手术治疗97例胰头癌疗效分析

目的:分析手术治疗胰头癌的疗效并进一步探讨胰头癌手术指征及术式选择.方法:回顾性分析2000～2004年间我科手术治疗的97例胰头癌患者的临床资料.结果:97例患者中行单纯胰十二指肠切除术(Pancreatoduodenectomy,PD)41例,联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉(PV/SMV)切除的胰十二指肠切除术13例,其余43例均行姑息性胆肠内引流术.行姑息性切除患者均于1年内死亡,单纯胰十二指肠切除组1年及3年生存率分别为58.5%和26.8%,联合血管切除组1年及3年生存率分别为53.8%和23.1%.结论:根治性切除是目前所有治疗措施中能够达到治愈的唯一手段,在严格把握手术适应症的前提下开展联合血管切除的的根治术可提高根治性切除率及术后生存率.     

胰头癌扩大切除术和传统切除术的临床比较

目的探讨胰头癌扩大切除术对长期生存率及手术相关并发症发生率和死亡率的影响.方法采用回顾性临床对照研究,将93例实施胰十二指肠切除的胰头癌患者按是否行扩大切除分为传统胰十二指肠切除术组(n=51)和扩大胰十二指肠切除术组(n=42),比较两者的长期生存率、手术并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率.结果传统胰十二指肠切除术组和扩大胰十二指肠切除术组的手术并发症发生率分别为19.61%和16.67%,围手术期死亡率分别为3.92%和2.38%,1年生存率分别为58.82%和63.33%,2年生存率分别为20.59%和23.33%,差异均无显著性(P均＞0.05).结论扩大胰十二指肠切除术并未增加手术并发症发生率和死亡率,但是否可提高长期生存率尚需大样本研究.     

胰头癌根治性切除术疗效观察

目的 观察胰头癌根治性切除术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析76例胰头癌患者的临床资料及外科疗效.结果 本组行根治性切除45例,姑息性手术11例.无手术死亡.根治性切除术病例组术后发生并发症7例(15.6%),姑息性手术病例组术后发生并发症2例(18.2%),两组并发症发生率比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).术后随访1年,根治性切除术病例组中位生存期为11.7个月,存活＞1年者29例(64.4%);姑息性手术病例组中位生存期为6.1个月,存活＞1年者4例(36.4%).两组生存时间比较差异具有显著性(P＜0.01).结论 根治性切除术有利于提高胰头癌患者的术后生存率.     

胰十二指肠切除术和保留十二指肠的胰头切除术治疗慢性胰腺炎的临床疗效比较

目的针对病变主要集中于胰头的慢性胰腺炎,比较两种胰头切除手术——胰十二指肠切除术(包括传统术式和保留幽门的术式)和保留十二指肠的胰头切除术(包括不切开主胰管和切开主胰管的术式)的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性临床对照研究,将2001年1月至2007年5月我院收治并行各类胰头切除手术的41例慢性胰腺炎患者按手术方式分为胰十二指肠切除术组(n=19)和保留十二指肠的胰头切除术组(n=22),比较两种术式的疼痛缓解率、手术并发症发生率和住院时间长短等临床指标。结果胰十二指肠切除术组和保留十二指肠的胰头切除术组的疼痛总缓解率、疼痛完全缓解率分别为94%、84%和95%、81%(P>0.05);而两组的并发症发生率分别为21%和0%(P<0.01),术后平均住院时间分别为14d和8.5d(P<0.01)。结论针对胰头病变为主的慢性胰腺炎及其导致的并发症,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术与胰十二指肠切除术均具有良好的疼痛缓解率,但前者的手术创伤小、并发症少和住院时间更短,因此,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术可能更具有优势。     

腹膜后神经、淋巴结及软组织廓清在胰头癌胰十二指肠切除术中的意义

目的 探讨以腹膜后神经、淋巴结及软组织廓清为重点的胰头癌胰十二指肠根治性切除术的临床意义.方法 将浙江省人民医院1995年2月至2000年2月施行胰十二指肠切除术的21例胰头癌患者(常规组)和2000年2月至2005年2月施行以腹膜后神经、淋巴结及软组织廓清为重点的胰十二指肠根治性切除术的25例胰头癌患者(后腹膜廓清组)进行比较研究.两组患者在年龄、性别、术前危险因素方面差异无统计学意义,对两组的围手术期情况、病理资料、生存率进行对照分析.结果 两组患者的肿瘤大小方面差异无统计学意义,术中情况、术后并发症、住院时间差异亦无统计学意义,而后腹膜廓清组的淋巴结清扫数目及转移率和神经浸润转移率显著高于常规组(P<0.05),后腹膜廓清组的1、3年生存率分别为80%、52%,高于常规组.后腹膜廓清组中神经浸润阳性与阴性的生存率差异有统计学意义.结论 在胰头癌根治术中后腹膜神经、淋巴结及软组织廓清的应用,可以有效地清除癌组织浸润的神经、淋巴组织,减少术后局部复发的发生率,使远期生存率得到提高.     

胰头十二指肠切除术的治疗体会

目的提高胰头及壶腹部癌手术切除率,减少并发症及提高术后生存率。方法总结39例胰头十二指肠切除术的治疗经验。结果对39例胰头及壶腹部癌患者根据肿瘤不同分期行不同范围扩大切除及淋巴结清扫术,并行改良Child重建术。切除范围注重区域性整块切除,包括周围淋巴结清扫。消化道重建采用胰肠、胆肠端侧吻合。手术时间4.0～6.5h(平均4.6h),术中平均失血500ml,手术并发症发生率为23.1%。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为69.2%、46.2%、23.1%。结论胰头十二指肠切除术应由专业组人员完成。不同范围的清扫可降低肿瘤局部复发率。胰肠、胆肠端侧吻合操作不复杂,术后并发症发生率较低。     

腹膜后淋巴清扫对改善胰头癌患者预后的作用

目的探讨胰头癌切除联合腹膜后淋巴清扫对改善患者预后的作用.方法回顾性分析我院1994～1997年以标准胰十二指肠切除治疗的20例胰头癌患者(标准手术组),及1998～2002年以标准手术联合腹膜后淋巴清扫治疗的46例胰头癌患者(扩大根治组)的临床病理资料,比较两组患者术后合并症及生存期等临床指标的差异.结果扩大根治组患者标本内淋巴结数量大于标准手术组(P＜0.05),其腹膜后淋巴结阳性患者的比率为26.09%(12/46).标准手术组围手术期死亡1例,扩大根治组死亡2例.扩大根治组可见腹泻、淋巴漏等术后合并症,但两组术中输血量及术后合并症发生率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).标准手术组1、2及3年生存率分别为63.16%、31.58%及21.05%;扩大根治组分别为65.91%、37.71%及21.21%,两组相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).在淋巴结阳性患者中,标准手术组患者的1、2及3年生存率分别为41.67%、16.67%及8.33%;扩大根治组分别为64.52%、32.26%及12.9%;两组1～2年的生存率差异有显著性(P＜0.05),3年生存率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论胰头癌切除联合腹膜后淋巴清扫未增加术后合并症,可改善患者的近期预后,对患者远期生存无显著作用.     

保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围癌临床探讨

目的 总结采用留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术 (PPPD)治疗的壶腹周围癌患者的生存情况 ,探讨PP PD的手术彻底性。 方法 将47例PPPD与同期127例经典的胰十二指肠切除术 (PD)作对照研究 ,分析两组患者的术后生存率。 结果 PPPD组与PD组术后并发症发生率分别为34.0 %和27.6% ,差别无显著性意义 (P>0.05) ;中位生存时间分别为31个月和29个月 ;两组生存率曲线比较差别无显著性意义 (P>0.05) ;术后5年生存率分别为38.1%和31.0% ,差别无显著性意义 (P>0.05) ;其中的胰头癌患者 ,5年生存率分别为15.7 %和21.2 % ,差别也无显著性意义 (P>0.05) ;同时发现 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肿瘤患者的5年生存率为46.5% ,而Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤患者的5年生存率仅为4.6% ,两者差别有显著性意义 (P<0.01)。结论 对于无明显胰外浸润转移的胰头癌及壶腹部癌患者可施行PPPD     

胃癌侵及胰头、十二指肠的根治性手术治疗

目的探讨胃癌侵及胰头、十二指肠的根治性手术治疗效果。方法对2004年7月～2010年3月我科共收治的侵及胰头、十二指肠的胃癌患者110例进行手术治疗,其中56例行根治性切除及胰十二指肠切除术,其余行胃癌姑息切除术。结果全部病例无1例死亡,其中行根治性切除及胰十二指肠切除术者,并发症发生率26．8％;行胃癌姑息手术者,并发症发生率22．2％。胃癌根治术切除率Bonmann Ⅰ型者最高;所有患者均进行术后随访6～72个月,行胃癌根治术者,生存率明显提高,三年生存率73．2％,而行胃癌姑息术者仅5．6％。结论可对侵及胰头、十二指肠的胃癌患者适当开展胃癌根治术及胰十二指肠切除术,但要注意合理选择适应证,做好术后并发症预防。     

壶腹周围癌行胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的危险因素及预防

将132例壶腹周围癌行胰十二指肠切除患者分为无胰瘘组和胰瘘组，比较两组的性别、年龄、白蛋白、总胆红素、病变部位、胰肠吻合方式、胰液引流、胆汁引流及术后胰液引流量的差异。结果胰瘘组术后胰液引流量多于无胰瘘组，十二指肠癌、远端胆管癌、壶腹部癌术后胰瘘发生率高于胰头癌。提示胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生主要与残留胰腺的质地有关，捆绑式胰肠吻合能降低胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.