (P <0 0 5 ) ,IκB α表达先减少后逐渐恢复 ,应用泛素系统抑制剂可以抑制IκB α在肝脏中的降解 ,而采用蛋白酶体抑制剂和NF κB抑制剂均可降低肝脏NF κB的活性和减少TNF α的释放。结论　表明烫伤脓毒症大鼠肝脏NF κB活性明显增强 ,而干预泛素 蛋白酶体途径可通过抑制IκB α降解实现对肝脏中NF κB活性的调控。     

不同因素刺激对大鼠骨骼肌组织蛋白代谢影响的比较与分析

目的　探讨不同作用因素对大鼠骨骼肌蛋白代谢的影响。方法　雄性Wistar大鼠 12 0只 ,分别制作单纯烧伤、内毒素腹腔注射、烧伤复合内毒素攻击三种模型应用充分氧供肌肉离体孵育系统和氨基酸自动分析仪测定不同刺激因素后大鼠伸趾长肌蛋白降解率的变化。结果　三种模型骨骼肌蛋白降解率均显著增强 ,尤以肌纤维蛋白为著 ;单纯烧伤后早期肌蛋白的消耗相对较小 ,内毒素腹腔注射早期肌蛋白的消耗相对较大 ,烧伤复合内毒素攻击后肌蛋白的消耗显著增加。结论　烧伤、脓毒症、烧伤合并脓毒症三种状态下骨骼肌蛋白降解率的变化与伤情有关 ,随病情的加重而加剧。     

烧伤后大鼠骨骼肌组织泛素及泛素化蛋白表达的变化研究

为研究烧伤大鼠骼肌组织泛素（ubiquitin)及泛素化蛋白表达的变化规律，探讨烧伤后骨骼肌蛋白降解的分子机制，采用大鼠30％Ⅲ度烫伤模型，分为伤后2、6、12和24h组，每组设正常对照组，于伤后不同时间点分别测定大鼠骨骼肌孵育液中伸趾长肌蛋白降解率以及伸趾长肌组织中泛素及泛素化蛋白的表达变化。结果发现，大鼠烧伤后伸趾长肌蛋白降解率增强，尤其是肌纤维蛋白降解增强明显（P＜0．01），伤后12h增加185％，24h增加153％；伸趾长肌泛素及泛素化蛋白的表达在烧伤后各时相点均显著增加（P＜0.01)，尤以12h和24h为明显，表达增加的泛素化蛋白主要为高分子量蛋白。提示烧伤后大鼠骨骼肌蛋白高分解代谢与泛素及泛素化蛋白的高表达关系密切。     

TNF对离体培养肌管蛋白降解率的影响及其机制的研究

目的　研究肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)对体外培养的骨骼肌肌管内长寿命蛋白降解的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法　通过无菌分离Wistar大鼠(2日龄)下肢肌肉 ,组织块培养法增殖、传代纯化成肌细胞 ,融合形成肌管 ,使用L [3,5 3 H] 酪氨酸标记肌管蛋白后 ,随机分成四组 :对照组和TNF组分别应用不含TNF和含有TNF α(2 0 0 0U/mL)的培养液培养肌管 12、2 4、36和 4 8h。MG132组和TNF MG132组则分别使用含蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132 (5 0 μmol/L)或含有MG132 (5 0 μmol/L) TNF α(2 0 0 0U/mL)的培养液培养肌管2 4h。应用液体闪烁计数仪测定培养液和细胞内L [3,5 3 H] 酪氨酸的含量 ,计算肌管长寿命蛋白的降解率。结果　长寿命蛋白降解率TNF组各时间点均较对照组显著增加(P <0 0 1) ,MG132组较对照组显著降低(P <0 0 1) ,TNF MG132组显著低于TNF组 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　泛素 蛋白酶体途径是骨骼肌肌管长寿命蛋白的重要降解途径之一 ;TNF α能作用于骨骼肌肌管 ,增强蛋白降解率 ;泛素蛋白酶途径是TNF α增强骨骼肌蛋白降解的主要途径之一     

泛素-蛋白酶体在运动调节骨骼肌代谢中的作用研究进展北大核心CSCD

泛素-蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitin-proteasome system,UPS)降解蛋白质的过程是维持细胞稳态的重要调节机制之一。在骨骼肌萎缩过程中,UPS的两种骨骼肌特异性E3连接酶(MAFbx,MuRF1)表达增加,有效增加细胞蛋白质降解。提示UPS在维持骨骼肌细胞正常代谢过程中发挥重要作用。有氧运动可有效增加机体代谢、改善机体能量代谢异常。研究发现,UPS在有氧运动调节骨骼肌糖、脂代谢过程中也发挥关键作用。本文综述了UPS在运动调节骨骼肌细胞代谢过程中的作用及其潜在调控机制,以期为进一步探明UPS与运动的关系提供新思路。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.