鼻内窥镜下经咽鼓管咽口注药治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎119例

【目的】探讨在内窥镜下经咽鼓管咽口注入药物治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的疗效。【方法】慢性分泌性中耳炎患者119例(184耳),男性78例、女性41例,平均年龄38.7(6~68)岁。34例(68耳)患者中18例确诊腺样体肥大,16例变应性鼻炎,34例患者经咽鼓管仅灌注一次药物治愈;33例(40耳)患者为慢性鼻窦炎,鼻息肉或鼻中隔偏曲,清除鼻咽和咽鼓管口的脓性分泌物,经咽鼓管咽口灌注药物2~4次;51例(76耳)鼻咽癌放疗后的患者,先行鼻咽部瘢痕松解、脓痂清除及咽鼓负管咽口扩张注药6~9次。【结果】腺样体肥大和变应性鼻炎34例患者一次性注药恢复正常,仅1例注药2次;33例慢性鼻窦炎,鼻息肉或鼻中隔偏曲患者中25例一次治疗完全康复,8例患者经2~4次治疗后康复;52例鼻咽癌放疗后的患者须经反复注药6~9次治疗才痊愈。【结论】因鼻腔、鼻窦、鼻咽病变导致慢性分泌性中耳炎,在治疗原发疾病的同时,经咽鼓管咽口置管注药是治疗最为有效的方法。此方法创伤小、痛苦轻、疗效好。     

咽鼓管吹张术后导管给药治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探讨经咽鼓管鼓室注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将70例(84耳)分泌性中耳炎患者按随机数字表法分为2组:对照组38例(42耳),仅行咽鼓管吹张术;注药组32例(42耳)行咽鼓管吹张后经导管向鼓室内注入甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠20 mg,2周为一疗程,比较2组的疗效。结果对照组42耳显效22耳,有效11耳,无效9耳,有效率为78.6%;注药组42耳显效28耳,有效12耳,无效2耳,有效率为95.2%,注药组有效率高于对照组(χ2=5.12,P<0.05)。结论经咽鼓管吹张术后导管给药治疗分泌性中耳炎视野清晰,操作简单易掌握,准确率及成功率高,不破坏鼓膜解剖生理结构的优点,无后遗症。患者无明显的不适感,容易接受。     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张给药治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的观察鼻内镜电视监视下咽鼓管吹张给药治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效,并探讨分析分泌性中耳炎的发病机制。方法对分泌性中耳炎患者67例(71耳)采取鼻内镜下咽鼓管检查、吹张及注药进行治疗,并进行疗效评价。结果治愈率60.56%(43/71),好转率22.54%(16/71),无效率16.90%(12/71);总有效率为83.10%(59/71)。结论鼻内镜下咽鼓管吹张给药有利于听力提高和咽鼓管功能恢复,是治疗分泌性中耳炎的有效方法。     

鼻内镜在鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎中的应用

目的 探讨鼻内镜在鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎治疗中的应用价值。方法 对47例68耳放疗后确诊为分泌性中耳炎的患者，在鼻内镜下清除鼻咽脓痂，鼻咽冲洗，分离咽鼓管咽口粘连，咽鼓管导管吹张，鼓膜穿刺、切开，鼓室置管等。结果 随访1年后，47例存活39例，存活患者中分泌性中耳炎治疗的有效率为89．1％。结论 鼻内镜是治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎较为理想的辅助工具。     

纤维镜下咽鼓管吹张注药治疗分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

咽鼓管阻塞及功能不良，是导致许多中耳疾病的重要原因。分泌性中耳炎是耳鼻咽喉科门诊常见疾病，传统针对性治疗主要有咽鼓管导管吹张术，鼓膜穿刺抽液及鼓膜切开置管术等。我科近年来采用纤维镜下行咽鼓管吹张注药治疗分泌性中耳炎患者110例，疗效满意，报告如下。     

多媒体纤维喉镜下行咽鼓管扩张注药术18例25耳疗效观察

我科2003—07以来应用日本产潘太克斯多媒体纤维喉镜直视下行咽鼓管吹张、扩张、注药术治疗分泌性中耳炎后期咽鼓管阻塞18例25耳，疗效较满意，现总结如下。     

鼻内镜下逆行咽鼓管插管盐酸溴己新 注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨咽鼓管插管行鼓室冲洗、盐酸溴己新注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效.方法 对56例(89耳)分泌性中耳炎患者采取逆行咽鼓管插管37℃盐水冲洗、盐酸溴己新注药并留置.观察耳闷、耳鸣症状,鼓室像,语言区听力恢复情况及与病程的关系.结果 全部病例89耳经1～3次治疗后,治愈59(66.4％),有效15耳(16.8％),无效15耳(16.8％).治愈率66.4％,总有效率83.2％.病史小于半年者,治愈率明显高于半年以上者.随着治疗次数的增加,治愈率和有效率逐渐降低.结论 咽鼓管插管行鼓室冲洗、盐酸溴己新注药是治疗分泌性中耳炎安全有效的方法.     

应用漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管提高鼻咽癌患者放射治疗后听力功能

目的 探讨应用漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗鼻咽癌(Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma，NPC)放射治疗(简称放疗)后分泌性中耳炎，改善其听力功能的临床应用价值。方法在鼻内镜直视下将漂浮导管导入咽鼓管内扩张咽鼓管，治疗19例(32耳)鼻咽癌放疗后咽鼓管阻塞引起的分泌性中耳炎。结果32耳鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎，应用漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗后，经12—18个月的随访，有效率为56.25％(18／32)。结论 应用漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎，有助于提高患的听力功能。     

电子鼻咽喉镜咽鼓管置管治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨电子鼻咽喉镜下咽鼓管置管治疗分泌性中耳炎的方法及疗效.方法 在电子鼻咽喉镜下经咽鼓管向鼓室方向置入硬脊膜外麻醉导管,留置7d,隔天注入空气及地塞米松与糜蛋白酶混合液0.5～1mL.随访3～18个月.结果 共治疗138耳,治愈71耳(51.45%),有效49耳(35.51%),无效18耳(13.04%),有效率86.96%.结论 电子鼻咽喉镜下咽鼓管置管治疗分泌性中耳炎,操作简便,效果可靠,无明显并发症.     

电子鼻咽喉镜下经咽鼓管内注射地塞米松磷酸钠在分泌性中耳炎中的临床研究

目的 探讨电子鼻咽喉镜下经咽鼓管内注射地塞米松磷酸钠治疗分泌性中耳炎患者的临床效果.方法 选取山东省聊城市东昌府人民医院2019年5月至2020年5月收治的分泌性中耳炎患者90例,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组45例.对照组患者接受鼓膜穿刺鼓室内注射地塞米松治疗,试验组患者则接受电子鼻咽喉镜下经咽鼓管内注射地...     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.