内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术与经典开放术式的疗效对比

目的 比较经鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术与经面部切口的经典泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎和鼻泪管梗阻的疗效。方法 回顾分析2010年1月至2013年8月收治的46例、53眼慢性泪囊炎和鼻泪管梗阻患者手术治疗的效果,其中行经典泪囊鼻腔吻合术22例（26眼）,鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术24例（27眼）。结果 经典泪囊鼻腔吻合术治愈25眼,好转1眼,无效0眼,治愈率96.2%,有效率100%;鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治愈25眼,好转2眼,无效0眼,治愈率92.6%,有效率100%。采用多个样本的秩和检验,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0. 05）。结论 经鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术与经典泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎和鼻泪管梗阻的疗效接近,但鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术无需面部皮肤切口,创伤小,疗效确切,出血少,值得推广。     

人工鼻泪管经鼻腔逆行置管术治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的 观察人工鼻泪管经鼻腔逆行置管术的临床疗效。方法 将93例慢性泪囊炎随机分为两组,观察组50例采用人工鼻泪管经鼻腔逆行置管术,对照组43例采用泪囊鼻腔吻合术。结果 术后随访3月,人工鼻泪管经鼻腔逆行置管术与泪囊鼻腔吻合术疗效差异无统计学意义,术后4h和24h VAS疼痛评分差异有统计学意义。结论 人工鼻泪管经鼻腔逆行置管术治疗慢性泪囊炎疗效满意,且术后疼痛轻。     

泪道造影联合鼻泪管逆行置管治疗慢性泪囊炎74例

目的 探讨泪道造影联合鼻泪管逆行置管治疗慢性泪囊炎的疗效。方法 对74例慢性泪囊炎患者行泪道造影证实鼻泪管阻塞,利用器材完成一次性泪道再通置管术,术后抗生素眼水滴眼,间断冲洗泪道。结果 随访观察6月~2年。治愈68眼,占91.90%;好转4眼,占5.40%;无效2眼,占2.70%;总有效率97.30%。结论 此疗法适应证广,操作简单,手术时间短,患者痛苦小、疗效好、恢复快、并发症少且有很好的可重复性。     

人工鼻泪管植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的 探讨人工鼻泪管植入术的手术技巧,评价其疗效。方法 对３２例（３２只眼）鼻泪管阻塞行人工鼻泪管植入术,经逆行扩张鼻泪道后植入特制的人工鼻泪管,均于术前行泪道造影检查。结果 ３２只眼３０只眼成功植入了人工鼻泪管,手术植入成功率为９３．８％。术后６月随访有效率为１００％。结论 人工鼻泪管植入术治疗鼻泪管阻塞操作简单,安全性好,有效率高。     

咽鼓管置管术与鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎疗效比较

目的比较咽鼓管置管术与鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效,为分泌性中耳炎的治疗方式提供依据。方法 将71例（86耳）分泌性中耳炎患者随机分成实验组（36例,44耳）与对照组（35例,42耳）。实验组在鼻内镜直视下行咽鼓管置管术,每日;中洗后鼓室注药治疗;对照组行鼓膜切开并置管。术后随访6个月,比较两组疗效。结果实验组治愈21耳（47．73％）,显效19耳（43．18％）,无效4耳（9.09％）。对照组治愈12耳（28．57％）,显效17耳（40．48％）,无效13耳（30．95％）。实验组治疗有效率为90．91％,显著高于对照组69．05％（P〈0．05）,实验组治疗后平均听阈为20．95dB,显著好于对照组28．25dB（P〈0．01）。结论鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管术疗效明显优于鼓膜置管术,联合药物管腔内注入可有效恢复咽鼓管功能,且避免了鼓膜损伤,符合微创原则,是治疗分泌性中耳炎的理想选择。     

鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术17例

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎及其他原因造成的鼻泪管阻塞的疗效。方法回顾分析2004年7月至2006年7月收治的17例（19眼）鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术的临床资料。结果17例(19眼)中,女11例(12眼),男6例（7眼）,治愈18眼,好转1眼,有效率100％;鼻内吻合口在3个月内上皮化。结论鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术是治疗慢性泪囊炎及其他原因造成的鼻泪管阻塞的切实可行的手术方法。     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探索有效治疗分泌性中耳炎的方法。方法将分泌性中耳炎患者63例（78耳）随机分成两组：实验组：在鼻内镜下,对31例（38耳）分泌性中耳炎患者行咽鼓管置管术,留管并反复注药治疗;对照组：对32例（40耳）患者使用传统的鼓膜切开置管术治疗,术后随访6～9个月,比较两组疗效。结果实验组治愈16耳,占42．1％,好转18耳,占47．4％,总有效率89．5％：对照组：治愈8耳,占20．0％,好转21耳,占52.5％,总有效率72．5％。治疗后两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论在鼻内镜下行咽鼓管置管术是在直视下操作,通过咽鼓管的自然通道插入导管,不仅避免了损伤鼓膜,也避免了咽鼓管吹张的重复操作,为临床治疗分泌性中耳炎提供了一个良好途径。     

鼻内镜下经鼻高位泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床观察

目的　探讨鼻内镜下经鼻高位泪囊鼻腔吻合术（dacryocystorhinostomy,DCR）治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床疗效。方法　回顾性分析河北省沧州中西医结合医院2009年1月～2019年1月收治的141例（141眼）慢性泪囊炎患者,所有患者均采用鼻内镜下DCR治疗,2009年1月～2016年2月74例患者行鼻内镜下经鼻平中鼻甲腋DCR（低位DCR组）,2016年3月～2019年1月67例患者行鼻内镜下经鼻高位泪囊鼻腔吻合术（高位DCR组）,分析两组患者术后半年疗效。结果  低位DCR组患者治愈55例,好转10例,无效9例,治疗总有效率为87.8%;高位DCR组患者治愈59例,好转6例,无效2例,治疗总有效率97%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.12,P <0.05）。结论　鼻内镜下经鼻高位DCR治疗慢性泪囊炎疗效显著,安全有效,值得推广。     

三种药物在泪囊鼻腔吻合术中的应用比较

目的 探讨在经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术中应用丝裂霉素C、5-氟尿嘧啶、透明质酸钠治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床疗效。方法 将155例(166眼)慢性泪囊炎患者随机分为丝裂霉素C组(MMC组)、5-氟尿嘧啶组(5-Fu组)、透明质酸钠组(SH组)和对照组。在经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术中局部分别应用0. 4mg/mL丝裂霉素C、50mg/mL 5-Fu、10mg/mL透明质酸钠;对照组仅行经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔吻合术,术中不用药物;术后随访12个月,观察患者泪道通畅情况,鼻内镜下测量造瘘口面积,检查鼻腔结构恢复情况。结果 ① MMC组44眼治愈43眼,治愈率97.7％;5-Fu组38眼治愈35眼,治愈率92.1％;SH组44眼治愈40眼,治愈率90.9％。对照组40眼治愈35眼,治愈率87.5％,手术治愈率明显高于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.62, P=0.019; χ2=7.84,P=0.029;χ2=5.78, P=0.016)。治疗组的治愈率与对照组的治愈率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);②术后6个月对照组与治疗组间吻合口大小差异有统计学意义(F=6.096,P=0.006) 。但治疗组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.564)。术后12个月,前3组造瘘口面积都明显大于对照组(F=6.162,P=0.002); MMC组术后造瘘口面积大于5-Fu组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.022)。MMC组术后造瘘口面积大于SH组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。5-Fu、SH组两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.719)。结论 在经鼻内镜泪囊鼻腔造瘘术中局部应用药物能有效提高手术治愈率,并且应用MMC效果优于5 Fu和SH。     

鼻内镜下治疗慢性泪囊炎

目的：总结鼻内镜下手术治疗慢性泪囊炎和术中切开泪囊时瘘口处理的经验。方法：选择鼻泪管堵塞、慢性泪囊炎（包括术后复发）患者90例、105眼,均行鼻内镜下处理。造瘘口采用EC耳脑胶粘合固定成形72眼,术中置硬膜外导管10眼,用银夹吻合泪囊后瓣与鼻黏膜瓣13眼,造瘘口用碘仿纱条填塞扩张成型5眼,用一次性5?ml注射器乳头将前后瓣撑开成型5眼。同期行鼻中隔高位偏曲矫正7眼,钩突肥大切除10眼,中鼻甲前端息肉样变切除9眼,鼻息肉6眼。结果：完全无溢泪92眼,好转8眼,无效5眼,有效率95.24% 。结论：泪囊鼻腔造口术造瘘口的处理可根据术者的习惯及手术经验、设备条件及术中切开泪囊后泪囊鼻腔黏膜瓣具体情况而定。     

Comparison of surgical outcomes in primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with and without silicone intubation

The surgical outcome of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy was analyzed in 30 cases of postsaccal stenosis. Intubation with silicone tubing was used in 14 cases (46.7%) and not used in 16 cases (53.3%). Surgical success was evaluated subjectively and objectively. The patients' complaints were improved in 85.7% of cases in the intubation group, and in 81.3% of the group in which no stent was used. Postoperative endoscopic examinations revealed that the rhinostomy opening was visible in 11 cases without intubation (68.8%) and 9 cases with intubation (64.3%). Six patients in the intubation group (42.9%) had granulation tissue at the rhinostomy site. Four patients (28.6%) had complaints regarding the intubation. Considering the similar surgical success rates, and the granulation formation, patient discomfort, and cost related to intubation, we recommend endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without intubation as the treatment of choice in cases of chronic epiphora due to postsaccal stenosis of the lacrimal canal.     

微小切口泪小管切开联合置入RS泪道引流管治疗泪小管炎48例

目的 探讨微小切口泪小管切开联合置入RS泪道引流管治疗泪小管炎48例的临床疗效.方法 病例对照研究,选取泪小管炎患者92例(92眼)入组.48例(48眼)行微小切口泪小管切开联合置入RS泪道引流管作为研究组,44例(44眼)行常规泪小管切开联合置入环形泪道引流管作为对照组.对两组术中暴露泪小管管腔的时间、置管的时间、置...     

Comparison of two endoscopically assisted procedures in primary surgical treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children older than 3 years: balloon dilatation and bicanalicular silicone tube intubation

OBJECTIVES: To determine the success of two transnasally endoscopic assisted procedures as balloon dilatation and bicanalicular silicone tube intubation for the primary surgical treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children older than 3 years. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. METHODS: An interventional case series of consecutive primary endoscopic assisted balloon dilatation (BD) and bicanalicular silicone tube intubation (STI) for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children older than 3 years was reviewed. BD was performed in 20 eyes of 17 patients and STI was performed 24 eyes of 20 patients. Clinical success was defined as a complete remission of epiphora at the end of follow-up period of 12 months and a continuation of the remission at least for 4 months. RESULTS: Eighteen out of 20 eyes (90%) nasolacrimal ducts responded to BD whereas the rate was 15 out of 24 eyes (62.5%) in STI group. No significant complications occured in BD group while the complication rate in STI group was 8 out of 24 eyes (33.3%). chi(2)-Statistical analysis showed significantly better results for BD in clinical success and complication rates than those of STI. CONCLUSIONS: BD should be the first choice therapy instead of invasive approaches with high rate of complications and lower success rates such as silicone intubation, in patients who are older than 3 years.     

泪道激光成型联合硅胶管植入术治疗泪道阻塞

目的探讨泪道激光成型联合硅胶管植入术治疗泪道阻塞的效果。 方法对泪道阻塞患者９０例（９４眼）行泪道激光成型联合硅胶管植入术,保留硅胶管３～６个月,术后随访,观察泪道引流泪液功能的恢复情况。结果拔管后随访半年以上,治愈８4眼（８9．３6％）,好转８眼（８．５１％）,总有效率９7．８7％。结论泪道激光成型联合硅胶管植入术治疗泪道阻塞是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Management of traumatic dacryocystitis and failed dacryocystorhinostomy using silicone lacrimal intubation set

The aim of this work is to study the management and success rate of traumatic dacryocystitis and failed dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) using Silicone lacrimal intubation set. A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary eye care hospital, India from February 2006 to January 2008. This study material comprised 50 patients of traumatic dacryocystitis and failed dacryocystorhinostomy. Anterior single flap external dacryocystorhinostomy with Silicon intubation was performed in all the patients. The patients were followed up at weekly intervals for 1?month and thereafter every 2?months for 1?year post operatively. Criteria determining success were based on resolution of epiphora and patency on syringing. In traumatic dacryocystitis, 21(91.3%) cases fulfilled these criteria while 23(85.2%) cases of failed DCR were successful. The overall success rate (88%) was determined with an average follow-up of 1?year. Globally, the technique was effective in 85% of cases. The results were comparable with other similar studies. This study concludes that performing a DCR in traumatic dacryocystitis and failed DCR taking into consideration the complications and chances of failure is a challenge for the surgeon. We opine that External dacryocystorhinostomy with Silicon Intubation is one of the most effective modality in dealing with such cases.     

Nd：YAG激光泪道疏通及圆锥形硅胶棒植入治疗泪道阻塞

目的评价NdYAG激光泪道疏通并圆锥形硅胶棒植入治疗阻塞性泪道疾病的疗效。方法82例、91眼泪道阻塞及泪囊炎激光泪道疏通后植入硅胶棒。结果泪道阻塞27眼,泪囊炎64眼。阻塞部位依次为鼻泪管68眼,泪总管31眼;泪小管21眼。1处及2处阻塞各35眼,3处以上21眼。首次硅胶棒留置时间12～180d,平均41.74d,一次性治愈68眼,好转5眼,无效18眼,有效率80.22%,14眼经二次硅胶棒植入,最终治愈78眼,好转5眼,无效8眼,总有效率91.21%。18眼19次复发,复发率20.88%。16眼泪点撕裂,是最常见的并发症。结论该方法安全简便,疗效及可重复性好。     

两种自制简易装置取出玻璃体硅油的方法

目的 探讨自制研发用于玻璃体硅油取出两种简易装置的可行性。方法 选取因孔源性视网膜脱离、视网膜附着稳定的患者200例200眼,硅油填充术后3～6个月。采用完全随机化分组分为2个组。第一组有102例,20G通道20GY型静脉留置套管针制作简易取油器具取硅油,20G笛针行气液交换取出残余硅油;第二组98例,将输血管直管两端垂直剪断,保留长度为5 mm,一端套在23G取油穿刺套管上,另一端连接20 mL注射器取油,23G笛针行气液交换取出残余硅油;结果 第一组与第二组在硅油取出时间长度的比较差异无统计学意义[(4.65±1.52)min vs(4.85±2.02)min,t=1.38,P=0.14];第一组与第二组间气液交换时间的比较差异有统计学意义[(1.25±0.51)min vs(2.16±1.24)min,t=8.34,P=0.003];第一组与第二组间的眼压在术前及术后1 d、4 d、1周、1个月等时间的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第一组与第二组间在感染率、出血率、视网膜脱离复发率等并发症之间的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第一组患者的硅油残留率低于第...     

Lacrimal intubation with the Ritleng system in recurrent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the Ritleng lacrimal intubation system in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (29 eyes) with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, who ranged in age from 2 to 12 years (mean, 4.85 +/- 2.9 years), underwent silicone intubation with the Ritleng lacrimal intubation system. The Ritleng lacrimal intubation system is composed of a Ritleng probe, a monofilament guide thread and a silicone tube. The prolene tip was removed from the inferior meatus with nasal endoscopy in 26 eyes, whereas this was done by using a Ritleng hook in 3. Clinical success was defined by the relief from symptoms and signs of obstruction. The tubes were left in place for an average of 6 months. The patients were followed up between 6 and 25 months (mean, 8.3 months). RESULTS: All cases were successfully intubated with the Ritleng system. Two cases underwent reintubation because of tube dislocation during the first week. Granuloma developed at the edge of the inferior punctum in 1 case. We observed relief from symptoms in all cases. CONCLUSION: The Ritleng lacrimal intubation system is an easy, effective and nontraumatizing procedure for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.     

Bicanalicular double silicone stenting in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with lacrimal trephination in distal or common canalicular obstruction

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical effects of bicanalicular double silicone stents in endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy with lacrimal trephinized canaliculoplasty for monocanalicular and common canalicular obstruction. Bicanalicular double silicone intubation in endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy with lacrimal trephination was performed in 58 eyes of 54 patients (5 men, 49 women; mean age: 55.9 ± 14.9 years) with epiphora due to monocanalicular and common canalicular obstruction between November 2007 and August 2010. We reviewed the records of subjects who had undergone the same surgery with a bicanalicular single intubation for same disease between March 2004 and October 2007 as controls (56 eyes of 50 patients). We evaluated age, gender, the operative side, the site of canalicular obstruction, and the effects of double silicone intubation. Complications relating to the silicone tube were also investigated. The double-stent group showed higher anatomical success rates (91.4%) and functional success rates (82.8%) than the single-stent group (75.0 and 69.6%, respectively) (p = 0.034 and p = 0.103, respectively). Bicanalicular double silicone stenting in endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy with lacrimal trephinized canaliculoplasty may be an effective treatment for monocanalicular and common canalicular obstructions. This may also reduce more invasive surgery including Jones tube insertion (p = 0.038).     

两种麻醉方法用于气管切开及插管的效果比较

目的 观察瑞芬太尼复合咪达唑仑能否减轻喉肿瘤患者气管切开及插管时的心血管反应并同时降低知晓发生率。方法 择期喉肿瘤手术患者30例,年龄35～55岁,ASA为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,喉阻塞为Ⅰ～Ⅱ度,随机分为氟芬合剂组（I组）、瑞芬太尼+咪达唑仑组（R组）,每组15例。所有患者在1%利多卡因局部浸润麻醉下行气管切开,气管切开之前,I组患者静脉注射氟芬合剂2mL,R组患者缓慢静脉注射咪达唑仑50μg·kg－1,继之瑞芬太尼0.05μg·kg－1·min－1持续输注。气管切开完成即将插管时,I组患者静脉注射氟芬合剂2mL,R组患者缓慢静脉注射瑞芬太尼1μg·kg－1（大于1min）,记录局部浸润麻醉前(T0)、插管前即刻(T1)、插管成功即刻(T2)、麻醉诱导后2min(T3)的HR、MAP、SpO2;记录麻醉诱导时得普利麻的用量;记录气管切开过程中患者有无躁动、呛咳等反应。术后随访患者对气管切开及插管过程的知晓情况。患者SpO2＜90％定义为呼吸抑制。结果 与T0比较,I组T1时的MAP及HR无明显变化,T2时MAP及HR明显升高（P＜0.05）,T3时MAP及HR明显降低（P＜0.05）;R组T1及T2时MAP及HR无明显变化,T3时MAP与T0比较有所下降,但无统计学意义,而HR明显降低（P＜0.05）。与I组比较,T2时R组MAP及HR明显降低（P＜0.05）,而T3时MAP明显升高（P＜0.05）。所有患者均无明显呼吸抑制。两组患者气管插管完成后麻醉诱导所需得普利麻量有显著差异（P＜0.01）;与I组比较,R组呛咳、躁动等插管反应及插管知晓发生率明显降低（P＜0.01）。结论 在局部麻醉的基础上,瑞芬太尼复合咪达唑仑能明显减轻气管切开及插管引起的心血管反应及知晓发生率。