选择性远端脾腔静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症

目的探讨远端脾腔静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症的远期疗效。方法用远端脾静脉腔静脉直接吻合分流,并行脾胰断流和胃小弯侧门静脉奇静脉断流。结果分流术后,自由门静脉压平均下降０５３ｋＰａ,并仍维持在３２９±０４４ｋＰａ较高水平;再出血率７５８％;腹水发生率２７３０％;无明显肝性脑病发生;手术病死率７５８％;５年生存率７０４５％。结论远端脾腔静脉分流术是一种较理想的选择性分流术式。     

改良脾腔分流联合断流术在门静脉高压症治疗中的作用

目的 探讨改良脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的安全性及疗效. 方法 回顾性分析135例接受脾切除、贲门周围血管离断联合脾腔静脉分流术的肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料. 结果 135患者手术全部成功,围术期死亡率2.2％( 3/135).110例获得随访,时间9月～12年,再出血率5.5％ (6/110),肝性脑病发生率6.4％(7/110),自由门静脉压力由术前的(36.9±3.2)cmH2O,下降至(32.0±1.5) cmH2O,差异显著(P＜0.01). 结论 脾腔分流联合断流术安全有效,是外科治疗门静脉高压症的优先选择之一.     

附加部分断流的胃左静脉腔静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症

对4例门静脉高压症上消化道出血患者实施附加断流的胃左静脉腔静脉分流术的资料进行回顾性分析，结果示4例患者无手术死亡及近期再出血者，随访5～10年，无再出血及死亡者，生活质量良好。提示附加断流的胃左静脉腔静脉分流术，能有效降低胃脾区的静脉压力，且能保证门静脉的向肝血供，是治疗门静脉高压症的一种理想的术式。     

选择性远端脾腔分流术的评价

本文通过研究总结近8年来施行的42例选择性远端脾腔分流术的临床疗效和血流动力学效应。对此术在肝硬变门静脉高压症中的治疗价值作出的初步评价。本组门静脉高压症病人在分流术后仍维持术前的门静脉高压状态及门静脉向肝血流,而脾腔静脉吻合通畅率高,脾静脉压降至正常。术后病人只有1例发生早期再出血。肝功能稳定,无肝性脑病发生。病人生活质量佳。本文结果表明,选择性远端脾腔分流术是一种较理想的选择性分流术式。     

联合断流和分流术治疗门静脉高压症(附180例分析)

目的 探讨联合断流和分流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床效果.方法 对1990年5月至2010年5月采用联合断流和分流手术治疗180例门静脉高压症的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术前自由门静脉压力(FPP)平均为34 cm H2O;脾切除、脾腔或肠腔分流术后FPP下降10 cmH2O;手术后FPP平均为24.5 cm H2O....     

门静脉高压症术后再出血外科治疗的探讨（附65例临床分析）

目的：探讨门脉高压症术后再出血外科治疗手术方式的选择。方法：回顾性分析总结65例门脉高压症术后再出血的治疗情况。结果：47例采用了不同术式的外科治疗,其中行肠腔侧侧分流术29例,肠系膜下静脉腔静脉分．流术6例,肠系膜上静脉属支腔静脉分流术4例,肠系膜上静脉属支左肾静脉分流术2例,断流术6例,手术死亡5例,结论：外科治疗目前仍是治疗门脉高压症术后再出血的主要手段,且以择期手术为宜,其中肠腔侧侧分流术是断流术后再出血治疗的首选术式,选择性分流术（DSRS,DSCS）术后再出血的外科治疗主要采用脾切除加断流术,当肠腔分流术后再出血时,行肠系膜下静脉左肾静脉分流术或肠系膜上静脉属支腔静脉分流术是可行的,手术创伤小,疗效较好。     

限制性分流与断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症

目的探讨限制性分流与断流联合手术治疗门静脉高压症的效果。方法对39例门静脉高压症患者行断流加肠腔静脉限制性分流术的临床疗效进行回顾性分析。结果患者术后自由门静脉压力水平下降8cm H2O，且皆保持门静脉的向肝血流，术后随访6～24个月，39例患者有18例肝功能有不同程度恢复，1例在围手术期有短暂的肝性脑病发作，38例患者腹水消失，食管胃底静脉曲张消失好转率82．1％，无再出血发生。结论断流限制性分流联合应用，既能保持一定的门静脉压力及门静脉肝脏血供，又能防止上消化道出血，降低肝性脑病发生率，是治疗门静脉高压症的较为理想的手术方法。     

系-腔分流术治疗门静脉高压症术后再出血的临床研究

目的探讨系-腔C形、H形架桥术对门脉高压症再出血的临床疗效及肠系膜上静脉外科干解剖变异时的临床处理.方法总结2002年1月至2004年8月36例门脉高压症术后再出血病例资料,其中脾切除、断流术后再出血21例,近端脾肾分流术后再出血9例,远端脾肾分流术后再出血4例,近端脾肾分流术＋断流术后2例;再出血后行系-腔C形架桥术18例,系-腔H形架桥术12例,肠系膜上静脉外科干解剖变异改行肠系膜下静脉-下腔静脉分流术4例,改行冠腔分流术2例.通过术中测压、术后B超测定吻合口血流量以及胃镜、肝功能随访评价系-腔分流术临床疗效.结果术后门脉降压明显,随访6个月至3年,吻合口通畅,胃底静脉曲张减轻,无一例再出血,无严重并发症,无一例死亡.结论系-腔分流术能有效的治疗门脉高压症术后再出血,其中C形架桥术降压效果最明显;当肠系膜上静脉外科干解剖变异时,应及时选择其它分流方法.     

TIPS加断流术与脾肾分流加断流术治疗门静脉高压症疗效分析

目的:分析TIPS加断流术与脾肾分流加断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效.方法:1998年12月至2007年12月,60例门静脉高压症病人经血生化、钡餐或胃镜、多普勒超声及CTA检查后,根据病人的全身和肝功能状况.分为A、B两组.A组(30例)行TIPS加断流术,B组(30例)行脾肾分流加断流术.结果:A组门静脉压力由术前(41.5±5.2)cm H2O降至术后的(32.8±6.08)cm H2O(P＜0.01),门静脉血流速度由术前(17.1±4.5)cm/s升至术后的(38.3±5.3)cm/s(P＜0.01);B组门静脉压力由术前(43.3±6.2)cm H2O降至术后的(34.8±4.3)cm H2O(P＜0.01),术前、术后门静脉血流速度分别为(18.6±7.5)cm/s和(20.6±5.9)cm/s(P＞0.05).A组手术成功率、分流道通畅率、并发症发生率和手术死亡率分别为100%、100%、23.3%和3.3%,B组则分别为86.7%、80.8%、23.3%和3.3%.术后随访,A组分流道阻塞、出血复发、肝性脑病的发生率和5年生存率分别为27.6%、6.9%、24.1%和79.3%,B组则为5.0%、8.0%、8.0%和80.0%.结论:TIPS加断流术与脾肾分流加断流术均能有效地控制食管静脉曲张出血,前者特别适用于急性出血的治疗,后者具持久的分流道通畅率.     

选择性分流术在门静脉高压症外科治疗中的应用

上消化道出血是门静脉高压症患者最严重的并发症 ,一旦发生大出血 ,死亡率高达 30 %～ 5 0 %。如未能及时、合理治疗 ,常在 6周内又复发大出血 ,死亡率又将增加 2 0 %～ 30 %。目前 ,外科手术仍是其主要治疗手段。手术方法主要有分流术和断流术两大类。分流术有全门体分流术、部分门体分流术和选择性分流术三类。而选择性分流术包括远端脾肾分流术 (Ｗａｒｒｅｎ手术 )、远端脾腔分流术和胃冠状静脉 腔静脉分流术 (冠腔分流术 )等。选择性分流术的理论依据 :①传统的门体分流术能有效地防治食管胃底曲张静脉出血 ,但术后肝性脑病发病率高 ;…     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.