蛇毒解聚素在裸鼠胶质瘤模型中的干预治疗作用研究

目的研究蛇毒解聚素（CN）对裸鼠人脑胶质瘤动物模型的治疗可行性,探讨蛇毒解聚素抑制U87胶质瘤裸鼠移植瘤生长的作用机制。方法建立BALB／c裸鼠U87胶质瘤移植瘤模型,将荷瘤裸鼠随机分为2组,采用间质内注射给药方法。蛇毒解聚素按40μg每次给药。定期观察肿瘤生长情况,测量肿瘤体积,绘制肿瘤生长曲线并计算抑瘤率。全部BALB／c裸鼠移植瘤石蜡标本用SP法免疫组化染色,检测移植瘤组织中的微血管计数（MVD）,Ki-67标记指数以及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）。结果与溶媒对照组相比,蛇毒解聚素组均能抑制肿瘤生长（P〈0．01）,其体积抑瘤率为50％,并能明显降低肿瘤微血管密度、能下调移植瘤组织中bFGF的蛋白表达及Ki-67标记指数。结论蛇毒解聚素能明显抑制U87裸鼠移植瘤生长。     

白藜芦醇对裸鼠U87细胞移植瘤生长及血管生成的影响

目的 研究白藜芦醇(Res)对人脑胶质瘤系U87细胞的体内抗癌活性及血管生成的影响. 方法 BALB/c裸鼠20只,背部皮下接种胶质瘤细胞U87建立皮下移植瘤模型.随机数字表法分为10、100mg/kgRes治疗组,溶剂对照组,空白对照组,每组5只.观察4组裸鼠移植瘤的生长曲线并应用免疫组织化学法检测瘤组织中微血管密度(MVD)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达:采用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测瘤组织细胞的凋亡. 结果与空白对照组及溶剂对照组相比,100 mg/kg Res治疗组裸鼠移植瘤的体积、重量降低;100 mg/kg Res治疗组瘤组织中MVD、VEGF的表达明显降低,凋亡细胞数增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 Res对U87人脑胶质瘤细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长具有明显抑制作用,这可能与Res导致U87移植瘤细胞凋亡及血管生成减少有关.     

白藜芦醇对裸鼠U87细胞移植瘤生长及血管生成的影响

目的 研究白藜芦醇(Res)对人脑胶质瘤系U87细胞的体内抗癌活性及血管生成的影响. 方法 BALB/c裸鼠20只,背部皮下接种胶质瘤细胞U87建立皮下移植瘤模型.随机数字表法分为10、100mg/kgRes治疗组,溶剂对照组,空白对照组,每组5只.观察4组裸鼠移植瘤的生长曲线并应用免疫组织化学法检测瘤组织中微血管密度(MVD)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达:采用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测瘤组织细胞的凋亡. 结果与空白对照组及溶剂对照组相比,100 mg/kg Res治疗组裸鼠移植瘤的体积、重量降低;100 mg/kg Res治疗组瘤组织中MVD、VEGF的表达明显降低,凋亡细胞数增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 Res对U87人脑胶质瘤细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长具有明显抑制作用,这可能与Res导致U87移植瘤细胞凋亡及血管生成减少有关.     

IFN-β裸DNA对人脑胶质瘤生长的抑制作用

目的探讨β干扰素(IFN-β)基因对人脑胶质瘤生长的抑制作用,以及人IFN-β裸DNA治疗人脑胶质瘤的可行性.方法建立裸鼠SHG44胶质瘤模型,用脂质体包埋法将含IFN-β基因的真核表达载体(pSV2IFN β)注入裸鼠皮下SHG44脑胶质瘤,观察肿瘤生长情况并计算肿瘤体积,通过免疫组化、原位末端转移酶标记(TUNEL)染色以及瘤体坏死区计数检测,了解IFN-β基因对人脑胶质瘤生长的抑制作用.结果 IFN-β在荷瘤裸鼠瘤体内获得表达,裸鼠皮下胶质瘤生长受到抑制,并诱导SHG44胶质瘤细胞凋亡.结论 IFN-β裸DNA能够抑制人脑胶质瘤生长,该实验为IFN-β基因治疗人脑胶质瘤的应用奠定了初步基础.     

人IFN-β基因脂质体对胶质瘤裸鼠移植模型及其血管生成的抑制作用

目的探讨人β-干扰素(IFN-β)基因脂质体pSV2IFN-β对人胶质瘤裸鼠移植模型生长及其血管生成的影响。方法将30只裸鼠随机分为3组,以人脑胶质瘤细胞系SHG44建立荷瘤裸鼠动物模型。治疗组隔天给予pSV2IFN-β基因脂质体瘤内注射,对照组瘤内注射同体积的PBS或空载体,观察和比较各组裸鼠肿瘤的体积、重量和肿瘤的微血管密度(MVD)。结果在肿瘤细胞种植28d时,裸鼠肿瘤体积:空白对照组(1742.3±354.3)mm3,空载体组(1632.4±358.6)mm3,治疗组(482.6±45.3)mm3;肿瘤重量:空白对照组(6.1±0.6)g,空载体组(6.0±0.5)g,治疗组(2.2±0.5)g;肿瘤MVD:空白对照组51.2±6.4,空载体组49.3±7.0,治疗组26.1±4.3。治疗组裸鼠肿瘤体积、重量和MVD显著小于空白对照组和空载体组(P=0.000),肿瘤的抑制率达72.3%。结论人IFN-β基因脂质体pSV2IFN-β对胶质瘤裸鼠移植模型的肿瘤生长及血管生成有显著的抑制作用。     

环氧化酶-2抑制剂对裸鼠胶质瘤移植瘤Ang基因表达的影响

目的 探讨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂尼米舒利(NIM)对裸鼠胶质瘤移植瘤血管生成素(Ang)基因表达的影响及意义.方法 人胶质瘤SHG44细胞接种于裸鼠皮下,建立裸鼠胶质瘤移植瘤模型,并按随机数字表法分为对照组(灌注等量生理盐水)和NIM治疗组[6 mg/(kg·d)],逆转录PCR技术检测移植瘤组织Ang-1、Ang-2mRNA表达,免疫组织化学染色测定肿瘤组织微血管密度(MVD),并绘制肿瘤生长曲线和计算肿瘤抑制率.结果 NIM可有效抑制移植瘤的生长,其抑瘤率为42.03%.NIM治疗组肿瘤组织Ang-2 mRNA表达水平(0.2032±0.0185)较对照组(0.6024±0.0289)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Ang-1 mRNA表达水平无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Ang-2/Ang-1 mRNA比值下降(0.5825±0.0621vs 1.5847±0.1948),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).NIM治疗组肿瘤组织MVD较对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 COX-2抑制剂NIM可下调Ang-2基因表达,改变Ang-2/Ang-1 mRNA比值,抑制肿瘤生长.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of nimesulide (NIM), a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on angiopoietins (Ang) gene expression of human glioma xenografts in nude mice and its significance. Methods Human SHG44 glioma cells were inoculated subcutaneously in 16 nude mice to establish xenograft models, and then these mouse models were randomly divided into NIM treatment group and control group. NIM (6 mg/kg) and saline were poured into the stomachs of the mice in each group, respectively, once daily for 35 d. The mRNA expressions of Ang-1 gene and Ang-2 gene in the xenografts were determined by RT-PCR. Microvessel density (MVD) in the xenografts was assessed by immunohistochemical technique. The tumor growth curve was drawn and the inhibition ratio of tumor growth was calculated. Results NIM could significantly inhibit the glioma xenografts growth with its inhibition rate reaching 42.03%. The mRNA expression of Ang-2 gene in NIM treatment group (0.2032±0.0185) was significantly lower than that in control group (0.6024±0.0289, P＜0.05), but that of Ang-1 gene showed no significant changes; therefore, the mRNA ratio of Ang-2/Ang-1 genes was decreased (0.5825±0.0621 vs. 1.5847±0.1948, P＜0.05). MVD in the xenografts of the NIM treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion NIM, by down-regulating the mRNA expression ofA ng-2 gene and changing the mRNA ratio of Ang-2/Ang-1 genes, can inhibit the tumor growth     

重构型Caspase-3对人脑胶质瘤抑瘤效应的实验研究

目的 探讨重构型Caspase-3对裸鼠皮下人脑胶质瘤生长的影响.方法 用脂质体包裹法将重构型Caspase-3基因的真核表达载体pcDNA-Rev-Caspase-3注入裸鼠皮下SHG 44人脑胶质瘤内,观察肿瘤生长情况并计算抑瘤率,结合病理组织学、电镜确定重构型Caspase-3对人脑胶质瘤的作用.结果 重构型Caspase-3在荷瘤裸鼠瘤体内获得表达,裸鼠肿瘤生长受到抑制,抑瘤率达到46.1%.结论 重构型Caspase-3能够促进肿瘤凋亡,导致肿瘤细胞死亡,抑制人脑胶质瘤生长.为进一步研究胶质瘤的基因治疗打下了基础.     

CDC2敲低治疗人脑胶质瘤的实验研究

目的 提供CDC2作为胶质瘤发生发展相关新分子的实验依据.方法 构建针对目的 基因的shRNA逆转录病毒表达载体;对体外培养的人脑胶质瘤细胞及其裸小鼠移植瘤进行转染,观察与目标基因相关的表型变化;荧光实时定量PCR检测mRNA表达,Western印迹检测蛋白表达;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡的变化.结果 shRNA表达载体使人脑胶质瘤细胞株SHG44 CDC2的mRNA、蛋白表达显著下调,同时出现了明显的细胞G2/M期阻滞,细胞生长抑制,凋亡增加.裸小鼠皮下移植瘤明显缩小;肿瘤颅内移植裸小鼠生存期明显延长.结论 CDC2基因过表达是胶质瘤发生发展病因分子之一,敲低其表达可使肿瘤的恶性增殖得到控制.     

重组VEGF165-PE38融合基因对裸鼠移植性人胶质瘤血管生成的抑制作用

目的 研究血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A(PE)融合基因的真核表达载体对裸鼠移植性人脑恶性胶质瘤血管生成的影响,探索抗肿瘤血管生成的新方法.方法 采用裸鼠背部皮下注射U251细胞建立移植性恶性胶质瘤模型,9 d后按随机数字表法将裸鼠分为未治疗组、PBS组、空质粒组、重组质粒组,采用HE染色观察肿瘤组织的形态学变化.免疫组织化学SP法检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAF)、CD31、PE的表达.分析肿瘤组织的微血管密度(MVD). 结果 注射后第16天重组质粒组裸鼠移植瘤体积明显小于其他3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重组质粒组裸鼠移植瘤MVD低于其他3组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);重组质粒组裸鼠肿瘤组织PE呈阳性表达,而在空质粒组、PBS组及未治疗组均为阴性表达. 结论 VEGF165-PE38融合基因的表达产物对人脑恶性胶质瘤有明显的抑制作用,并能抑制肿瘤新生血管生成,可能为一种有效抗肿瘤血管治疗的新策略.     

阿苯达唑抑制胶质瘤裸鼠模型肿瘤生长

目的 探讨阿苯达唑（ABZ）对胶质瘤裸鼠模型肿瘤生长的影响。方法 将术中获取的胶质母细胞组织消化为单细胞悬液用无血清干细胞培养基进行培养胶质母细胞瘤干细胞（GSC）,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基培养胶质瘤细胞系U87、U251、U172,以25、50、100、200 ng/ml的终浓度ABZ作用细胞,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖。右侧腋窝皮下注射0.2 ml（5×106个细胞）GSC及U87细胞悬液构建胶质瘤裸鼠模型,将30只胶质瘤裸鼠模型随机分为6组,GSC和U87细胞移植各3组,每种移植瘤模型均分为模型组（腹腔注射等体积DMSO）、低剂量ABZ组（腹腔注射ABZ,50 mg/kg）、高剂量ABZ组（腹腔注射ABZ,100 mg/kg）。定时测量肿瘤长径与短径,计算肿瘤体积;PCR法和免疫印迹法检测裸鼠肿瘤组织血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果 ABZ对GSC、U87、U251和A172细胞生长均具有明显抑制效果（P<0.05）,而且抑制效果具有浓度依赖性（P<0.05）,浓度>50 ng/ml抑制效果较好。腹腔注射ABZ后,高剂量和低剂量ABZ组移植瘤体积增长较对照组均明显减慢（P<0.05）。高剂量ABZ组和低剂量ABZ组肿瘤VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平较对照组均明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 ABZ可以抑制胶质瘤裸鼠模型肿瘤生长,可能与抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和血管生成有关。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。