Glypican-3蛋白在肝癌患者血清中的表达及意义

目的检测肝细胞癌（HCC）患者血清Glypican-3（GPC3）和AFP蛋白的表达水平,比较其诊断价值,分析血清GPC3与临床因素的关系。方法采用ELISA法分别检查HCC30例,其他肝脏肿瘤8例,其他肝脏疾病13例,正常人25例血清标本中GPC3及AFP的表达。结果血清GPC3蛋白诊断HCC的敏感性和特异性分别为50．0％和92．O％,联合AFP蛋白检测使诊断敏感性由50．0％提高至73．3％。GPC3蛋白水平升高提示HCC患者临床分期晚、肿瘤分化程度低、肝硬化明显。结论GPC3蛋白是具有前景的特异性HCC血清标志物,可用于HCC的诊断,并可能与肿瘤侵袭相关。     

产生甲胎蛋白的原发性肺癌1例报告

已证实甲胎蛋白(AFP)在原发性肝癌和卵黄囊肿瘤时增高。本文报道1例原发性肺癌产生大量AFP,并利用AFP 与植物血凝素(LCH)的亲和力不同进行鉴别诊断。病例患者男75岁,因干咳、呼吸困难而入院。胸部X 线示右上肺5cm 大小的肿瘤阴影,伴有胸水和纵隔淋巴结肿大。肝脏CT 检查未发现肿瘤及肝硬化。胃内窥镜检、下消化道造影及头部CT 检查均未发现肿瘤。血清AFP 36 000ng/ml。病理学检查:经皮肺活检诊断为低分化型腺癌,AFP 用酶抗体法染色阳性,细胞体呈茶褐色。AFP 与LCH 的亲和力:采取植物血凝素交叉免疫电泳法,用刀豆素A(ConA)和LCH 作亲和力试验,其电泳图:ConA 呈现非结     

GP73和AFP在早期肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的检测高尔基体糖蛋白-73(Golgiprotein 73,GP73)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)在早期肝细胞癌组织中的表达情况,并探讨其意义。方法收集早期肝细胞癌的肿瘤组织40例,非肿瘤肝脏组织20例,采用免疫组化染色法分别检测两组标本中GP73及AFP的表达情况。结果 GP73及AFP在早期肝细胞癌组织中均为高表达,且GP73阳性表达明显高于AFP,两者比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论在早期肝细胞癌的诊断中,GP73可能是一更优于AFP的检测指标。     

甲胎蛋白的分子结构及生物学功能

甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)是一种胎儿特异性α-球蛋白,一直以来都被认为是临床诊断胎儿出生缺陷和肝细胞癌的经典肿瘤标志物.近年来大量的临床统计结果及基础研究证实,AFP不仅仅作为临床的诊断指标,而在肝细胞癌的发生发展过程中发挥了重要的作用.近年来研究证实AFP在肝细胞癌中发挥信号分子样作用,参与调控肝癌细胞的多种生物学进程.     

血清AFP、AIF、CA19-9、CEA联检对肝脏肿瘤的诊断价值

肝脏肿瘤是临床上最常见的肿瘤之一。鉴别肿脏肿瘤是原发性肝癌还是继发性肝癌 ,是良性病变还是恶性肿瘤对临床上肿瘤患者的治疗有重要意义。为了探讨甲胎蛋白 (AFP)、酸性铁蛋白 (AIF)、糖类抗原 (CA19-9)、癌胚抗原 (CEA)联检对肝脏肿瘤的诊断价值 ,我们对 1 42例肝脏肿瘤患者进行了 AFP、AIF、CA19-9及 CEA的联合检测。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　本组 1 42例中 ,男 1 0 7例 ,女 3 5例 ;年龄 3 0～ 79岁 ,平均 5 3 .4岁。均经病理、临床及影像检查确诊。其中原发性肝癌 96例 ,转移性肝癌 2 6例 ,肝良性占位病变 …     

肝癌肿瘤标志物

1 肿瘤胚胎性抗原标志物 1．1甲胎蛋白（AFP）AFP是肝癌诊断的一个特异性指标．用于人群普查、肝癌诊断及鉴别诊断、判断预后、疗效和复发。AFP诊断肝癌时应注意：①肝癌AFP阳性率为60％～90％，有一定局限性。②AFP20～200μg／L，且持续≥2个月．既见于肝癌患者，也可见于慢性肝炎、肝硬化患者，其中部分为亚临床型肝癌；对AFP持续阳性者．应动态监测IAFP可在肝癌症状出现之前数月做出诊断．有早期诊断肝癌的价值。⑨肝癌经有效治疗后AFP可下降或消失，如降至正常后叉升高，提示肝癌复发。④肝炎活动时．AFP可升高。如AFP与ALT动态曲线平行或同步，活动性肝病可能性大；若两者曲线分离，ALT下降或正常后，AFP反而升高者则多为肝癌。⑤其他肝脏肿瘤、生殖系统肿瘤、消化系统肿瘤、孕妇及新生儿AFP水平亦可升高．故必须结合临床症状与超声检查才可确诊。     

血清标志物在肝炎肝硬化患者中诊断肝癌的价值

目的寻找有效的适合用于肝炎肝硬化患者肝癌诊断的血清肿瘤标志物.方法AFP测定应用竞争性放射免疫技术(RIA),岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)测定应用酶化学技术,唾液酶(SA)测定应用化学法,可溶性白介素2受体(sIL-2R)和肝细胞生长因子(HGF)的测定应用单克隆抗体双夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA).结果AFU、AFP和SA三项指标肝癌患者显著高于肝硬化患者,P值分别为P=0.027,P＜0.001和P＜0.001.分别以AFU值440nmol/ml·h-1、AFP测定值400 ng/ml、SA测定值590 μg/ml为阳性参考值,测定肝癌组患者阳性率分别为57.57%、68.09%和35.7%.三者假阳性率分别为48%、20%和0,以AFP和SA对41例肝癌进行联合检测,其肝癌患者阳性检出率为80.49%.肝癌患者血清sIL-2R水平与肝硬化患者及肝炎患者比较无显著差异,P＞0.05.肝癌患者血清HGF水平低于肝硬化患者以及重症肝炎患者.结论肝癌患者HGF、sIL-2R和AFU显著高于正常人血清,但其升高的水平受肝脏炎症影响较大,对肝癌的特异性较差,因而不适合应用于肝炎肝硬化患者肝癌的诊断.AFP仍然是最敏感的肝癌血清指标,SA具有肿瘤特异性高和不受肝脏炎症干扰的特点,适合肝炎肝硬化患者肝癌的诊断,联合AFP可以使阳性检出率达80.49%,使肝癌的诊断灵敏性大大提高.     

肝胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌诊治7例

目的:探讨肝胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌临床特征、诊断方法及外科治疗.方法:回顾性分析2003-02/2007-02中国医科大学附属第一临床医院收治的肝胆管囊腺瘤患者3例及肝胆管囊腺癌4例的临床资料.结果:肝胆管囊腺瘤3例均为女性,右上腹部隐痛不适,剑突下疼痛和腹胀.肿瘤标志物CAl9-9升高(2/3),AFP无升高,肝脏囊性占位性病变,伴有分隔以及钙化影,平均最大直径17cm.术后随访26mo,未见复发.肝胆管囊腺癌4例,男性1例,女性3例,右上腹部隐痛和腹胀.肿瘤标志物CA19-9升高(2/4),AFP无升高,肝脏的囊性占位性病变伴有不规则分隔外,囊壁结节以及乳头状突起,平均最大直径13cm.其中3例行根治性切除术,已随访12mo,无复发或转移.结论:肝胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌早期诊断困难,肿瘤标志物及影像学检查有助于其诊断和鉴别,手术切除为最有效的治疗手段.     

DCP联合AFP对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的探讨脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原(DCP)联合AFP对原发性肝癌的诊断价值。方法选取2013年6月至2014年9月在我院治疗的100例原发性肝癌、48例消化系统肿瘤、53例继发性肝癌、49例慢性肝病、69例其他肝脏疾病患者作为研究组,并选择同期在我院体检的62名正常志愿者作为对照组,均使用化学发光法对全部研究对象的血清DCP和AFP浓度进行检测,使用ROC曲线描述研究对象特征,得出原发性肝癌的最佳诊断值。结果 1相较于消化系统肿瘤、继发性肝癌、慢性肝病、其他肝病疾病患者以及正常对照组,原发性肝癌患者的阳性率显著提升,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.001);消化系统肿瘤、慢性肝病、其他肝脏疾病患者及正常对照组之间的阳性率差异无明显统计学意义(P=0.051);2ROC曲线显示,DCP诊断原发性肝癌的最佳临界值为45.6 mAU/mL,其灵敏度为73.3%、特异度为87.1%;3联合DCP、AFP的检测结果阳性率与诊断金标准一致,其特异度、灵敏度、Kappa值可分别高达90.24%,91.30%,0.815,明显优于单项诊断;4在所有研究对象的相关分析中,r=0.062,P=0.227,表明DCP和AFP无相关性;在原发性肝癌患者,r=0.022,P=0.669,表明DCP和AFP无相关性。结论 DCP检测诊断原发性肝癌具有较优的效果,联合DCP和AFP可有效提高原发性肝癌的诊断效果,有助于患者的早期发现和治疗。     

肝癌早期诊断血清标志物研究进展

目前对于原发性肝癌的常规筛查和监测指标主要包括血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)和肝脏超声检查.AFP的敏感性在40％ ～ 65％左右,特异性在76％ 96％左右,仍然是目前全世界应用最广泛的肝癌肿瘤标志物.近年来,基因技术、蛋白质组学、肿瘤免疫等研究飞速发展,筛选出一些潜在的新的肿瘤标志物,本文就目前的研究现状进行综述.     

Clinicopathologic features of patients with primary malignant hepatic tumors seropositive for alpha-fetoprotein-L3 alone in comparison with other patients seropositive for alpha-fetoprotein-L3

BACKGROUND: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seropositive for lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) have a poor prognosis. However, there have been no studies of the clinicopathologic features of patients seronegative for both AFP and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and seropositive for AFP-L3 alone in comparison with other patients seropositive for AFP-L3. METHODS: Patients with primary malignant hepatic tumors seropositive for AFP-L3 who underwent hepatectomy (n = 84) were divided into four groups, and their clinicopathologic features were compared: (i) group A, seronegative for AFP <100 ng/mL and DCP <40 mAU/mL; (ii) group B, seropositive for AFP > or =100 ng/mL and seronegative for DCP; (iii) group C, seronegative for AFP and seropositive for DCP > or =40 mAU/mL; and (iv) group D, seropositive for AFP and DCP. RESULTS: Among the 14 group A patients seropositive for AFP-L3 alone with low AFP concentrations, three had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), one had a cholangiolocellular carcinoma, one had combined HCC and ICC, and one had undifferentiated hepatic sarcoma. Group A had a higher incidence of non-HCC tumors (P < 0.001) and tumors derived from cholangiocytes (P < 0.001) than the other three groups. They also had a high frequency of poorly differentiated tumors and sarcomatous changes, and showed a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with primary malignant hepatic tumors seropositive for AFP-L3 alone with low AFP concentrations have unique clinicopathologic features. Thus, we should be aware of these patients and should measure AFP-L3 levels, at least once, even in those seronegative for both AFP and DCP.     

Very high alpha-fetoprotein in a young man due to concomitant presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma and Sertoli cell testis tumor

Studies reported that there is a close relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and testis carcinoma. Both tumors can be presented as synchronal tumors, or as testicular metastases of HCC or as hepatic metastases of testicular tumor. HCC is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the incidence of HCC increases with age. The relationship between hepatitis B incidence and HCC rates is also well recognized. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is produced by 70% of HCC. Though a level of AFP >400 ng/mL is diagnostic for HCC, in the presence of active hepatitis B infection, the cut-off level should be considered to be at least 1 000-4 000 ng/mL. Like HCC, germ cell tumors of the testis also release AFP; but it is shown that some of Sertoli cell tumors of testis can also release AFP. Herein we have reported about the first case of HCC in the literature which is presented concomitantly with Sertoli-Leydig tumor of testis, leading to extremely high level of AFP in a 21-year-old man.     

肝癌相关膜蛋白抗原(HAg18-1)检测诊断原发性肝细胞癌

目的本文旨在验证肝癌相关膜蛋白抗原的灵敏度,特异性和临床应用价值.方法作者采用抗人肝癌单克隆抗体(McAb)制备的 HAg18-1血清快速酶联免疫检测试剂,检查原发性肝细胞癌(PHCC)100例,肝胆管癌(HBC)5例,转移性肝癌(MHC)10例,乙型肝炎(HB)20例,肝硬变(Cir)20例,胃肠道恶性肿瘤20例,胃肠道炎症性疾病(含溃疡)20例.同时应用甲胎蛋白(AFP)对上述病例进行联检.另用血库血20例作对照检测.结果 HAg18-1阳性率 PHCC 81%,HBC 20%,MHC 10%,HB 10%,Cir 10%,胃肠道恶性肿瘤10%,胃肠道炎症性疾病5%,血库血0%.AFP 阳性率 PHCC 68%,HBC 40%,MHC 20%,HB 20%,Cir 20%,胃肠道恶性肿瘤15%,胃肠道炎症性疾病10%,血库血0%.结论 HAg18-1对 PHCC 诊断阳性率高,特异性强,与 AFP 联检,可起协同和互补作用.     

Clinical use of hepatic carcinoma associated membrane protein antigen (HAg18-1) for detection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical value of hepatic carcinoma associated membrane protein antigen (HAg18a21) as a reagent in a serum quick enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHCC). METHODS: A serum quick enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which uses HAg18a21 as a reagent, was prepared from monoclonal antibodies against human hepatic carcinoma. We assayed blood serum obtained from 100 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHCC), 5 cases of hepatic biliary carcinoma (HBC), 10 cases of metastatic hepatic carcinoma (MHC), 20 cases of hepatitis B (HB), 20 cases of liver cirrhosis (LC), 20 cases of malignant gastrointestinal tumors, and 20 cases of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases (including ulcers). Alpha 2 fetoprotein (AFP) was concurrently detected for each case. Twenty samples of blood bank serum were tested as controls. RESULTS: The respective positive rates for the HAg18a21 ELISA assay and AFP detection assay were 81% and 68% in PHCC, 20% and 40% in HBC, 19% and 20% in MHC, 10% and 20% in BH, 10% and 20% in LC, 10% and 15% in malignant gastrointestinal tumors, and 5% and 10% in inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Neither assay showed a positive result for any tested blood bank sample. CONCLUSION: The HAg18a21 ELISA demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of PHCC. HAg18a21 ELISA and AFP detection, if used together, may compliment each other in the diagnosis of PHCC.     

Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver with a mixture of ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) of the liver is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and only 13 cases have been reported in Japan up to 1997. We described a histologically unusual case of FLC. A 52-yr-old man was admitted to our hospital for work-up of hepatic mass. Laboratory examinations revealed no abnormalities except elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (2098 ng/ml). A diagnosis of HCC was made by imaging findings, and left lobectomy of the liver was performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of areas of FLC mixed with ordinary HCC and those of pure ordinary HCC. Staining for AFP was positive in the HCC component and negative in the FLC component. Some cases of such mixed tumors have been reported in Europe and the United States, but not in Japan. We regarded our case as the first of the mixed tumor in Japan.     

联合检测AFP、C反应蛋白在原发性肝癌诊断中的临床意义

目的通过对血清反应蛋白（CRP）与甲胎蛋白（AFP）联合检测,探讨其在原发性肝癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值。方法抽取52例临床确诊的原发性肝癌患者、68例肝硬化患者及50例健康体检者血液,化学发光免疫分析法检测CRP,放射免疫法检测AFP的浓度,以同期50例健康体检者作对照。结果原发性肝癌CRP、AFP水平与肝硬化及正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。原发性肝癌组单项CRP、AFP阳性检出率分别为76.9%、73.1%;两项联合检测敏感度达94.2%,与AFP单项检测比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论联合检测CRP与AFP可提高原发性肝癌的检出率,对肝癌的诊断及鉴别诊断具有实用价值。     

Gallbladder carcinoma producing alpha-fetoprotein

Alpha-feto protein (AFP) is a clinically useful marker for hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and nonseminomatous testicular tumors. Elevated serum AFP can also occur with tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lung, kidney, and urachus. Serum AFP can also be minimally elevated in nonmalignant conditions including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and pregnancy. Reports of gallbladder carcinoma that elaborate AFP are extremely rare, and almost all represent papillary carcinomas. Until now, there have been only two reports in the world literature that describe undifferentiated gallbladder carcinoma with elevated serum AFP. The authors present one case of undifferentiated gallbladder carcinoma and another case of poorly differentiated gallbladder carcinoma with increased serum AFP. In both cases, serum AFP was particularly useful in documenting metastatic recurrence of gallbladder carcinoma.     

甲胎蛋白与癌胚抗原联合检测在肝癌鉴别诊断中应用价值

目的探讨联合检测甲胎蛋白(AFP)与癌胚抗原(CEA)在原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌诊断中的应用价值。方法选择经临床病理学检查确诊的肝癌患者98例,根据疾病诊断分为原发性肝癌组(56例)和转移性肝癌组(42例),同期健康体检者作为对照组(30例)。采用电化学发光法测定血清AFP和CEA浓度,并对3组结果进行分析。结果原发性肝癌组血清AFP和CEA含量均明显高于对照组(P均0.05),原发性肝癌组血清AFP含量明显高于转移性肝癌组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012);转移性肝癌组中CEA含量均明显高于原发性肝癌组和健康对照组,差异有显著统计学意义(P均0.01)。结论联合检测血清AFP和CEA的含量能更好地诊断和鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与转移性肝癌,对鉴别肝癌的类型具有一定的指导意义。     

Sensitivity and specificity of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin for diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas varies according to tumor size

OBJECTIVES: Serum levels of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are known to be useful tumor markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic efficacy of DCP and AFP in differentiating HCC from chronic liver diseases. METHODS: We examined 1,377 HCC patients and 355 patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis (non-HCC) who visited our institute and affiliated hospitals between June 1997 and September 2003. RESULTS: The median values of DCP and AFP were 60 mAU/mL and 34 ng/mL in HCC patients, respectively, and 18 mAU/mL and 3 ng/mL in non-HCC patients, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of DCP and AFP were 0.812 and 0.887, respectively (p < 0.0001). The area under the DCP ROC curve was significantly smaller than that of AFP in tumors less than 3 cm in diameter (p < 0.0001). However, the ROC area of DCP was significantly larger than that of AFP in tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The utility of DCP for the diagnosis of HCC was lower than that of AFP for small tumors, but higher than that of AFP for large tumors.     

AFP与AFU测定在原发性肝癌诊断中的临床意义

目的：探讨AFP（甲胎蛋白）、AFU（α-L-岩灌糖苷酶）的检测对原发性肝细胞癌的诊断价值。方法：AFP用酶联免疫法;AFU用比色法。结果：检测患者血清AFP与AFU。来诊断原发性肝细胞癌,其诊断符合率分别为68％和845,身份者联合检测其诊断符合率高达96％。结论：联合测定患者血清AFP与AFU诊断原发性肝细胞癌有较高的敏感性和特异性,尤其对AFP阴性和早期小肝癌有较大意义。其方法简单,适于基层临床开展。