利多卡因在小儿咽部手术后拔管中的应用

目的探讨利多卡因气管内给药对咽部手术患者全麻结束后拔管时呛咳反应的抑制预防作用。方法选择择期全麻扁桃体腺样体切除手术患儿40例，随机分成A．B两组，每组20例，具备拔管指征前5分钟，A组用2％的盐酸利多卡因1．5mg／kg由气管内滴药，B组不作任何处理，观察气管拔管时呛咳的发生率、心率、血压、血氧饱和度的变化。结果A组拔管时呛咳发生率为10％（2／20）B组呛咳率为75％（15／20），A组拔管前5分时呛咳、喉反射，心率、血氧饱和度与术前相比无显著性差异，B组心率较术前明显增快，呛咳、恶心、烦躁症状明显，结论盐酸利多卡因气管导管内滴药可减轻全麻结束后的喉部反射。     

利多卡因经连表麻型气管导管气管内给药或静脉注射抑制气管拔管反应的比较

目的 比较利多卡因经连表麻型气管导管给药或静脉注射抑制气管拔管反应的效果.方法 90例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,择期全麻手术患者,随机分为3组:利多卡因气管内给药组(A组)、利多卡因静脉给药组(B组)、盐水对照组(C组).A组经连表麻型气管导管注射2%利多卡因1mg/kg,静脉注射同等容量生理盐水;B组静脉注射2%利多卡因1mg/kg,经连表麻气管导管注射同等容量生理盐水;C组经气管导管和静脉均按0.05ml/kg(相当于2%利多卡因1mg/kg容量)注射生理盐水.记录给药前、拔管前、拔管后0、1、3、5、10分钟时心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)变化.结果 A组拔管后各时点HR、MAP较给药前变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);拔管后5分钟、10分钟B组HR较A组快(P<0.05);C组拔管后各时点MAP、HR明显升高,与给药前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组拔管后各时点HR、MAP均比C组高(P<0.05).结论 经连表麻型气管导管气管内给予利多卡因能有效抑制拔管期的血流动力学波动及呛咳反应,较利多卡因静脉给药效果更佳.     

舒泰用于全麻气管插管的效果观察

目的观察舒泰用于全麻气管插管时患者心血管反应和对气管导管的耐受性。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期气管插管全麻手术患者每组40例。A组气管导管表面涂抹舒泰,B组气管导管表面涂抹石蜡油。分别于停全麻药时(T1)、手术结束时(T2)、患者首次出现体动时(T3)、睁眼或唤之睁眼时(T4)及拔管时(T5)测定和记录HR、MAP,并记算出相邻两测定点间的时间。观察患者呛咳发生率。结果A组患者在T2~T3间的时间长于B组(P<0.05),A组患者耐受导管的时间(T2~T3)明显延长。B组患者的HR、MAP在T3、T4及T5时均高于A组(P<0.05)。苏醒和拔管期呛咳发生率A组明显低于B组(P<0.05)。结论气管导管表面涂抹舒泰能使97.5%的患者术毕清醒时保持一定程度气管刺激反应抑制,有助于减轻拔管反应,并且增加了拔管后的安全性。     

气管内表面麻醉抑制腹腔镜胆囊切除术毕拔管呛咳反应的效果观察

目的:观察全麻诱导插管前气管内表面麻醉(表麻),对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)毕拔管呛咳反应的抑制作用效果.方法:选择全麻LC病人60例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为表麻组和对照组各30例.以咪唑安定0.1mg/kg、芬太尼0.02mg/kg、维库溴铵0.15mg/kg、丙泊酚2mg/kg麻醉诱导气管内插管,七氟烷吸入维持麻醉,手术结束前5分钟停止吸入七氟烷.插管前喉镜显露声门时表麻组经喉麻管注射2%利多卡因5ml,对照组以同样方法注射生理盐水5ml.手术结束拔出气管导管时,记录拔管期呛咳反应及其伴随的血压、心率变化.呛咳为间断单声或连续两声一次之内,呼吸平稳无屏气为抑制呛咳满意;呛咳为连续三声及以上的呛咳或出现屏气为不满意.结果:表麻组和对照组拔管呛咳反应抑制满意分别为27例和4例,两组间比较筹异有非常显著意义(P<0.01).拔管呛咳反应抑制不满意病人均伴有明显血压、心率升高,对照组组内(术前与拔管时)比较和两组间(拔管时)比较差异均具有显著意义(P<0.05),表麻组组内(术前与拔管时)比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05).结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术全麻诱导插管前气管内表麻能有效抑制拔管期呛咳反应.     

利多卡因不同给药方式对全麻拔管时应激反应的影响

目的:探讨利多卡因不同给药方式对全麻拔管应激反应的影响。方法:选择择期手术全麻气管插管病人90例,随机分成3组,每组30例。Ⅰ组拔管时不经气管或静脉给予任何药物;组拔管前3～5min直接由气管导管内分两次注入2%利多卡因2mg/kg;Ⅱ组于吸引拔管前3～5min缓慢静注2%利多卡因2mg/kg。观察气管拔管前及拔管时呛咳的发生率和平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)的变化。结果:Ⅰ组呛咳发生率60.0%,Ⅱ组呛咳发生率6.7%,组为26.7%,组呛咳发生率明显低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。Ⅱ组拔管时MAP、HR增加最少,与Ⅰ和Ⅱ组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:利多卡因经气管内给药对减轻全麻结束拔管时的呛咳和对心血管反应有明显的预防作用。     

利多卡因对颅脑手术围拔管期不良反应的预防

目的 观察利多卡因应用方法不同对颅脑手术全麻围拔管期心立管反应和呛咳反应的预防作用。方法 选择拟施全麻开颅手术30例。随机分为3组。3组术前用药、全麻诱导、维持方法相同。用不同方法斡药物观察。结果 A组立压、心率无明显变化，呛咳不明显。B组血压、心率有明显变化，但呛咳不明显。C组吸痰拔管时，立压、心率变化显著(P＜0．01)，呛咳明显。结论 颅脑手术围拔管期静注配合气管内应用利多卡因预防心血管反应和呛咳反应的效果优于单纯静脉或气管内应用。     

小剂量氯胺酮、利多卡因气管内给药预防全麻拔管反应

目的 小剂量氯胺酮和利多卡因气管内联合给药预防全麻拔管期心血管反应的研究.方法 48例全麻患者随机分入C组(对照组)、K组(氯胺酮组)、L组(利多卡因组)和KL组(氯胺酮 利多卡因组),每组12例.自主呼吸频率＞12次/min、潮气量＞4ml/kg时给予气管内用药.记录术前、气管内给药前、拔管时、拔管后2、5分钟的SBP、DBP、HR,记录术后24h不良反应例数.结果 与C组比较,KL组的SBP在拔管后2min、HR在拔管即刻差别显著,P＜0.05;与气管内给药前比较,KL组和K组的SBP在拔管时差异显著,P＜0.05,在拔管后2min、5min特别显著,P＜0.01;KL组的HR在拔管即刻、2min、5min差别显著,P＜0.05;K组的HR在拔管后5min差别显著,P＜0.05.四组24h不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 小剂量氯胺酮、利多卡因气管内联合给药能抑制全麻拔管期的心血管反应.     

曲马多、利多卡因气管内用药预防全麻拔管心血管反应

目的 探讨曲马多和利多卡因经气管内联合给药预防吸入全麻气管拔管期心血管反应的疗效.方法 60例吸入全麻患者随机分入Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组(利多卡因组)、Ⅲ组(曲马多组)和Ⅳ组(曲马多+利多卡因组),每组15例.自主呼吸频率＞12次/min、潮气量＞4 ml/kg时给予气管内用药.记录术前、拔管时、拔管后2、5分钟的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR,记录术后发生躁动例数.结果 与对照组比较,利多卡因组的HR、曲马多组的MAP和曲马多+利多卡因组的HR、MAP在拔管即刻和拔管后2 min差别显著,P＜0.05;与术前比较,曲马多组的HR和对照组的HR、MAP在拔管即刻和拔管后2 min差别显著,P＜0.05,利多卡因组的MAP在拔管即刻差别显著,P＜0.05.四组躁动发生率差异显著,P＜0.05.结论 曲马多1 mg/kg和利多卡因1 mg/kg气管内联合给药能较好地控制吸入全麻气管拔管期的心血管反应.     

复方利多卡因预防气管插管及拔管应激反应的临床观察

目的:观察复方利多卡因气管表面麻醉在全麻气管插管及拔管时的临床效果.方法:选择60例患者(ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)随机分为A组(复方利多卡因乳膏组)、B组(利多卡因气管内喷雾组)、C组(对照组),采用丙泊酚、芬太尼诱导及维持麻醉,分别记录诱导前、插管后1 min、插管后5 min、拔管时及拔管后10 min的SBP、MAP、HR.结果:全麻气管插管时复方利多卡因乳膏组及利多卡因气管内喷雾组优于对照组(P<0.01),而拔管时复方利多卡因乳膏组优于利多卡因气管内喷雾组及对照组(P<0.01).结论:复方利多卡因乳膏预防气管插管及拔管时的应激反应安全有效.     

复方利多卡因乳膏预防全麻下声带息肉摘除术拔管反应的临床观察

目的 观察复方利多卡因乳膏对支撑喉镜下行声带息肉摘除术患者全麻苏醒期反应的防治作用.方法 40例择期全麻下行支撑喉镜下声带息肉摘除术患者,随机分为两组,每组20例.L组插管前在气管导管前1/3均匀涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏1～2 g,C组用生理盐水润滑气管导管前1/3.两组麻醉诱导和维持用药相同.观察麻醉诱导前(T0)、吸痰时(T1)、拔管时(T2)、拔管后2 min(T3)、拔管后5 min(T4)的HR和SBP、DBP;拔出气管导管前做套囊充气放气试验2～3次,观察患者有无呛咳反应,观察拔管后患者屏气和躁动发生情况.结果 与C组相比,L组的HR、SBP、DBP在T1～T3时点明显降低(P＜0.05).C组患者出现呛咳反应的发生率明显高于L组(P＜0.01),屏气反应和术后躁动的发生率也高于L组(P＜0.05).结论 复方利多卡因乳膏可以减轻支撑喉镜下行声带息肉摘除术患者全麻苏醒期的拔管反应.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.