胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的治疗

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎已被视为胰腺癌的癌前病变,并且可以导致胰管、胆管及十二指肠梗阻,其与胰头癌的鉴别诊断困难,然而二者的预后截然不同。因此,胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎一旦诊断明确即应积极手术治疗,以切除病变,缓解疼痛症状,改善病人的生活质量。胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的手术方式是直接针对胰头的,不同的手术方法包括胰十二指肠切除术（保留或不保留幽门的Whipple 手术）和保留十二指肠的胰头切除术（Beger手术及其改良术式）。手术方式尽可能采用胰十二指肠切除术,不仅切除了胰头部肿块、解除了胆道、胰管及十二指肠的梗阻,而且也去除了胰头癌的潜在病因;如胰头肿块巨大,行胰十二指肠切除术有极大风险,可考虑行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术。     

胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎诊断与治疗

胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎从临床表现上很难与胰头癌相鉴别,目前已将发生于胰头部的肿块型慢性胰腺炎视为胰腺癌发生的癌前病变。影像学检查在肿块型慢性胰腺炎诊断中起着重要作用,对于手术指征的掌握、胰头部肿块的可切除性、手术方式的选择以及手术困难程度的估计很有帮助。胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的手术方式是直接针对胰头的,不同的手术方法包括胰十二指肠切除术（保留或不保留幽门的Whipple手术）和胰头部分切除加胰管引流术（Frey 手术,Beger 手术）。胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎一旦诊断明确即应积极手术治疗,手术方式尽可能采用胰十二指肠切除术,因为它不仅切除了胰头部肿块、解除了胆道和胰管及十二指肠的梗阻,而且也去除了胰头癌的潜在病因;如胰头肿块巨大,行胰十二指肠切除有极大风险,可考虑行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术。     

胰头十二指肠切除治疗慢性胰腺炎

目的探讨胰头十二指肠切除术在胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎诊治中可行性。方法回顾分析18例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎行胰头十二指肠切除术的临床资料。结果手术方式包括：Whipple法3例,Child法11例,保留十二指肠水平段胰头十二指肠切除术法4例;平均手术时间5．5±0．68h,平均出血量400±125ml;手术并发症：胆漏、胰漏2例,左膈下积液2例,肺部感染1例,其中死亡1例为胰漏伴感染出血,发生率占27．7％;平均住院日27．3±3d。结论肿块型慢性胰腺炎行胰头十二指肠切除术效果确切,是可行的,但有一定的风险。     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎8例报道

目的分析胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头癌的鉴别诊断,并选择有效的手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2014年1月期间8例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者的临床病理资料。患者术前行血液肿瘤标志物等检测,肝胆胰彩色多普勒超声、CT强化、MRI、MRCP等影像学检查。结果 8例患者中有长期饮酒或酗酒史4例,既往急性胰腺炎病史5例,慢性胆囊炎病史3例,胆囊结石2例。主要症状为不同程度的黄疸6例和左上腹疼痛5例。术前血清化验高血糖4例,胆红素持续性增高6例,CA19-9增高5例,CEA增高2例(同时CA19-9增高)。影像学检查均提示胰头部肿块。行标准的胰十二指肠切除术6例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术2例。8例患者术中均行细针穿刺多点细胞学检查提示慢性胰腺炎变化,术后病理均为慢性胰腺炎。术前CA19-9、CEA单独或共同升高患者于术后1周复查CA19-9、CEA均降至正常水平。所有患者术后均未出现胰漏、胆汁漏等严重并发症,黄疸和腹痛均缓解。1例保留十二指肠的胰头切除术后3个月出现间断性呕吐,上消化道造影显示十二指肠重度狭窄,再次手术探查发现十二指肠挛缩,以降段明显,行胃空肠吻合,症状缓解。患者术后定期门诊复查率为100%,随访时间1~6年,所有患者均未出现肿块复发、黄疸、腹痛等。结论胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎和胰头癌患者虽均以黄疸和腹痛为主要症状,但其特点不同,前者轻微、波动性、间歇性,后者持续并渐进性加重;了解既往病史对鉴别二者有一定意义;CA19-9、CEA作为鉴别胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰头癌意义不大,对胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者术中行胰头部肿块细针多点穿刺活检,首选保留十二指肠胰头切除术,胰头肿块与周围血管粘连重呈浸润性改变患者需行胰十二指肠切除术。     

胰头肿块型胰腺炎的诊断与治疗

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎从临床表现上很难与胰头癌相鉴别,影像学检查在肿块型慢性胰腺炎诊断中起重要作用,对于手术指征的掌握、胰头部肿块的可切除性、手术方式的选择以及手术困难程度的估计很有帮助.目前已将发生于胰头的肿块型慢性胰腺炎视为胰腺癌发生的癌前病变.胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的手术方式是直接针对胰头的,不同的手术方法包括:胰十二指肠切除术(保留或不保留幽门)和胰头部分切除(Beger手术)加胰管引流术(Frey手术).胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎一旦诊断明确即应积极手术治疗,手术方式尽可能采用胰十二指肠切除术,因为它不仅切除了胰头肿块、解除了胆道和胰管及十二指肠的梗阻,而且也去除了胰头癌的潜在病因;若胰头肿块巨大胰十二指肠切除有极大风险,可考虑保留十二指肠的胰头切除术.     

胰头占位性病变的诊断与治疗

目的 总结胰头占位性病变的诊断与治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年4月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的247例胰头占位性病变患者的临床资料.术前均行胰腺增强CT和(或)胰腺MRI等影像学检查.血清学检查包括AFP、CA19-9、CA125、CEA,对于怀疑自身免疫性胰腺炎的患者检查血清IgG4.临床诊断为胰头癌、胰头肿块、肿块型胰腺炎的患者行术中病理学检查.胰头癌根据肿瘤的分期及浸润程度选择胰十二指肠切除术、扩大的胰十二指肠切除术或胆肠吻合和(或)胃肠吻合术.肿块型慢性胰腺炎在患者及家属充分了解并同意的前提下选择行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术或胰十二指肠切除术.胰腺良性及低度恶性肿瘤应在肿瘤完整切除的基础上尽量保留肿瘤周围的组织和器官,行个体化治疗.结果 胰头实性占位性病变194例,其中胰头癌125例、胰头肿块45例、肿块型慢性胰腺炎9例、自身免疫性胰腺炎11例,胰岛素瘤4例;胰头囊性占位性病变53例,其中黏液性囊腺瘤12例、浆液性囊腺瘤8例、胰腺囊肿17例、实性假乳头状瘤12例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例.病理学检查确诊胰腺癌的71例患者术前肿瘤系列检查阳性率分别为:AFP为7.0％ (5/71)、CA19-9为94.4％ (67/71)、CA125为42.3％(30/71)、CEA为0.12例肿块型慢性胰腺炎肿瘤系列检查阳性率分别为:AFP为1/12、CA19-9为4/12、CA125为1/12、CEA为0.119例患者进行手术治疗获得病理学诊断,其中胰头癌71例、肿块型慢性胰腺炎7例、胰岛素瘤4例、胰腺结核1例,黏液性囊腺瘤8例、浆液性囊腺瘤4例、胰腺假性囊肿6例、巨大淋巴管瘤1例、淋巴上皮囊肿1例、实性假乳头状瘤12例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例.247例胰头占位性病变患者中,61例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术,4例行胰头、胰颈部切除术,2例行钩突部分切除术,9例行肿瘤摘除术,38例行胆肠吻合和(或)胃肠吻合术,22例行ERCP+内支架治疗,18例行PTCD+内支架治疗,1例行剖腹探查,88例未行治疗.结论 胰头占位性病变的临床诊断及鉴别诊断主要依靠病史、临床表现、实验室检查及超声、CT、MRI检查.根据肿瘤性质、疾病种类个体化制订手术方案,对胰头良性及低度恶性的肿瘤应行个体化治疗,在肿瘤完整切除的基础上尽量保留肿瘤周围的组织和器官,术中病理学诊断有利于手术方案的选择.     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊治

目的 分析胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床特点,提高对胰头部肿块型胰腺炎诊断和鉴别诊断能力.方法 对73例术前诊断为胰头或壶腹周围恶性肿瘤而作胰十二指肠切除术的临床、病理资料回顾性分析.结果 术后病理检查共发现良性病变17例,其中慢性胰腺炎12例、胰腺囊腺瘤恶变1例、十二指肠乳头状腺瘤2例、胆总管下段炎性狭窄2例.良性病变占整个胰十二指肠切除术病例的23.3%.结论 多种方法联合使用有助于正确诊断,术中穿刺活检作冰冻切片病理检查是鉴别良恶性病变的最有效方法;对于术前临床诊断为胰腺癌,术中无充分证据否定诊断的,我们主张行胰十二指肠切除术.     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎15例诊治体会

目的 探讨胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断和外科术式的选择.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月-2011年12月15例胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的病例资料.结果 15例患者均行手术治疗,12例行胰十二指肠切除手术,1例行Frey手术,1例行胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例行胆总管十二指肠侧侧吻合.发生术后并发症2例,1例发生胆瘘和坏疽性胆囊炎;另1例为急性心肌梗死;其余13例患者术后恢复顺利,多于术后2周内痊愈出院.术后病理诊断12例为慢性胰腺炎,3例为胰腺癌.结论 本病主要症状为腹痛;CT是首选检查方法,术前难以判断胰头肿块性质;建议早期手术治疗,手术方式尽可能地采用胰十二指肠切除术.     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎

胰头肿块慢性胰腺炎术前易误诊为胰头癌,术中发现胰头部肿块,行胰十二指肠切除,经标本病理检查方确诊为慢性胰腺炎.我院于1990年1月～1997年5月曾对术前疑诊为胰头癌134例进行了手术切除,标本病理检查确诊15例为慢性胰腺炎,列为术前误诊病例.由于胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床表现与胰头癌有许多相似之处.给两者的鉴别诊断带来了不少困难,经病例分析下列病情有助于胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的诊断:1.发病年龄较轻,本组的平均年龄较胰头癌低11岁(44.2:59.4岁);2.黄疸程度较浅,血清胆红素低于170μmol/L,经内科治疗可以减退;3.入院前病期较长,平均为17.2个月,而胰头癌为2.2个月;4CA19-9测定,凡CA19-9值     

假瘤样胰腺炎的诊断及处理：附8例报告

为探讨假瘤样胰腺炎的诊断和处理，对１９９０～１９９７年间手术治疗的８例假瘤样胰腺炎进行了回顾性分析。患者均表现为胰腺局部占位性病变，行剖腹探查术。２例胰头部肿块行胰十二指肠切除术（Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ手术），１例尾部肿块行胰尾加脾切除术，３例头体部肿块伴有胆总管扩张梗阻性黄疸者行胆总管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术，２例胰头部肿块无黄疸者行胆总管切开、Ｔ管引流术，术后病理检查均为炎症性改变。随诊结果显示：患者黄疸消退、肿块缩小、临床症状好转。结果表明：慢性局灶性胰腺炎不能排除恶性病变者宜行肿块切除术。胰腺炎性肿块伴有胆总管扩张、梗阻性黄疸者可行内引流术，无黄疸者可行外引流术     

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??Diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis with mass in the head of the pancreas ZHANG Zhong-tao, YIN Jie.Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China Corresponding author: ZHANG Zhong-tao, E-mail: zhangzht@medmail. com.cn Abstract Chronic pancreatitis (CP) with mass and pancreatic cancer are difficult to identify from the Clinical performance. At present, we have the CP with mass as a precancerous lesion of pancreatic cancer. Imaging methods in the diagnosis of the CP with mass plays an important role, which is very helpful for the Indications for surgery of the hands, of resectable pancreatic head tumor, and surgical options, as well as estimates of the difficulty of the surgery. Surgical strategy in CP with mass has been directed at the pancreatic head with a variety of tactics including pancreatoduodenectomy(Whipple procedure with or without pylorus preservation) and partial resection of the pancreatic duct drainage(Frey operation, Beger operation ). Once the diagnosis of the CP with mass should be clear that the surgical treatment, pancreatoduodenectomy is preformed in the treatment of CP with mass, not only resection of the pancreatic head mass, the lifting of the bile duct and pancreatic duct and obstruction of the duodenum, but also in addition to the potential causes of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatoduodenectomy is great risk When the great mass of pancreatic head, but the partial head resection can be accomplished with relative safety.     

Frey operation--valuable alternative in the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis

The "golden standard" of the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis with an inflammatory mass in the head of the pancreas seems to be the duodenum preserving resection of the head of the pancreas as described by Beger. However, in some cases, the inflammatory process may induce an encasement of the retropancreatic intestinal vessels making the dissection of the portal vein very difficult. The local resection of the head of the pancreas combined with longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (Frey operation) was developed in order to provide a simple and less time consuming procedure, that avoids the dissection of the portal vein and is especially indicated in cases with severe inflammatory and edematous alterations of the head of the pancreas at this level and with dilated pancreatic duct. Two patients with chronic pancreatitis with severe pain, addiction to analgesics and weight loss underwent a Frey procedure. In both patients an inflammatory mass in the head of the pancreas and dilated pancreatic duct were demonstrated. The freeing of the head of the pancreas from the portal vein was not possible because of the intense inflammatory process. The local resection of the pancreatic head and the longitudinal pancreatico-jejunostomy was successfully performed. There were no postoperative mortality or morbidity and the short and long term results (pain relief and nutritional status) are excellent.     

23例胰头肿块型胰腺炎的诊治分析

目的 总结分析胰头肿块型胰腺炎的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析我院1983年5月至2001年10月收治的245例慢性胰腺炎病例，总结其中23例因胰头上位术前难以与胰腺癌进行鉴别而行胰十二指肠切除术病人的病例资料。结果 本组中有饮酒史者16例，慢性胆囊炎史5例，特发性1例，工作中长期接触有毒气体者1例。因梗阻性黄疸入院者14例，另9例因主诉腹痛入院，病程小于2年者19例，大于2年者14例。诊断方法包括肿瘤标记物，B超，CT，ERCP和血管造影。23例病人术中探查均显示肿物位于胰头，与周围组织粘连严重，其中3例与门静脉有粘连，但尚能剥离，而术后病理均为慢性胰腺炎。结论 目前尚无特异性好和敏感性高的有效鉴别诊断方法区分慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌，分子生物学进展对此有一定帮助，增强CT结合ERCP对大部分病例的鉴别诊断具有较高的价值。由于酒精性胰腺炎已经被认为是癌前病变，对于胰头肿块型胰腺炎行胰十二指肠切除术已经逐渐被接受。     

Utility of preoperative dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas in diagnosing tumor-forming pancreatitis that mimics pancreatic cancer: Report of a case

The differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and tumor-forming pancreatitis remains difficult, and this situation can cause serious problems because the management and prognosis of these two focal pancreatic masses are entirely different. We herein report a case of tumor-forming pancreatitis that mimics pancreatic carcinoma in an 80-year-old woman. Computed tomography showed a solid mass in the head of the pancreas, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a complete obstruction of the main pancreatic duct in the head of the pancreas. Dynamic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a time-signal intensity curve (TIC) with a slow rise to a peak (1 min after the administration of the contrast material), followed by a slow decline at the pancreatic mass, indicating a fibrotic pancreas. Under the diagnosis of tumor-forming pancreatitis, the patient underwent a segmental pancreatectomy instead of a pancreaticoduodenectomy. The histopathology of the pancreatic mass was chronic pancreatitis without malignancy. The pancreatic TIC obtained from dynamiccontrast MRI can be helpful to differentiate tumor-forming pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma and to avoid any unnecessary major pancreatic surgery.     

Surgical aspects of histologically unproven space-occupying lesions of the pancreas head

A suspected, but unproved malignant tumor in the head of the pancreas is a fairly common problem for surgeon. Even intraoperatively, differentiation between chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma is difficult. We try to give guidelines about what can be done with a pancreas head mass intraoperatively without previous cytology or histology. When do we have to achieve definite diagnosis at all costs, and how can we achieve it? Results of 40 intraoperative aspiration cytologies, performed for suspected pancreatic cancer were analysed. All of them were controlled by histology in the resected specimen. Intraoperative biopsy was false negative in 12.5% and the diagnosis was uncertain in 35%. These data show that a benign result by itself never excludes the presence of malignancy. If pathology will alter our decision about resection, all efforts should be made to confirm the diagnosis. On the other hand, in a case of a mass lesion with obstructive symptoms, cytology does not alter the need for surgical decompression, and some kind of resection is a reasonable option, even in case of chronic pancreatitis. Nihilistic approach in the case of pancreatic head mass with suspected but unproved malignancy is not justified. Pancreatoduodenectomy should be performed for all tumors even without histologic confirmation if an experienced team can perform it with low postoperative morbidity and mortality.     

The duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas in patients with pancreas divisum

Summary. In 1–6 % of the patients who are investigated by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography a pancreas divisum can be found. In some patients pancreas divisum can lead to an acute relapsing and finally chronic pancreatitis (CP). Surgical intervention in these cases seems to offer a good chance of recovery. We report our experience with the duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas in 12 patients with pancreas divisum and CP. In all patients the preoperative evaluation showed clinical, functional or radiological signs of CP. The duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas was carried out in all patients without perioperative mortality. Ten postoperative versus eight preoperative patients showed a pathological exocrine function of the pancreas. Endocrine function, measured by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), improved postoperatively in two patients. Eleven patients who were investigated after a mean follow-up time of 31 months (3–75 months) were completely pain free. No late mortality occurred. OGTT revealed a diabetic endocrine function in two patients. Disturbed exocrine pancreatic function had to be substituted in nine patients. One patient had to be reoperated by duct incision and renewal of the pancreatico-jejunostomy 10 months after the first operation. In conclusion, the duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas reduced pain in all patients with pancreas divisum and CP and may lead to an improvement of endocrine pancreatic function. Other, nonresecting procedures or endoscopic interventional therapy should be avoided in these patients.      

以胰腺肿块为特征的慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗

目的 总结以胰腺肿块为特征的慢性胰腺炎的诊治经验. 方法回顾分析1999年6月至2009年6月28例外科治疗的肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床病理资料. 结果 28例肿块型慢性胰腺炎术前诊断为胰腺癌19例,慢性胰腺炎9例,针吸活检和/或术后病理证实均为慢性胰腺炎;临床表现包括上腹痛22例,黄疸15例,十二指肠梗阻4例.手术方式包括胰十二指肠切除术17例,胆肠吻合3例,胰肠吻合1例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术4例,胰体尾切除3例.本组无手术死亡病例,术后发症包括胰漏2例,重度胃瘫2例,应激性胃溃疡大出血1例.所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6月至5年,7例2年后腹痛复发;术后8月、2年各发现癌变1例.结论 肿块型慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌术前鉴别困难,针吸活检是做出正确诊断的有效手段,但仍有漏/误诊的可能.需根据不同病情选择合理术式.     

保留十二指肠的胰头切除术治疗胰腺分隔症并发慢性胰腺炎的疗效分析

目的探讨保留十二指肠的胰头切除术对胰腺分隔症并发慢性胰腺炎的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析 1989～ 1997年间 2 2例胰腺分隔症并发慢性胰腺炎患者接受保留十二指肠的胰头切除术的临床资料。结果本组术后平均住院时间为 13d ,无手术死亡 ,无严重并发症发生。术后随访 33个月 ,胰腺内分泌功能无明显变化 ,部分患者外分泌功能受损 ,腹痛分数由术前的 5 8± 1 1降为 3 4± 1 2 (P <0 0 5 )。结论保留十二指肠的胰头切除术是一种治疗胰腺分隔症并发慢性胰腺炎的理想手术     

胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的处理对策

近年来,随着对胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的形成机制及其与胰腺癌关系的认识不断深入,大型胰腺治疗中心手术安全性也不断提高,胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的处理有朝着积极手术干预方向发展的趋势。术前对胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的鉴别诊断不断进步,对于术前EUS活组织病理检查阴性,诊断困难的患者,术中Tru—cut组织芯活组织病理检查正越来越多地被应用,其对决定胰头部肿块进行合适的手术方式有重要作用。外科医师应通过不断改进处理策略,尽可能在保证患者治疗效果的前提下,使患者的受益最大化。