急性脑梗死危险因素96例临床分析

目的 探讨脑梗死的危险因素.方法 对脑梗死组及对照组血压、血糖、血脂、凝血四项和血液流变学进行检测和统计学分析.结果 脑梗死组舒张压、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、红细胞刚性指数与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、血浆凝血酶时间(TT),血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)、全血黏度中切和低切、全血还原黏度中切、红细胞比积2组有显著差异(P<0.005).结论 高血压、高脂血症、血液的高凝状态和黏度的增高是脑梗死的主要危险因素.     

术前匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响

目的 探讨术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响。方法 选取27例拟行间接颅内外血管重建术的烟雾病患者,于入院第二天取空腹血液行血液流变学检查为对照组,并在拟行手术前一天晚上开始禁饮、禁食后予以静脉匀速补液至入手术室前并再次采血行血液流变学检查为实验组;对比两组之间的全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数。结果 对照组的血液粘度指标中的全血低切粘度、红细胞压积及红细胞变形指标中的红细胞聚集指数均高于实验组,而对照组红细胞变形指标中的红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数低于实验组,均有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液能够降低烟雾病患者血液粘度并提高红细胞的变形性。     

依达拉奉联合脑心通治疗老年进展型脑梗死的临床疗效

目的分析依达拉奉联合脑心通治疗老年进展型脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 120例老年进展型脑梗死患者随机分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组采用依达拉奉治疗,观察组采用依达拉奉联合脑心通治疗。比较2组疗效,治疗前后神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS)、日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分及血液流变学指标。结果治疗14d后观察组NIHSS评分显著低于对照组,ADL量表评分显著高于对照组,观察组总有效率为85.00%,显著高于对照组的65.00%(P0.05)。治疗后第14天观察组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、全血中切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数均显著低于对照组,(P0.05)。结论依达拉奉联合脑心通能有效改善PCI神经功能缺失,促进患者日常生活能力的恢复,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

术前匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响

目的探讨术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响。方法选取27例拟行间接颅内外血管重建术的烟雾病患者,于入院第二天取空腹血液行血液流变学检查为对照组,并在拟行手术前一天晚上开始禁饮、禁食后予以静脉匀速补液至入手术室前并再次采血行血液流变学检查为实验组;对比两组之间的全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数。结果对照组的血液粘度指标中的全血低切粘度、红细胞压积及红细胞变形指标中的红细胞聚集指数均高于实验组,而对照组红细胞变形指标中的红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数低于实验组,均有统计学差异(P 0.05)。结论术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液能够降低烟雾病患者血液粘度并提高红细胞的变形性。     

脑梗死急性期患者血液流变临床特点分析

目的探讨脑梗死急性期患者血液流变临床特点。方法选择2012-04—2015-06在我院接受治疗的86例急性期脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)血液流变学标本,与在我院体检的健康者的血液流变学标本(正常组)进行对比分析。结果男性正常组与脑梗死组血液流变检测结果比较,脑梗死组较对照组红细胞比积、全血比黏高切、全血比黏低切、血比黏度、血沉、红细胞电泳时、纤维蛋白原均有明显改变,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。女性正常组与脑梗死组血液流变检测结果比较,脑梗死组较对照组红细胞比积、全血比黏高切、全血比黏低切、血比黏度、红细胞沉降率、红细胞电泳时、纤维蛋白原均有明显改变,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑梗死组有血液流变学改变占98.84%,其中以高压积型、高聚集型、全高型为主,正常型仅占1.16%。结论脑梗死急性期患者血液流变改变分型以高压积型、高聚集型、全高型为主,临床特点为高稠、高黏、高凝,脑梗死急性期患者全血比黏高切、全血比黏低切、红细胞比积、红细胞沉降率、纤维蛋白原、红细胞聚集指数均明显增高。     

急性脑出血患者血液流变学指标变化的相关研究

目的探讨血液流变学指标在急性脑出血中的变化规律和临床价值。方法于发病24 h内检测100例急性期脑出血患者(脑出血组)的血液流变学指标,并与30名正常对照者(正常对照组)进行比较。分析高血压病史、出血量、出血部位对血液流变学指标的影响。结果与正常对照组比较,脑出血组全血黏度、血浆黏度和血沉均升高,红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数和红细胞压积均降低(均P0.01)。其中,高血压性脑出血组各指标均变化显著(均P0.01),非高血压性脑出血组中仅全血黏度(200 s~(-1)和50 s~(-1))、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞压积和血沉变化有统计学意义(P0.05~0.01)。与非高血压性脑出血患者比较,高血压性脑出血患者除血沉外,其余指标均变化显著(均P0.05)。随着血肿量增加,脑出血患者全血黏度(200 s~(-1)和50 s~(-1))和血浆黏度均升高,红细胞聚集指数下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05~0.01)。不同出血部位脑出血患者200 s~(-1)和1 s~(-1)全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数及血沉差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论急性脑出血患者广泛存在着血液流变学异常,提示脑出血急性期血液呈现浓、黏、聚、凝状态且合并高血压者变化显著。随着血肿量增加,血液流变学变化明显,不同出血部位影响也不同。     

易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠血液流变学分析

目的 探讨易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠血液流变学的变化。方法 运用双肾双夹法建立易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠模型,常规饲养4个月后检测其血液流变学的变化。结果 术后4个月,易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠的低切、中切、高切全血粘度、红细胞比积、低切全血还原粘度均显著高于正常血压大鼠。结论 易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠具备了高血压病的血液流变学改变,是研究高血压性脑卒中的理想模型。     

60 g/L中分子羟乙基淀粉（130/0.4）高容量血液稀释对老年患者血液流变学的影响

背景：新型60 g/L羟乙基淀粉是目前容量治疗的血浆代用品,用其扩容对组织氧合更有利,更能改善微循环并减少内皮细胞肿胀。 目的：观察先后输注乳酸钠林格液和新型60 g/L中分子羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)急性高容量血液稀释后对老年患者血液流变学的影响。 设计、时间及地点：随机对照临床观察,于2007-03/12在天津医科大学总医院完成。 对象：择期腹部手术患者20例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为平衡液组10例和60 g/L中分子羟乙基淀粉组10例。 方法：建立通畅静脉通路行急性高容量血液稀释,平衡液组以15 mL/(kg•h)速度输入乳酸钠林格液1 000 mL;60 g/L中分子羟乙基淀粉组先以同样速度给予乳酸钠林格液500 mL,继之等速输入羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)氯化钠注射液500 mL,术中维持输液用乳酸钠林格液。 主要观察指标：测定急性高容量血液稀释前后患者全血黏度高切变率、低切变率、血浆黏度、血细胞比容、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数等指标。 结果：①急性高容量血液稀释后,平衡液组全血高切黏度明显降低(P < 0.05);60 g/L中分子羟乙基淀粉组全血高切黏度和低切黏度均明显降低(P < 0.01);两组比较差异无显著性意义 (P > 0.05)。②急性高容量血液稀释前后两组血浆黏度和全血还原黏度均无明显变化(P > 0.05)。两组比较差异无显著性意义 (P > 0.05)。③急性高容量血液稀释后两组红细胞聚集指数和红细胞刚性指数均降低,60 g/L中分子羟乙基淀粉组降低显著(P < 0.05)。两组比较差异无显著性意义 (P > 0.05)。 结论：先后输注乳酸钠林格液和60 g/L羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)氯化钠注射液能够优化血液流变学状态。     

银杏达莫注射液对椎基底动脉供血不足血液流变学的影响

目的 比较银杏达莫注射液与盐酸川芎嗪注射液对椎基底动脉供血不足血液流变学的影响.方法 80例椎基底动脉供血不足患者分为治疗组45例和对照组35例,治疗组给予20ml银杏达莫注射液,对照组给予300mg盐酸川芎嗪注射液,两药分别加入0.9%的氯化钠注射液500ml和5%的葡萄糖注射液500ml中静滴,qd,连续15d.检测治疗前及治疗15d后血液流变学指标.结果 治疗组在治疗后低切全血黏度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞比积、红细胞聚集度指数、血小板聚集率等方面明显下降(P＜0.05),且下降程度优于对照组.高切全血黏度、血浆粘度在治疗前后2组下降差异无显著性(P＞0.05).治疗组的红细胞变形性指数有显著性升高(P＜0.05).结论 银杏达莫注射液与盐酸川芎嗪注射液均能改变椎基底动脉供血不足血液流变学状态,但银杏达莫注射液优于盐酸川芎嗪注射液.     

缺血性脑卒中的血液流变学分析

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中的危险因素.方法对90例缺血性脑卒中和80例健康者对照组进行血流变学分析.结果缺血性脑卒中患者的全血高切值、全血中切值(H,L)、全血低切值、血浆粘稠度、全血高切还原粘度、全血低切还原粘度、红细胞刚性指数、纤维蛋白原明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论全血高切还原粘度、全血低切还原粘度、红细胞刚性指数、纤维蛋白原、血浆粘稠度增高是缺血性脑卒中的危险因素.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。