应用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪测量正常人群视盘参数

目的：应用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪建立本地区正常人群视盘参数并做进一步分析。方法：用HRT-Ⅱ（heidelberg retiner tomographyⅡ海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪）对排除眼病的正常人146例292眼进行检查,按年龄分成4组,得出不同年龄组和所有年龄人群视盘各参数。结果：同一年龄组内左右眼、男女性视盘参数对比差异无统计学意义,故合并统计,测出不同年龄组和所有年龄人群视盘各参数的均值、标准差。其中,视盘面积、盘沿面积、轮廓线的高度变化、视杯形状测量、平均RNFL（retina nerve fiber layer视网膜神经纤维层）厚度、RNFL截面面积在不同年龄组差异有统计学意义,并且年龄与RNFL厚度及横截面积呈负相关,相关系数与P值分别为r=-0．297,P=0．000和r=-0．259,P=0．000;而视杯面积、容积、杯盘面积比、沿盘比、盘沿容积、平均和最大视杯深度、水平方向和垂直方向的杯盘比均不受年龄的影响。所有年龄人群视盘参数均值与白种人正常值参考范围相近。结论：HRT-Ⅱ可定量检测我国正常人视盘参数,且不同年龄视盘参数的均值与性别及眼别无关。在测量视盘参数时要注意年龄对视盘各参数的影响,随着年龄增长RNFL数量减少,厚度变薄。HRT-Ⅱ可用于区分正常及早期青光眼,为青光眼的筛查、早期诊断和随诊提供切实可靠的定量依据。在本研究的基础上扩大检验的样本量,建立我国正常人群视盘参数的正常值．     

免散瞳立体眼底照相检测正常人视盘参数的可重复性

目的:评价立体眼底照相检测正常人视盘参数的可重复性。方法:同一操作者对30例(60眼)正常受试者进行视盘Nonmyd WX立体眼底照相,每眼扫描3次(隔日),测垂直杯盘比、上方盘沿宽度、下方盘沿宽度、视杯面积、视盘面积、盘沿面积、杯盘面积比、盘缘视盘面积比、视杯容积、视盘容积、盘沿容积、平均视杯深度、最大视杯深度13个视盘参数,组内相关系数(ICC)评价可重复性。结果:13个视盘参数ICC值均较高,为0.773-0.985。结论:免散瞳立体眼底照相检测视盘参数具有较好的可重复性。     

原发性开角型青光眼视盘参数OCT测量的可重复性

目的评价光学相干断层扫描(OCT)在原发性开角型青光眼病人视盘各项参数检测中的可重复性。方法由同一名操作者对原发性开角型青光眼病人28例(48眼)进行OCT检查,每眼连续扫描3次,获得视盘面积(DA)、视杯面积(CA)、盘沿面积(RA)、视杯容积(CV)、盘沿容积(RV)、杯盘面积比(CDAR)、线性杯盘比(LCDR)、视盘竖径(DV)、视盘横径(DH)9个视盘参数,通过类内相关系数(ICC)评价各视盘参数测量的可重复性。结果 9个视盘参数的ICC值均较高,为0.775~0.948。结论 OCT测量视盘参数具有较好的可重复性,在原发性开角型青光眼的早期诊断和随访观察中具有重要价值。     

OCT在原发性开角型青光眼中的应用

目的 探讨OCT在原发性开角型青光眼中的应用价值.方法 选取30例原发性开角型青光眼患者,对其视盘血流情况进行观察,采用OCT血管成像技术来对视盘面积、盘沿面积、平均杯盘比、垂直杯盘比以及视杯容积等参数进行测量,然后采用Pearson线性分析以上指标与患者视野平均缺损程度之间的相关性.结果 经视野计检查,患者视野平均缺损程度为(-4.25±2.42)dB,经OCT检查,视盘面积为(2.50±0.43)mm2,盘沿面积为(1.42±0.44)mm2,平均杯盘比为(0.48±0.23),垂直杯盘比为(0.65±0.22),视杯容积为(0.37±0.20)mm2,视野平均缺损与盘沿面积为负相关,与盘沿面积、平均杯盘比、垂直杯盘比以及视杯容积均为正相关(P<0.05).结论 OCT在青光眼的检查中具有无创、简便等优势,可很好的观察其视盘血流情况,并通过盘沿面积、平均杯盘比、垂直杯盘比以及视杯容积等参数的定量分析,为原发性开角型青光眼的临床诊断提供参考和指导.     

原发性开角型青光眼与正常眼HRT-Ⅱ视盘形态结构的对比研究

目的探讨Heidelberg视网膜断层扫描仪(HRT-Ⅱ)在原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)早期诊断中的意义。方法用HRT-Ⅱ对早期、进展期POAG30例(48眼)及正常人25例(50眼)的视盘进行断层扫描,获得视盘平均地形图像和视盘结构诸参数,将POAG视盘参数与视野平均缺损(MD)行相关性分析。结果POAG与正常人视盘结构各参数中视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、杯盘面积比、视杯容积、盘沿容积、平均视杯深度、最大视杯深度、轮廓线高度变化值、视杯形态测量、平均神经纤维层厚度存在明显差异,检测的视野平均缺损与HRT-Ⅱ视盘检测参数具有一致性。结论HRT-Ⅱ能够反映POAG视盘改变,与视野相关性好,为临床早期诊断POAG提供了依据。     

光学相干断层扫描仪对原发性开角型青光眼患者早期诊断价值

目的探讨光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT)在原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者早期诊断中的价值。方法选取2015年4月至2016年4月于张家口市第四医院就诊的50例(50眼)POAG患者为研究对象,分为早期POAG组26例和中晚期POAG组24例,另同期选取30例健康无眼疾体检者为对照组,采用OCT检测3组对象视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度、视野缺损,测定视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积等视盘参数,并对3组检测数据进行比较。结果早期POAG组和中晚期POAG组患者上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧4个视野RNFL厚度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),中晚期POAG组患者上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧4个视野RNFL厚度均显著低于早期POAG组(P<0.05);早期POAG组和中晚期POAG组患者上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧4个视野缺损值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),中晚期POAG组患者上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧4个视野缺损值均显著高于早期POAG组(P<0.05);POAG患者视盘面积与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),早期POAG组和中晚期POAG组患者盘沿面积、盘沿容积低于对照组(P<0.05),视杯面积、视杯容积高于对照组(P<0.05),中晚期POAG组患者盘沿面积、盘沿容积显著低于早期POAG组(P<0.05),视杯面积、视杯容积显著高于POAG组(P<0.05)。结论 OCT可真实反映POAG患者RNFL厚度及视盘参数的改变,具有较高的敏感性和特异性,认为RNFL厚度及视盘参数可作为早期POAG诊断的敏感指标。     

傅立叶OCT在早期原发性开角型青光眼中的诊断能力

目的：评价傅立叶域相干光断层成像术[Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography,FD-OCT, using the RTVue -100 (Optovue Inc, Fremont, California,USA）]在鉴别正常眼及早期原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）中的能力。 方法：横断面研究。对符合入选标准的早期原发性开角型青光眼组及正常组的所有受试者行FD-OCT及Humphrey视野（Humphrey Field Analyzer model 740, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA）检查。比较早期POAG患者及正常人各视盘测量参数、神经纤维层厚度及后极部神经节细胞复合体(GCC)厚度;对早期POAG患者及正常人各测量参数绘制受试者操作特征曲线（ROC）,计算ROC曲线下面积（AROC）,敏感性、特异性及阳性和阴性似然比评估各参数的诊断性能。 结果：分析34例早期POAG患者及42例正常人结果。在特定特异度（95% and 85%）下垂直杯盘比（C/D vertical ratio）的灵敏度和阳性似然比最高,分别为79.4%和88.2%,33.4和7.4。在所有单一参数中,垂直杯盘比的AROC最大,为0.930。使用logistical诊断模型联合垂直杯盘比、RNFL AT on 3.45mm和盘沿面积,AROC为0.949。 结论：FD-OCT所测得的视盘、神经纤维层厚度及GCC厚度改变在早期POAG患者及正常人差异有显著性。以AROC、敏感性、特异性及阳性和阴性似然比为评价指标,位居前三位的指标为：垂直杯盘比、RNFL AT on 3.45mm和盘沿面积。     

原发性开角型青光眼OCT评估视网膜神经纤维层厚度与视盘参数的关系

目的:使用光学相干断层成像术(OCT)评估原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)各个病程时期的视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)与视盘参数的差异,从而探讨青光眼RNFL厚度的变化与盘沿面积和杯盘面积比(C/D AR)之间的关系,确定OCT检测参数对青光眼病程变化的参考意义。方法:应用OCT检查技术分别对40例(60只眼)的POAG患者的RNFL及视盘进行检测。数据包括颞侧(TEMP)、上方(SUP)、鼻侧(NAS)、下方(INF)RNFL厚度以及平均RNFL厚度与盘沿面积和C/D AR。按青光眼诊断标准和视野分期法分为早期、中期和晚期3组。比较和分析3组的RNFL变化趋势以及与视盘参数的相关性。结果:青光眼早期、中期和晚期3组之间RNFL和视盘参数的比较具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。RNFL平均厚度与盘沿面积有正相关性,r=0.719,P<0.01;与C/D AR有负相关性,r=-0.712,P<0.01。结论:POAG各个时期中RNFL厚度逐渐变薄,同时盘沿面积减少和C/D AR扩大。盘沿面积占影响RNFL厚度的因素比重较大,比C/D AR更能反映RNFL的变化。青光眼的病程发展能通过RNFL的减少变化来反映。OCT的客观检查所得的各项参数也对原发性青光眼的病情发展的评估具有一定的意义。     

海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪在青光眼诊断中的价值

目的评价海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪Ⅱ型（HRT-Ⅱ）在青光眼诊断中的应用价值。方法对正常组98例（98只眼）和闭角型青光眼（PACG）组59例（59只眼）、开角型青光眼（POAG）组36例（36只眼）分别行HRT-Ⅱ检查,比较各组间视盘结构参数的差异,并用ROC曲线下面积分析不同参数的诊断灵敏度和特异度。结果正常组与开角型青光眼组间杯盘面积比、视杯容积、盘沿容积、杯型测量及平均神经纤维层厚均有显著性差异。正常组与闭角型青光眼组只有杯形测量及平均神经纤维层厚有显著性差异。结论 HRT-Ⅱ对青光眼的诊断有很大帮助。     

海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪在青光眼诊断中的价值

目的：评价海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪Ⅱ型（Heidelberg retina tomograph-Ⅱ,HRT-Ⅱ）在青光眼诊断中的应用价值。方法：对对照组98例（98只眼）和闭角型青光眼（Primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG）59例（59眼）,开角型青光眼（primaryopen angle glaucoma,POAG）36例（36眼）分别行HRT-Ⅱ检查,比较各组间视盘结构参数的差异,并用Roc曲线下面积分析不同参数的诊断灵敏度和特异度。结果：正常组与开角型青光眼组间杯盘面积比、视杯容积、盘沿容积、杯型测量及平均神经纤维层厚均有显著性差异。正常组与闭角型青光眼间只有杯形测量及平均神经纤维层厚有显著性差异。结论：HRT-Ⅱ对青光眼的诊断有很大帮助。     

Reproducibility of RTVue retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic nerve head measurements in normal and glaucoma eyes

Background RTVue spectral-domain optical coherence tomography （OCT） is a new, ultra high-speed and high-resolution instrument, potentially to measure the presence of glaucoma or its progression accurately. The objective of this study was to evaluate its reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） thickness and optic nerve head （ONH） measurements in normal and glaucoma eyes. Methods This study was an observational clinical study. One eye was selected randomly from each of 89 normal individuals and 63 glaucoma patients in a range of severity. RNFL thickness and ONH were measured 3 times on the same day to determine intrasession variability. The same instrument was used by the same operator for all scans. Intrasession within-subject standard deviation （Sw）, precision （1.96xSw）, coefficient of variation （CVw, 100xSw/overall mean）, and intraclass coefficient （ICC） were calculated to evaluate reproducibility. Results RTVue OCT demonstrated double hump patterns in the RNFL profiles. High reproducibility was observed in all ONH parameters. For normal eyes, the value of ICC ranged between 0.98 and 1.00. For eyes with different extent of glaucoma, it ranged between 0.94 and 1.00. High reproducibility was also observed in RNFL thickness measurements. The values of ICC for averaged RNFL thickness ranged between 0,95 and 1.00 in all cases. For regional parameters, it ranged from 0,94 to 0.98 for normal eyes, 0.94 to 1.00 for mild glaucoma eyes, 0.87 to 1.00 for moderate glaucoma eyes, and 0.77 to 0.97 for severe glaucoma eyes. The nasal regions of severe glaucoma appeared to be most variable, as nasal lower region and inferior nasal region had the ICC values of 0.77 and 0.87. Conclusion Reproducibility of RTVue RNFL and ONH measurements was excellent in normal and glaucoma groups.     

RTVue OCT在正常人和青光眼视神经纤维层厚度和视盘参数测量的中重复性研究

目的: 研究RTVue 频域OCT 在正常人和青光眼中的视神经纤维层厚度和视盘参数测量中的重复性。 方法: 临床观察性研究。89名正常人和63名不同程度的青光眼患者入组,随机选择一眼连续3次测量视神经纤维层厚度和视盘参数。所有测量均由同一操作者完成。通过计算标准差、精确度、变异系数、和组内相关系数（ICC）来评价备的重复性。 结果: 神经纤维层厚度呈现双峰型。所有的视盘参数和均有良好的重复性。对于正常人,ICC介于0.98至1。对于不同程度的青光眼,则介于0.94至1。神经纤维层厚测量也显现良好的重复性,所有受检者的ICC值为0.95至1。对于不同区域的神经纤维层厚度测量,正常人ICC为0.94至0.98,轻度的青光眼患者则为0.94至1,中度0.87至1,重度0.77至0.97,其中重度青光眼的鼻侧变异最大,鼻下和鼻侧分别为0.77和0.87。 结论: RTVue OCT 在正常人和青光眼中的视神经纤维层厚度和视盘参数测量的中有良好的重复性。     

应用光学相干断层成像术检测开角型青光眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度

目的:探讨光学相干断层成像术(OCT)检测开角型青光眼视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度与视野损害的关系,评价OCT在早期诊断青光眼中的意义。方法:正常人30例(52眼),高眼压9例(14眼)以及分成早期、进展期、晚期的原发性开角型青光眼48例(74眼)。采用Humphrey全自动视野计、Zeiss鄄HumphreyOCT分别进行视野以及视盘周围RNFL厚度检测。比较正常组、高眼压组以及青光眼组的RNFL厚度,分析青光眼组视野检测的平均缺损(MD)与RNFL厚度的关系。结果:正常组与高眼压组RNFL厚度差异无显著性(P>0.05);青光眼组较正常组、高眼压组RNFL厚度明显变薄,晚期青光眼表现为弥漫性RNFL缺损。视野检测的平均缺损与RNFL厚度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:OCT能够反映青光眼RNFL厚度的改变,为临床早期诊断青光眼提供更多的信息。     

Diagnostic capability of Fourier-Domain optical coherence tomography in early primary open angle glaucoma

Background Optical coherence tomography （OCT） is a high resolution noncontact imaging modality which can quantitatively detect the optic disc and retinal structure.This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of parameters of the optic disc, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell complex （GCC） using a new technology called Fourier-domain OCT （FD-OCT） for early primary open angle glaucoma （POAG） patients.Methods Two groups of patients, early perimetric damage POAG and normal subjects were included in this observational cross-sectional study.All patients underwent FD-OCT and visual field examination in addition to full ophthalmic examinations.Receiver operating characteristic curves （ROC） were studied for all parameters.The sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing between normal and early glaucomatous eyes, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves （AROC） and positive, negative likelihood ratios were evaluated for all the single parameters and selected combined parameters using arbitrary cutoffs.Results Thirty-four eyes of 34 early POAG patients and 42 eyes of 42 normal subjects were analyzed.Cup/disc （C/D）vertical ratio presented the best sensitivity and positive likelihood ratio for selected specificities （95% and 85%） which were 79.4% and 88.2%, 33.4 and 7.4, respectively.Among all single parameters, the C/D vertical ratio demonstrated the highest AROC which was at 0.930.The average thickness of circumpapillary RNFL on 3.45 mm showed the highest AROC among all of the peripapillary RNFL parameters.The sensitivity at selected specificity and AROC of GCC were not as high as C/D vertical ratio and RNFL AT on 3.45 mm.When the C/D vertical ratio, RNFL AT on 3.45 mm, and rim area were combined using a logistical diagnostic model, the AROC was raised to 0.949 but not significantly different from the top single parameter, C/D vertical ratio.Conclusions The key parameters obtained by FD-OCT were able to show the significant differences of optic discs,thickness of RNFL and GCC between POAG patients and normal subjects.According to sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and AROC, the top three parameters from FD-OCT for early diagnosis of POAG were C/D vertical ratio, RNFL AT on 3.45 mm, and the rim area.     

屈光度和眼轴长度对豚鼠视网膜神经纤维层厚度和视乳头形态的影响

目的 使用光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography,OCT）观察豚鼠视网膜神经纤维层 (retinal nerve fiber layer，RNFL)厚度及视乳头形态，并探讨豚鼠等效球镜和眼轴长度与这些参数的相关性。方法 选用20只普通级豚鼠，进行等效球镜和眼轴长度测量，以及运用OCT观察豚鼠RNFL厚度及视乳头形态。结果 豚鼠等效球镜与RNFL平均厚度、上方RNFL厚度、颞侧RNFL厚度、下方RNFL厚度、鼻侧RNFL厚度呈正相关；而眼轴长度与RNFL平均厚度、上方RNFL厚度、颞侧RNFL厚度、下方RNFL厚度、鼻侧RNFL厚度呈负相关。等效球镜和眼轴长度与盘沿面积、视盘面积、平均杯盘比、杯容积无相关性。等效球镜和垂直杯盘比无相关性，而眼轴长度与垂直杯盘比存在正相关。结论 等效球镜和眼轴长度对豚鼠各方位RNFL厚度均有影响。在使用豚鼠作为高眼压动物模型时，需考虑其屈光状态和眼轴长度的影响。     

Optical coherence tomography in measuring retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal subjects and patients with open-angle glaucoma

Objectives To investigate image characteristics and thickness of the retinal nerve fiber la yer (RNFL) in normal and glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography ( OCT), and analyze the relationship between RNFL thickness and visual field index. Methods Eighty-three normal persons (150 eyes) and 83 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG, 149 eyes) underwent OCT examinations with 3.4 mm diameter circ le scan to calculate the RNFL thickness. Statistical analysis was used to compa re differences in RNFL thickness in quadrants and means between the normal and g laucomatous groups and the different stages of POAG. Linear correlation and reg ression analysis were used to show the correlation between RNFL thickness and vi sual field index of 115 eyes in glaucomatous patients. Reproducibility, sensiti vity and specificity of RNFL measurements using OCT were evaluated.Results RNFL thickness measured by OCT in normal subjects was thicker in superior and in ferior, less in temporal, and thinnest in nasal quadrants. The curve showed dou ble peaks. RNFL of glaucomatous patients showed local thinning or defect, diffu se thinning, or both. The mean RNFL thicknesses of the normal group in the temp oral, superior, nasal and infeior quadrants were 90.1±10.8 μm, 140.4±10. 5 μm, 85.2±14.0 μm, and 140.4±9.7 μm, respectively with a mean of 1 14.2±6.0 μm.The numbers for the glaucomatous group were respectively 56.0 ±31.0 μm, 81.0±36.3 μm, 47.1±27.5 μm, and 73.4±38.4 μm for th e four quadrants, with a mean of 64.6±28.8 μm. There was a significant dif ference in RNFL thickness between the normal and glaucomatous groups (P&lt;0. 000), and the three stages (early, developing and late) of glaucomatous groups ( P&lt;0.000). There was a close negative relationship between RNFL thickness a nd visual field index (r=-0.796, P&lt;0.0001). The sensitivity and speci ficity of RNFL thickness in POAG measured using OCT were 93.3% and 92.0%, res pectively.Conclusions OCT can quantitatively measure RNFL thickness differences between normal persons and glaucomatous patients. RNFL thickness gradually decreases while visual fie ld defect increases with the development of POAG.     

OCT比较高眼压和原发性开角型青光眼的视网膜神经纤维层厚度

目的采用光学相干断层扫描技术（OCT）测得正常人、高眼压者和原发性开角型青光眼患者的视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）的厚度并进行比较。方法选取门诊就诊的患者和正常志愿者,根据眼压、视野和视乳头形态分为正常组76名（152眼）,高眼压组70例（109眼）,原发性开角型青光眼组67例（112眼）,采用OCTCIRRUSZeiss分别测得3组的平均RNFL和4个象限的RNFL。结果正常组平均RNFL为（107．61±8．03）μm,高眼压组平均RNFL为（105．26±9．22）μm,原发性开角型青光眼组平均RFNL为（91．00±10．55）μm。正常人平均、上方和下方RNFL与原发性开角型青光眼患者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;高眼压组与原发性开角型青光眼组之间平均RNFL比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;正常组和高眼压组之间平均RNFL比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论通过对RNFL厚度的分析,为高眼压和原发性开角型青光眼的鉴别诊断提供帮助。     

不同年龄正常人群视乳头形态结构检测

目的建立正常人视乳头形态结构参数的正常值,探讨性别、眼别、年龄对视盘参数的影响。方法应用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪（HRT）对300例（600眼）正常人视乳头结构进行扫描,按年龄分成5组,获取视盘参数值并分析性别、眼别、年龄和参数的关系。结果300例（600只眼）视盘面积（DA）为（2.1969±0.4611）mm2,视杯面积（CA）为（0.5262±0.3204）mm2,盘缘面积（RA）为（1.6627±0.3774）mm3,杯盘面积比（C/DR）为0.2307±0.1150,视杯容积（CV）为（0.1209±0.1175）mm3,盘缘体积（RV）为（0.4983±0.1571）mm3,杯的平均深度（MCD）为（0.2286±0.0951）mm,视杯的最大深度（MxCD）为（0.6498±0.2343）mm,沿轮廓线的视网膜表面的高度变化最大值（HVC）为（0.4582±0.1400）mm,视杯三维形状的测量值（CSM）为（-0.1911±0.0697）mm,平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度（mRNFLT）为（0.2964±0.0742）mm,平均视网膜神经纤维层截面面积（RNFLA）为（1.5210±0.3875）mm2。300例视盘参数不同眼、不同性别差异无显著性（〉0.05）。44岁以前与44岁以后的各年龄组比较mRNFLT、RNFLA差异有显著性（〈0.05）,而44岁以前的各年龄组比较差异无显著性（〉0.05）。结论正常人视乳头参数值变异较大,随年龄增加,视网膜神经纤维层逐渐变薄,年龄越大退变越明显。视盘参数不同眼、不同性别差异无显著性。