突发性聋与前庭神经炎病因学比较研究

目的 通过比较研究突发性聋和前庭神经炎,进一步探讨两类疾病在病因学上和前庭神经损伤的差异.方法 观察眩晕诊疗中心2004年1月至2007年7月间37例突发性聋、30例突发性聋伴发眩晕和40例前庭神经炎的前庭功能(前庭双温试验、前庭诱发的肌源性电位和主观垂直视觉检查)和高刺激率ABR的特点及差异.结果 (1)突发性聋与前庭神经炎两组患者年龄分布差别显著不(P>0.05).(2)高刺激率ABR:前庭神经炎组,患侧高刺激ABR异常率为33.3%;突发性聋组,患侧异常18例,患侧异常率占69.3%(18/26).突发性耳聋组高刺激率ABR异常率明显高于前庭神经炎组(P<0.01).(3)突发性聋与前庭神经炎两组患者前庭损伤的差异性比较:前庭神经炎组,前庭上神经损伤占50%,前庭下神经损伤占10%,前庭上下神经损伤占40%;在突发性耳聋组,前庭上神经损伤占53.3%,前庭下神经损伤占6.7%.前庭上下神经损伤占40%.两组在前庭神经损伤的模式上差别不显著(P>0.05).结论 突发性聋(伴眩晕)的主要病因可能是内耳微循环障碍,而前庭神经炎的主要机制可能是病毒感染.突发性聋伴眩晕的和前庭神经炎前庭神经损伤模式相似,均主要累及前庭上神经.     

突发性聋患者前庭功能的客观评价

目的　分析突发性聋患者在耳蜗受损的同时前庭功能受损的范围及客观评价方法,探讨不同听力损伤曲线类型突聋患者前庭功能损伤的差异。方法　选取60例 2016年8月～2018年8月在我科住院治疗的单侧突发性聋伴眩晕患者为实验组,其中低频下降型11例,平坦下降型15例,高频下降型18例,全聋型16例。健康自愿者60例为对照组,分别进行冷热试验、眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP）、颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP）及视频头脉冲试验（video head impulse test,vHIT）检测,分析前庭功能受损状况,应用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果　对照组冷热试验异常阳性率10.3%;oVEMP异常阳性率26.7%;cVEMP异常阳性率16.7%。实验组冷热试验异常阳性率68.3%;oVEMP异常阳性率60.3%;cVEMP异常阳性率43.7%,与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义。对照组vHIT异常阳性率13.3%,实验组异常阳性率51.6%,与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义;全聋型及低频下降型突发性聋患者前庭功能异常阳性率比平坦下降型及高频下降型高,差异具有统计学意义,平坦下降型及高频下降型组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论   突发性聋伴眩晕患者在耳蜗受损同时可以伴有前庭功能不同范围受损。结合冷热试验、oVEMP、cVEMP及vHIT等相关检查可对突发性聋患者的前庭功能进行有效评估。全聋型及低频下降型突发性聋患者前庭功能损伤的发生率较平坦下降型及高频下降型高。平坦下降型和高频下降型患者比较,前庭功能损伤发生率无明显差别。     

上呼吸道感染对眩晕患儿前庭功能影响的相关性研究

目的　研究上呼吸道感染对眩晕患儿前庭功能的影响,明确感染导致的前庭受损部位,为进一步治疗提供依据。方法　采用病例对照研究方法,2016年3月～2018年2月门诊就诊的眩晕患儿,明确2周内上呼吸道感染病史41例,同期门诊就诊非感染眩晕患儿40例纳为对照组。观察两组的冷热试验、颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位及眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位结果并进行比较分析。感染组内根据病原学种类、病史长短及眩晕程度不同进行亚组比较。结果  感染组前庭功能异常率高于对照组（χ2=6.522,P =0.011）。感染组内病原学种类、眩晕程度及病程长短对于前庭功能异常的影响没有统计学意义（P＞0.05）。上呼吸道感染累及前庭上神经及全前庭神经者均高于前庭下神经。结论　上呼吸道感染影响眩晕患儿的前庭功能,与病原体种类、病史长短及眩晕程度无关。     

突发性聋伴眩晕患者颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位特点

目的　记录伴眩晕的突发性聋患者颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位（cervical VEMP,cVEMP）的参数特点,并探讨其临床价值。方法　将21例伴眩晕的突发性聋患者作为观察对象,设为突发性聋伴眩晕组,16例不伴有眩晕的突发性聋患者设为突发性聋组,22名健康受试者作为正常组,分析对比各组cVEMP潜伏期、振幅比和不对称率。结果 突发性聋伴眩晕组不对称率（26.52±11.83）%明显高于突发性聋组（14.50±8.31）%和正常组（14.41±9.80）%,差异有统计学意义（F =9.633和10.008,P 均＜0.05）。cVEMP的P1、N1潜伏期及振幅比在突发性聋伴眩晕组、突发性聋组和正常组3个组组间比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论　伴眩晕的突发性聋患者其球囊功能易伴有损伤,cVEMP可用于辅助判断突发性聋伴眩晕患者内耳的病变范围及损伤程度。     

突聋伴眩晕患者的前庭功能分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨突发性聋伴眩晕患者前庭功能特点。方法对38例突发性聋伴眩晕患者(伴眩晕组,9~80岁)、36例突发性聋不伴眩晕患者(不伴眩晕组,15~69岁)和年龄相匹配的20例健康志愿者(正常对照组,20~76岁)分别进行纯音听阈、视频头脉冲试验和前庭诱发肌源性电位测试,比较三组结果。结果伴眩晕组、不伴眩晕组、正常对照组患者的前庭功能异常率分别为:92.11%(35/38)、44.44%(16/36)、35%(7/20),伴眩晕组异常率显著高于不伴眩晕组和正常对照组(均为P<0.001)。伴眩晕组患者的水平半规管、上半规管、后半规管、球囊、椭圆囊功能的异常率分别为34.21%(13/38)、23.68%(9/38)、55.26%(21/38)、65.79%(25/38)、60.53%(23/38);不伴眩晕组分别为19.44%(7/36)、13.89%(5/36)、25.00%(9/36)、27.78%(10/36)、22.22%(8/36),其中伴眩晕组的后半规管、球囊、椭圆囊功能的异常率明显高于不伴眩晕组(P=0.008、P=0.001、P=0.001);伴眩晕组三个半规管中后半规管功能异常率最高(55.26%),球囊和椭圆囊功能的异常率差异无统计学意义(P=0.634)。结论突聋伴眩晕患者较突聋不伴眩晕患者前庭功能损伤更严重,且以后半规管功能障碍多见。     

全聋型突发性耳聋患者的预后与前庭症状及前庭功能关系的回顾性分析

目的 探讨全聋型突发性耳聋患者的预后与前庭症状及前庭功能的关系。 方法 回顾性分析52例单侧全聋型突发性耳聋患者的前庭症状,以及眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(oVEMP)、颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(cVEMP)、视频头脉冲试验(vHIT)和冷热试验结果,观察这些患者的听力结果与前庭症状及前庭功能的关系。 结果 在52例单侧全聋型突发性耳聋患者中,有前庭症状、前庭功能异常的全聋型患者与无前庭症状者、功能正常者相比疗效差异有统计学意义。oVEMP、cVEMP、vHIT和冷热试验四项结果异常的全聋型患者显示出更低的治疗总有效率,oVEMP、cVEMP、vHIT和冷热试验正常的突发性耳聋患者有更高的听力恢复数值。 结论 有前庭症状、前庭功能异常的全聋型突发性耳聋患者疗效较差,oVEMP、cVEMP、vHIT和冷热试验正常的全聋型突发性耳聋患者有更好的听力恢复。前庭功能异常提示突发性聋患者的内耳病变范围较大、程度较重。     

突聋伴眩晕患者前庭诱发肌源性电位的临床研究

目的通过观察突发性聋伴眩晕患者前庭诱发肌源性电位的引出率及各参数,探讨前庭诱发肌源性电位对突聋伴眩晕患者内耳损伤情况的诊断及预后评估。方法收集50例单耳突聋伴眩晕的患者,50例单耳突聋不伴眩晕患者及60例正常听力人作为对照组,分析对比o VEMP及c VEMP的引出率和各参数变化。结果引出率:病例组患耳、对侧耳、突聋不伴眩晕组及正常对照组o VEMP引出率分别为24%、42%、48%、100%,c VEMP引出率分别为:56%、74%、64%、100%,病例组患耳和对侧耳相比,o VEMP及c VEMP引出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),病例组患耳及对侧耳分别和正常对照组比较,o VEMP及c VEMP引出率均明显降低(P<0.05),病例组患耳o VEMP引出率明显低于突聋不伴眩晕组(P<0.05)。o VEMP:病例组患耳、对侧耳、突聋不伴眩晕组及正常对照组的各参数(N1潜伏期、P1潜伏期、P1-N1振幅)两两比较,组间不对称比(AR)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。c VEMP:病例组患耳、对侧耳、突聋不伴眩晕组及正常对照组的各参数比较,患耳及对侧耳P1-N1振幅比突聋不伴眩晕组及正常对照组均明显降低(P<0.05),病例组AR比正常对照组明显增高(P<0.05),o VEMP及c VEMP结果与听力损失分型、听力损失程度分级无明显相关性(P>0.05),但与疗效分级明显相关(P<0.05)。结论突聋伴眩晕患者存在同侧及对侧的椭圆囊(前庭上神经)和球囊(前庭下神经)传导功能障碍,前庭诱发肌源性电位为突聋伴眩晕患者耳石器及前庭神经功能评估提供客观依据。     

水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕与前庭性偏头痛性眩晕的听-前庭功能比较

目的比较水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)与前庭性偏头痛(VM)性眩晕患者的听-前庭功能差异。方法收集2016年11月-2017年11月潍坊医学院附属医院眩晕中心门诊收治的水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者30例及前庭性偏头痛性眩晕患者33例。所有患者均进行听-前庭功能检查,检查项目包括纯音测试、眼震检查、冷热试验及前庭诱发的肌源性电位(VEMP)等。结果 30例水平半规管BPPV患者纯音测听异常率为23.3%(7/30),7例纯音异常患者均属单侧轻度或中度感音神经性聋;中枢性眼动异常率为26.7%(8/30),均为扫视试验异常;冷热试验异常率为83.3%(25/30),均为单侧前庭反应减弱;VEMP异常率为13.3%(4/30),其中7例显示患侧低振幅,2例显示患侧P13波潜伏期延长;接受ABR检查的患者共12例,异常率为58.3%(7/12),均显示为单侧异常。33例MV患者纯音测听异常率为24.2%(8/33),均属单侧感音神经性聋;眼震检查中枢性眼动异常率为48.5%(16/33),冷热试验异常率为21.2%(7/33),VEMP异常率为51.5%(17/33),接受ABR检查的患者共15例,异常率为26.7%(4/15)。经统计分析,二者的冷热试验异常率(t=13.62,P=0.000)、中枢性眼动异常率(t=9.65,P=0.000)、VEMP异常率(t=5.76,P=0.000)均显著高于前庭性偏头痛性眩晕。结论与前庭性偏头痛性眩晕相比,水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕显示出更高的冷热试验异常率和较低的中枢性眼动异常率,可以为二者的诊断与鉴别提供参考。     

前庭诱发肌源性电位对前庭下神经炎的诊断价值

目的　探讨前庭诱发肌源性电位（VEMP）对前庭下神经炎的诊断价值。方法　回顾分析我科眩晕门诊18例前庭下神经炎的临床资料,尤其是VEMP检测结果。结果　18例患者中,15例表现为旋转性眩晕,3例为平衡障碍,所有患者纯音测听、冷热试验及眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位（oVEMP）正常而颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位（cVEMP）异常。其中14例cVEMP检查不能引出,4例振幅低下。3个月后复诊10例患者症状消失,复查cVEMP 9例恢复正常,1例振幅低下;半年复诊18例患者症状全部消失,复查cVEMP只有2例振幅低下,其余均恢复正常。结论　VEMP检查对前庭下神经炎的精准诊断及判断预后有重要临床价值,值得临床推广。     

前庭下神经炎10例临床分析

目的　分析前庭下神经炎的临床特点。方法  分析10例我科眩晕门诊收集的前庭下神经炎患者的临床资料,综合病史、症状、体征及影像学、听力学、冷热试验、眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP）及颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP）检查结果,予以诊断。结果　10例患者眩晕发作特点均符合前庭下神经炎表现,颅脑CT或MRI检查正常,排除中枢病变,听力学及冷热试验、oVEMP结果正常,cVEMP异常,均表现为单测消失。所有患者均给予抗眩晕、改善微循环、营养神经、病因学、激素等治疗,并在发病3～4天后指导患者行Cawthorne-Cooksey前庭康复训练,半年后症状均消失。结论　前庭下神经炎属于前庭神经炎的一个亚型,VEMP检查可辅助诊断。对临床怀疑前庭神经炎的患者应常规行 VEMP检查,以利于明确诊断及评估病变范围Cawthorne-Cooksey前庭康复训练可做为临床上治疗前庭下神经炎的一种治疗方法,特别对改善患者药物治疗后遗留的慢性眩晕有一定疗效。     

原发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者前庭诱发肌源性电位检测的意义

目的：探讨检测眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（oVEMP）和颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（cVEMP）对单侧原发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）患者进行可能发病部位的定位诊断价值。方法：对52例单侧原发性BP-PV患者（BPPV组）和38例正常人（对照组）分别进行气导短纯音诱发的oVEMP和cVEMP检测,分析两种反射的引出率、潜伏期、振幅等数据。结果;BPPV组患侧oVEMP的引出率为46．15％,cVEMP的引出率为67．31％;其健侧oVEMP的引出率为48．08％,cVEMP的引出率为65．38％。对照组左侧oVEMP的引出率84．21％,cVEMP的引出率92．11％;右侧oVEMP的引出率为81．58％,cVEMP的引出率为94．74％。对照组双侧cVEMP和oVEMP的P1、N1潜伏期及N1-P1振幅值差异均无统计学意义。BPPV组和对照组cVEMP和oVEMP耳间振幅比及不对称率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：单侧原发性BPPV患者双侧前庭耳石器传导通路功能受损状况,可以通过oVEMP和cVEMP检测进行客观评估,并且oVEMP的异常率比cVEMP高。     

前庭诱发肌源性电位预测突聋患者疗效的临床价值

目的 分析单侧突发性耳聋患者的疗效,探讨前庭功能与预后的关系。 方法 回顾性分析59例(59耳)突发性耳聋患者的临床资料,观察临床疗效,根据前庭功能结果探讨对预后的影响。 结果 59例突发性耳聋患者在治疗前共进行了183项前庭功能检查,眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位(oVEMP)和颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位(cVEMP)异常的突聋患者显示出更低的治疗总有效率;oVEMP和cVEMP正常的突聋患者受损频率听力提高更明显。冷热试验(Caloric Test)和视频头脉冲试验(vHIT)的正常与否对突聋患者的总有效率和受损听力的提高无影响。cVEMP和oVEMP都异常的患者治疗无效率比仅其中一项异常的患者高,受损听力恢复程度也比仅其中一项异常的患者差。 结论 oVEMP和cVEMP异常的突聋患者疗效较差,oVEMP和cVEMP正常的突聋患者有更好的听力恢复。oVEMP和cVEMP功能可能是预测突发性聋患者预后的有效指标。前庭功能异常提示突发性聋患者的内耳病变范围较大、程度较重。     

Vestibular and cochlear nerve enhancement on MRI and its correlation with vestibulocochlear functional deficits in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome

ObjectiveThe correlation between enhancement of the vestibulocochlear nerves on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and vestibulocochlear functional deficits was examined in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS).MethodsNineteen patients with RHS who showed herpes zoster oticus, peripheral facial palsy, and vertigo were enrolled. Canal paresis (CP) in the caloric test, abnormal response to ocular and cervical vestibular myogenic potentials (oVEMP and cVEMP), and refractory sensorineural hearing loss were evaluated. MRI images perpendicular to the internal auditory canal were reconstructed to identify the superior (SVN) and inferior vestibular nerves (IVN) and the cochlear nerve (CV). The signal intensity increase (SIinc) of the four-nerve enhancement was calculated as an index.ResultsAmong RHS patients, 79%, 53%, 17% and 26% showed CP in the caloric test, abnormal responses to oVEMP and cVEMP, and refractory sensorineural hearing loss, respectively. SIinc rates of the SVN were significantly increased in RHS patients with CP in the caloric test, and with abnormal responses to oVEMP and cVEMP. SIinc rates of the SVN tended to increase in RHS patients with refractory sensorineural hearing loss (p = 0.052). SIinc rates of the IVN were significantly increased in RHS patients with abnormal responses to oVEMP and cVEMP, and refractory sensorineural hearing loss, but not in those with CP in the caloric test. SIinc rates of the CN were significantly increased in RHS patients with CP in the caloric test, abnormal response to oVEMP and refractory sensorineural hearing loss, but not in those with abnormal response to cVEMP.ConclusionIn patients with RHS, the origin of vertigo may be superior vestibular neuritis, which is affected by reactive varicella-zoster virus from the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve through the faciovestibular anastomosis. The results also suggested that in some RHS patients, inferior vestibular neuritis contributes to the development of vertigo and that the origin of refractory sensorineural hearing loss is cochlear neuritis.     

Comparison of cervical vestibular evoked potentials evoked by air-conducted sound and bone-conducted vibration in vestibular Schwannoma patients

Abstract

Objective: The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is associated with otolithic afferents and can be used to evaluate the function of the saccule and utricle. In this study, we compared cervical VEMP evoked by stimulation with Air-conducted sound (ACS) and bone-conducted vibration (BCV) to the forehead and investigated whether BCV can be used as a substitute for ACS.

Methods: Data were obtained from 33 patients with vestibular schwannoma. Vestibular examinations were performed preoperatively. VEMP was obtained upon stimulation with ACS (ACS cVEMP) and BCV to the forehead using a minishaker (BCV cVEMP). Vestibular function was also analyzed using the caloric test and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) testing. oVEMP was measured using bone-conductive vibration to the forehead. The results of BCV cVEMP, ACS cVEMP, and oVEMP were compared by the caloric test.

Results: Rates of patients with abnormal ACS cVEMP, BCV cVEMP, oVEMP, and caloric test results were 78.8%, 75.8%, 78.8%, and 69.7%, respectively. BCV cVEMP did not correlate with ACS cVEMP, but correlated with oVEMP and caloric test results.

Conclusion: BCV cVEMP did not correlate with ACS cVEMP. Therefore, BCV cVEMP cannot be used as a substitute for ACS cVEMP.     

The relationship between hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL).

Methods: Clinical data including the symptom of vertigo of 149 SSHL patients were investigated retrospectively. Pure tone audiometry, ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) evoked by air-conducted sound (ACS), and caloric test were employed for cochlear and vestibular function assessment. The relationship between hearing level and vestibular dysfunction was analyzed.

Results: The pure tone averages (PTAs) (mean?±?SD) of SSHL patients with and without vertigo were 88.81?±?21.74 dB HL and 72.49?±?21.88 dB HL (Z?=??4.411, p?=?0.000), respectively. The PTAs of SSHL patients with abnormal and normal caloric test were 84.71?±?22.54 dB HL and 70.41?±?24.07 dB HL (t?=??2.665, p?=?0.009), respectively. Conversely, vertigo and abnormal caloric results also happened more frequently in patients with profound hearing loss. However, no consistent tendency could be found among vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) responses or hearing loss.

Conclusions: SSHL patients with vertigo or abnormal caloric test displayed worse hearing loss; and vice versa, vertigo and abnormal caloric results happened more frequently in SSHL patients with profound hearing loss.     

伴眩晕的突发性聋患者椭圆囊-球囊功能分析

目的通过观察突聋伴眩晕患者主观垂直视觉(subjective visual vertical,SVV)偏斜和前庭诱发肌源性电位(vestibular evoked myogenic potentials,VEMP),了解椭圆囊-球囊功能与症状的关系。方法16例突聋伴眩晕的患者和10例突聋无眩晕的患者分别行SVV及VEMP检查。其中,6例突聋伴眩晕患者行前庭双温试验检查。结果伴晕眩的突聋患者中,VEMP异常者8例,正常8例;SVV异常6例,正常10例,且所有SVV异常者,VEMP均异常。不同程度听力损失之间VEMP正常与异常率无显著性差异(P>0.05),纯音听阈与SVV的关系在统计学上也无相关性(P>0.05)。结论突聋伴眩晕患者可伴有球囊和/或椭圆囊功能障碍,前庭上神经和前庭下神经损伤无特定的规律。全面的前庭功能评价有助于进一步了解伴眩晕的突聋患者的前庭功能状态。     

非综合征型听神经病患者前庭上下成分功能障碍定位研究与频率特征

目的 探讨听神经病伴发前庭功能障碍的可能性,并分析其部位和频率特征。 方法 以眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(oVEMP)、颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(cVEMP)、视频头脉冲试验(vHIT)、头脉冲抑制试验(SHIMP)和冷热试验对20例(40耳)非综合征型听神经病患者进行前庭功能评估,对统计学处理结果进行客观分析。 结果 20例患者(40耳)接受oVEMP和cVEMP测试,oVEMP异常率为85%,cVEMP异常率为95%,差异无统计学意义。11例(22耳)接受vHIT和SHIMP测试,外、上、后半规管vHIT和SHIMP的异常率分别为14%、18%、9%和9%,组间差异无统计学意义。19例患者行冷热试验,异常率为74%。11例接受vHIT和SHIMP测试的患者,冷热试验异常率为82%,显著高于vHIT和SHIMP异常率,差异有统计学意义。 结论 听神经病患者存在前庭功能障碍,前庭上下成分(包括感受器和前庭上下神经)受累概率相当,耳石器和半规管均可受累,各半规管受累概率相当,半规管功能损伤主要累及低频。     

Abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in the presence of normal caloric responses.

OBJECTIVE: Combined use of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and caloric response testing has enabled us to examine the function of the inferior and superior vestibular nerves separately. Although results of VEMP testing and caloric response testing have been reported for many diseases, a clinical entity showing abnormal VEMP responses but normal caloric test responses has rarely been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical features of diseases showing abnormal VEMP responses with normal caloric test responses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Eight hundred eleven patients with balance problems who had undergone both caloric response and VEMP testing were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The amplitudes and latencies of the first positive-negative peak of the VEMP (p13-n23) were measured. RESULTS: Forty of the 811 patients (5%) were found to have abnormal VEMP responses with normal caloric test responses. Clinical diagnoses of these patients were Ménière's disease (n = 12), acoustic neuroma (n = 8), sudden deafness with vertigo (n = 6), and other diseases (n = 6). Eight patients could not be diagnosed as having a disease already recognized. Clinical manifestations of these eight patients were rotatory vertigo in six patients and non-rotatory dizziness in two. None of these patients showed abnormalities other than VEMP responses on neurologic or neurotologic examinations. CONCLUSION: Apart from Ménière's disease, acoustic neuroma, and sudden deafness with vertigo, which are already known as diseases with abnormal VEMP responses but normal caloric test responses, some patients might be diagnosed as having a disease that involves only the inferior vestibular nerve region.