自体皮质骨外耳道重建在开放式鼓室成形术中的应用

目的 对开放式鼓室成形术中利用自体皮质骨行外耳道重建的方法及疗效进行评价.方法 将接受手术治疗的胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者49例(49耳)分为两组.实验组,行开放式鼓室成形术+自体皮质骨外耳道重建术25例(耳);对照组,行常规开放式鼓室成形术+耳甲腔成形术24例(耳).术后随访6 ～ 36个月,观察两组患者术后听力结果、干耳率情况.结果 以术后语言频率气骨导差缩小＞15 dB或气导听阈＜40 dB为有效标准,实验组有效率68％ (17/25),对照组有效率62.5％ (15/24),组间比较无统计学意义(x2=0.1635,P＞0.05).实验组干耳率为92.5％(23/25),明显高于对照组58.33％(14/24),差异有统计学意义(x2=4.363 6,P ＜0.05).实验组重建后的外耳道结构正常,无闭锁或狭窄情况发生.中耳乳突腔均接近正常.全部病例均无胆脂瘤复发.结论 开放式鼓室成形术加自体皮质骨外耳道重建术,能有效清除中耳病灶组织、恢复外耳道和中耳的结构,术后听力结果满意,干耳率高,是较为理想的手术方式.     

乳突根治术后自体乳突骨粉重建外耳道后壁的疗效分析

目的 探讨自体乳突骨粉填塞、重建外耳道后壁在开放式乳突根治术后的应用价值.方法 将入选80例(80耳)单侧胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者随机分为乳突腔填塞组(40耳)和对照组(40耳),填塞组行开放式乳突根治术的同时采用自体乳突骨粉填塞乳突腔,重建外耳道后壁,对照组仅行开放式乳突根治术.术后随访3～24个月,对比分析两组患者术后干耳时间和听力提高程度.结果 填塞组术后重建的外耳道后壁无塌陷,较正常外耳道形态稍宽大,且无明显上皮样耵聍堆积;填塞组和对照组干耳时间分别为32.46±7.32天和49.62±6.12天,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);填塞组术前气导平均听阈44.26±7.18 dB HL,气骨导差25.41±7.40 dB,术后3个月气导平均听阈26.56±6.24 dB HL,气骨导差13.27±5.42 dB,对照组术前气导平均听阈45.41±6.35 dB HL,气骨导差24.65±8.16 dB,术后3个月气导平均听阈35.87±5.26 dB HL,气骨导差19.05±5.85 dB,填塞组和对照组术后3个月与同组术前相比听力均提高(P<0.05),填塞组术后3个月气导听力提高大于对照组(P<0.05),且气骨导差较对照组明显缩小(P<0.05).结论 乳突根治术后自体乳突皮质骨粉填塞有助于缩小术后乳突残腔及形成光滑的外耳道,有利于改善听力,缩短干耳时间,避免长期反复清理术腔.     

乳突腔同种异体牙充填在开放式鼓室成形术中的应用

目的 :探讨乳突腔同种异体牙充填并上鼓室外侧壁重建的开放式鼓室成形术的手术疗效。方法 :对5 2例 (5 2耳 )胆脂瘤型及骨疡型中耳炎患者 ,根治病灶后 ,以同种异体牙乳突腔充填并上鼓室外侧壁重建 ,同期行开放式鼓室成形术。结果 :术后 4 8耳外耳道形态接近正常生理状态 ;4 6耳鼓膜移植物生长良好 ;干耳率 92 .3% ,干耳时间平均 (17.6± 4 .2 )d。术后气导听力提高在 15dBHL以上者为 4 1耳 ,气骨导差小于 2 0dBHL者为 31耳。结论 :乳突腔同种异体牙充填并上鼓室外侧壁重建的开放式鼓室成形术 ,可较好地恢复外耳道和中耳的解剖结构和生理功能 ,听力提高远期效果显著     

上鼓室重建及鼓室成形术在开放式乳突根治中的应用

目的 探讨重建上鼓室外侧壁在开放式乳突根治中的意义。方法 选择开放式乳突根治的病人，同时应用同种异体鼻中隔软骨或自体乳突皮质骨，重建上鼓室外侧壁，完成上鼓室成形术20例。结果 20例手术均获得干耳，术后3～6个月平均气导听力提高20dB以上4耳，l0～20dB 13耳。结论 应用同种异体鼻中隔软骨或自体乳突皮质骨，重建上鼓室外侧壁，能改善行开放式乳突根治病人的听力。     

软壁外耳道重建的鼓室成形术

目的:观察软壁外耳道重建的鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的疗效。方法:73例(76耳)胆脂瘤中耳炎患者行开放式乳突病变切除鼓室成形术,以耳后肌骨膜瓣行软壁外耳道重建,不做耳甲腔成形术,应用自体乳突皮质骨或砧骨雕刻后行听骨链重建。观察术后外耳道的形态和功能、术后听力以及有无并发症。结果:本组平均干耳时间为术后(21.1±3.1)d。术后外耳道形态基本正常,保持了正常的功能。随访6～24个月,术后气导听力平均改善(14.5±6.1)dB HL。结论:应用耳后肌骨膜瓣行软壁外耳道重建的鼓室成形术能使外耳道的形态和功能基本恢复正常,无需行耳甲腔成形术,听力改善满意。     

开放式与完壁式鼓室成形伴听骨链重建术后效果对比分析

目的比较开放式与完壁式鼓室成形伴听骨链重建治疗中耳胆脂瘤的疗效,探讨中耳胆脂瘤手术方式的选择。方法 90耳中耳胆脂瘤分别行开放式鼓室成形伴听骨链重建术与完壁式鼓室成形术伴听骨链重建术。术后均随诊24个月,以术后干耳率、纯音平均听阈、平均气骨导差和听骨链重建成功率为指标进行评价,比较两组的疗效。结果开放式鼓室成形术后干耳率100%,未出现胆脂瘤复发;听力重建成功率62.8%。完壁式鼓室成形术后干耳率81.8%,胆脂瘤复发4耳(10.50%);听力重建成功率68.4%。结论开放式鼓室成形伴听骨链重建术是治疗中耳胆脂瘤安全有效的术式,术后干耳率高,并发症少,复发率低,听力重建效果良好。     

钛网应用于开放式鼓室成形术32例

目的 探讨应用钛网重建外耳道后壁并上鼓室外侧壁开放式鼓室成形术中的手术疗效。方法 胆脂瘤型及骨疡型中耳炎患者32例（32耳）根治病灶后,均应用钛网重建外耳道后壁并上鼓室外侧壁,同期行开放式鼓室成形术。结果 术后30耳外耳道形态接近正常生理状态,29耳鼓膜移植物生长良好,干耳率90.62%,干耳时间平均（15.89±4.02）d。术后气导听力提高在15dBHL以上者27耳,区骨导差＜20dBHL者22耳。结论 应用钛网重建外耳道后壁并上鼓室外侧壁的开放式鼓室成形术,可较好地恢复外耳道和中耳的解剖结构和生理功能,患者听力提高远期效果显著。     

保留或重建部分外耳道后骨壁的乳突根治鼓室成形术

目的探讨乳突根治鼓室成形术中保留或重建部分外耳道后骨壁对提高胆脂瘤型中耳炎术后患者的干耳率及听力水平的意义.方法保留部分外耳道后壁24例、25耳,重建外耳道部分后壁6例、6耳,均行I期鼓室成形术.结果 术后随访11个月～4年,术后干耳并提高听力达实用听力(25dB以上)23耳,治愈率 82.1%;复发4耳,复发率12.9%.结论在乳突根治鼓室成形术中保留或重建部分外耳道后骨壁有利于增加中耳含气腔,提高听力;且有利于术后观察乳突腔病变, 避免胆脂瘤复发,提高干耳率.     

中耳乳突外科中的自体骨粉乳突填充与外耳道成形

目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎乳突填充外耳道成形手术的处理方法及手术理念.方法总结分析1998年1月～2004年1月间经2年以上随访的548例（耳）乳突根治及乳突鼓室成形术同时以自体乳突皮质骨粉行乳突填充、重建外耳道后壁耳道成形的病例,基本术式包括切除外耳道后壁的乳突鼓室成形术、保留骨桥的乳突鼓室成形术、乳突根治术.结果乳突填充外耳道成形术后外耳道形态良好,愈合时间显著缩短,术后复发率低,效果良好,符合外耳道生理及形态学要求.结论对于乳突开放或乳突根治的病例,在彻底清除病灶的基础上同时行乳突腔填充外耳道成形术,恢复外耳道解剖形态,应作为乳突手术的重要步骤之一;同时填充封闭上鼓室、鼓窦,以防回缩袋形成,减少胆脂瘤复发的潜在危险,乳突皮质骨粉为理想填充材料.     

胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎乳突根治并Ⅰ期鼓室成形术

目的 探讨胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎乳突根治并Ⅰ期鼓室成形术的术式选择、手术适应证及疗效.方法 回顾性分析78例（78耳）慢性化脓性中耳炎（胆脂瘤型58耳,骨疡型20耳）患者的手术方法及随访1～2年的效果,根据病变范围与程度不同,选择不同术式的乳突根治并Ⅰ期鼓室成形术,保留外耳道后壁乳突切开（完壁式）鼓室成形术28例,切除外耳道后壁乳突切开（开放式）鼓室成形术40例,上鼓室鼓窦开放、上鼓室外侧壁重建鼓室成形术6例,开放式乳突根治外耳道后壁重建鼓室成形术4例.结果 术后2个月干耳率为94.87%（74/78）,语频听力提高≥15dB占73.07%（57/78）,完壁式乳突根治加鼓室成形术后胆脂瘤复发率为14.28%（4/28）,开放式乳突根治加鼓室成形术后鼓膜穿孔率为15.00%（6/40）.结论 根据颞骨CT、听力学检查及临床特征,选择适当手术径路及方式,既可根除病灶,又可行听功能重建,提高干耳率与听力,故乳突根治Ⅰ期行鼓室成形术是有效可行的,但要指出,行完壁式根治伴鼓室成形术要严格掌握适应证,病变要轻并局限在上鼓室,同时要彻底清理胆脂瘤上皮,避免复发.     

保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨局限于上鼓室区病变的慢性化脓性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤行上鼓室径路保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术的长期临床疗效.方法 诊断慢性化脓性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤47例(47耳)患者,结合患者专科检查,依据手术方式不同分A、B两组,A组行上鼓室径路保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术,B组行完壁式乳突切开+鼓室成形术.术后随访5～7...     

完整骨性外耳道鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎疗效观察

目的 探讨完整骨性外耳道鼓室成形术对骨性外耳道缺损重建及对听力、干耳、术后大术腔引起耳部不适症状的影响。方法 2006～2010年收治胆脂瘤型中耳炎72例,按手术方式分为两组：对照组为开放式,采用乳突根治术或改良乳突根治术;观察组为完整骨性外耳道鼓室成形术,术中在彻底切除病变组织的同时保留或重建骨性外耳道。结果 与传统乳突根治术或改良乳突根治术相比,完整骨性外耳道鼓室成形术在听力提高、干耳及消除不适症状方面有更好疗效。结论 胆脂瘤型中耳炎术中保留或重建骨性耳道对术后提高听力、尽早干耳及消除“根治腔病”疗效显著。     

Hearing after surgery for cholesteatoma using various techniques

The late results in 740 patients with cholesteatoma subjected to one-stage canal wall down mastoidectomy (262 patients), modified canal wall up mastoidectomy (324 patients), and tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy (154 patients) were analyzed with regard to hearing and the condition of the drum. Mean observation time was 9.3 years, range 3-21 years. Postoperative hearing (air bone gap and pure tone average) and as hearing at the last evaluation was significantly better in the canal wall up group, than in the canal wall down group, but also the preoperative hearing was better in the canal wall up group. The postoperative hearing was best in the group with tympanoplasty only without mastoidectomy. It is concluded that no single method is optimal in all cases of cholesteatoma and that cholesteatoma surgery should be individualized.     

Reconstruction of outer attic wall defects using bone paté: long-term clinical and histological evaluation

The objective was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of the bony outer attic wall reconstruction (scutumplasty) by using autogenous bone paté in a series of patients who underwent canal wall up (CWU) mastoidectomy for middle ear cholesteatoma. In addition, an histological analysis of bone paté graft specimens taken during the second-look procedure 12 months after the first surgery, was carried out. A series of 134 ears from 128 patients with cholesteatoma who underwent staged CWU mastoidectomy and attic reconstruction with bone paté, between 1995 and 2000 inclusive, was retrospectively analyzed. In ten randomly selected ears, biopsies from the newly built outer attic wall were taken during the second-look operation and were microscopically analyzed. At the second stage operation, the bone paté graft was found normal in 64.9% of cases. In 39 (29.1%) patients there was a remarkable hypertrophy of the bone paté which was subsequently thinned out by using a diamond burr. A partial resorption of the bone paté was observed in 4.4% of ears and a total resorption in 1.4%. Residual cholesteatoma was found in 13.4% of ears. At the last follow-up visit, recurrent cholesteatoma was observed in 5.2% of ears. Self cleaning attic retraction pocket occurred in 4.4% of ears. Twelve months after implantation, histologic examination on the newly built bone showed a well-structured bony tissue. In particular, osteoblasts lined bone trabeculae with signs of an active tissue remodeling. In conclusion, the reconstruction of the outer attic wall should be considered a fundamental step when performing a CWU procedure in order to prevent attic retractions and recurrences of cholesteatoma. In our experience, autogenous bone paté graft has demonstrated good long-term results in outer attic wall reconstruction being adaptable, well tolerated, stable and of low cost.     

Canal wall window mastoidectomy for extensive labyrinthine cholesteatoma: total dissection and hearing preservation

This case report highlights outcomes of a 6-year-old patient who preserved functional hearing after complete dissection of an extensive labyrinthine cholesteatoma causing two semicircular canals fistulas with endolymph leak, tympanic and labyrinthine fallopian canal erosion of the facial nerve and internal auditory canal invasion with cerebrospinal fluid leak. The patient preserved 40 dB average of bone conduction threshold and 92% of speech discrimination score at 26 months postoperatively. This article reveals that canal wall window mastoidectomy might be an option even in cases of extensive cholesteatomatous labyrinthine fistula therefore avoiding hearing loss and long life cleaning of a canal wall down mastoid cavity.     

上鼓室填塞术在开放式鼓室成形术中的应用

目的 探讨上鼓室填塞术在开放式鼓室成形术中的作用.方法 2010年～2015年对100例(100耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎患者行开放式鼓室成形术,术中均采用自体骨粉填塞上鼓室,术后6个月复查纯音听阈,随访1～5年,观察术后术腔及听力恢复情况.结果 100例(100耳)中,术后1～6月发生术腔感染5耳,术后1年再次发生内陷袋1耳;0.5、1、2 kHz气导纯音平均听阈由术前的43.2±2.3 dB HL下降至术后的29.8±1.7 dB HL(P＜0.01),术后气骨导差较术前缩小10.6±0.5 dB (P＜0.01).结论 开放式鼓室成形术中上鼓室自体骨粉填塞可以防止术后内陷袋再次形成,术后听力恢复满意,但前提是必须彻底清除病变.     

保持外耳道后壁完整的上鼓室切开软骨重建技术在中耳炎手术中的应用

目的观察在保持外耳道后壁完整的情况下,上鼓室切开软骨重建技术在中耳炎手术中的应用及疗效。方法对45例（耳）中耳胆脂瘤和13例（耳）活动期中耳炎患者,在保留外耳道后壁乳突切开、上鼓室外侧壁切除或及经砧骨窝向下开放面隐窝,清除听骨链区（包括上鼓室、中后鼓室）及鼓窦乳突区病变后,行上鼓室软骨封闭重建术,术后随访12～36个月,观察术后中耳炎胆脂瘤复发、鼓膜形态及听力提高等情况。结果58例（耳）术后重建的上鼓室外侧壁与保留的外耳道后壁相连接。本组病例中6例术后外耳道后壁肿胀或皮肤缺损,继续换药4~5次后愈合良好;3例患者出院后仍有少量流脓,鼓膜边缘穿孔,门诊局部给药后延迟愈合;3例听骨脱出、2例鼓膜再穿孔、2例24个月后原胆脂瘤复发,行开放式手术后治愈。术后6个月复查纯音听力测试,并与术前进行比较,听力均有不同程度提高,0.5、1、2 kHz气骨导差平均减10 dB,气导听阈平均提高15 dB 左右。结论在保持外耳道后壁完整的情况下,上鼓室切开软骨重建技术在中耳炎外科手术中的应用,既能够充分暴露病变,病灶清除彻底,同时又保留了外耳道的形态,可有效防止鼓膜回缩袋的形成,降低了胆脂瘤的复发,又避免了开放式手术所残留的宽大术腔。术后鼓膜形态恢复良好,从而保持或提高了患者的听力。     

中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎手术临床分析

目的　探讨中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎术式选择及临床效果。方法　对110例中耳乳突病变,包括中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎,根据范围显微镜下实施完壁式或开放式乳突根治,部分同时鼓室成形术,随访术后干耳状况、并发症、复发情况以及术后听力改善程度等。结果　110例患者中66例中耳胆脂瘤、44例慢性化脓性中耳炎,出现颅内外并发症者7例。手术方式：51例（46.36%）行完壁式乳突根治术,46例（41.81%）同时行鼓室成形术,59例（53.64%）行开放式乳突根治术。完壁式乳突根治术后听 力提高＞25 dB 37例（33.64%）,＞15 dB 14例（12.72%）;开放式乳突根治术后听力提高＞15 dB 5例（4.55%）,听力减退4例（3.64%）,比较手术前后言语频率区平均听阈,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后随访1年发现开放式和完壁式两组胆脂瘤复发共4例。结论　中耳胆脂瘤与慢性化脓性中耳炎通过选择恰当手术方式可获得较好的临床疗效。     

改良完壁式乳突根治——鼓室成形术

目的慢性中耳炎是常见的多发病,但治疗上还存在一些问题,本研究采用完壁式乳突根治-鼓膜夹层法修复鼓室成形术,探讨治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎临床疗效。方法选择慢性化脓性中耳炎85例(耳),行完壁式乳突根治-鼓膜夹层法修复鼓室成形术,对手术方法和临床疗效进行分析。SPSS14.0统计软件统计,采用校正的chi-squaretest检验。结果 85例(耳)总有效70例(82.4%,70/85),术前骨导听阈提高与病程长短、胆脂瘤无关(P>0.05),与听骨链中断、固定有相关性(P<0.05),听骨链的破坏吸收、肉芽包绕、固定会造成术前骨导听阈提高,该术式带蒂的"袖状"外耳道、鼓膜上皮瓣覆盖移植膜,具有良好的固位作用,较好地保留了鼓膜自然形态,听阈达到或保持在应用水平63例(74.1%,63/85)。鼓膜一期愈合率为96.47%(82/85)。结论手术适应证的正确选择的基础上,彻底清除病变是手术成功的关键所在,完壁式乳突根治-鼓膜夹层法修复鼓室成形术,最大限度地保留或还原了患者正常的中耳及外耳道的正常生理结构,提高了听力功能。     

Treatment of sinus cholesteatoma. Long-term results and recurrence rate

We classified cholesteatomas as attic cholesteatoma, developing from Shrapnell's membrane; tensa cholesteatoma, originating in pars tensa, which is subdivided into tensa retraction cholesteatoma involving the entire pars tensa, and sinus cholesteatomas, developing from a posterosuperior retraction (perforation). From 1964 to 1980, one-stage operations were carried out on 271 ears with sinus cholesteatomas. Follow-up included 90% of the patients, and the median observation time was 9.75 years. The recurrence rate was 10%. The recurrence rate was found to be independent of the mastoidectomy type employed. The best hearing results were obtained in ears with intact ossicular chain. We conclude that, wherever possible, sinus cholesteatoma should be removed through the auditory canal without mastoidectomy just as an intact ossicular chain should be preserved. "Canal wall up" and "canal wall down" appear to be equally valuable mastoidectomy types, and both methods must be employed to obtain optimum results.