慢性肾脏病患者心血管疾病危险因素探讨

目的探讨慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者心血管疾病的危险因素。方法收集我院542例住院CKD患者的病史、实验室检查和辅助检查结果,将患者根据有无心血管疾病分为2组,根据Logistic回归分析结果探讨心血管疾病的危险因素。结果高龄、高血压、高尿酸血症、贫血、蛋白尿是CKD患者心血管疾病的危险因素;CKD1～5期患者心血管疾病的危险因素各不相同。结论CKD进展和CKD患者心血管疾病的发生拥有部分相同的危险因素;在CKD早期以传统危险因素为主,随着肾功能的恶化,非传统危险因素起主导的作用。     

肥胖与慢性肾脏病患者冠状动脉疾病的关系

目的：了解肥胖对慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者发生冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的影响,并探索体重指数（BMI）、腰围、腰臀比对CAD的预测价值。方法：选取102例非透析CKD患者,分别以BMI、腰围、腰臀比作为肥胖的判定指标,将患者分为肥胖组与非肥胖组,比较各组CAD的患病率。以多因素Logistic回归分析各项肥胖评价指标与CAD的关系。结果：（1）CKD患者的肥胖以中心性肥胖较多见。（2）腰围超标组患者CAD的患病率为39.5%,高于腰围正常组的15.3%,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。以BMI、腰臀比为标准划分的肥胖组与非肥胖组患者CAD患病率差异无统计学意义。（3）多因素Logistic回归分析显示,腰围是CKD患者发生冠状动脉疾病的危险因素,OR值为2.643。结论：肥胖是非透析CKD患者发生CAD的危险因素,腰围可以作为CKD患者冠状动脉疾病的直接预测因素。     

新疆汉族与维吾尔族慢性肾脏病危险因素分析

目的：探讨汉族与维吾尔族与慢性肾脏病（CKD）相关危险因素的异同。方法：收集2010年5月-2014年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院体检中心体检者、肾病科、高血压科、内分泌科CKD患者总共17 520例,其中汉族CKD患者853例,汉族健康体检者899例,维吾尔族CKD患者297例,维吾尔族健康体检者291例。维吾尔族和汉组两民族患者的性别、年龄、肥胖、血脂异常、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、糖代谢紊乱、血尿酸、血压、蛋白尿等相关危险因素,分别进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：健康体检者汉族与维吾尔族相比,糖代谢紊乱比率较高（P〈0.05）,体重偏大、血压偏高、总胆固醇水平较高、血尿酸偏高（均P〈0.05）,CKD患者汉族与维吾尔族相比,糖代谢紊乱比率较高（P〈0.05）,血尿酸偏高、三酰甘油偏高、总胆固醇偏高（均P〈0.05）,年龄较小、血压偏低（均P〈0.05）。经Logistic回归分析结果显示：糖代谢紊乱（OR=1.693,P〈0.000）、高血压（OR=2.110,P〈0.000）、尿酸（OR=1.349,P〈0.05）与汉族CKD独立相关;高血压（OR=46.954,P〈0.000）、血脂异常（OR=1.911,P=0.045）以及蛋白尿（OR=83.052,P〈0.000）与维吾尔族CKD独立相关。结论：高血压是维汉CKD共同的独立危险因素。     

住院患者慢性肾脏病的危险因素分析

目的：回顾性分析慢性肾脏病（CKD）住院患者肾功能进展的危险因素。方法：收集2001年1月1日～2008年12月31日,在我院肾内科首次住院,未接受替代治疗16岁以上CKD患者655例,分析患者的性别、年龄、血压、原发病、肾穿病理、Hb、Alb、PA、UA、Ca2＋、P3-、TC、TG、LDL、HDL及肾功能进展的危险因素。结果：（1）起病较集中在31岁～60岁,占CKD的53.9%。（2）原发性肾小球疾病、糖尿病、高血压（69.5%、8.9%、8.9%）是导致CKD的主要病因。（3）58.2%患者行肾脏穿刺,病理结果以IgA肾病、系膜增生性肾炎、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、微小病变（31.2%、23.6%、11.3%、10.2%）为主。（4）各期患者血尿存在明显统计学差异（P〈0.01）;蛋白尿差异无统计学意义。与CKD1期比较,除PA、TG外,各期SBP、DBP、Hb、Alb、UA、Ca2＋、P3-、TC、LDL、HDL差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（5）多元相关回归分析显示eGFR与Hb呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与年龄、血压、UA呈负相关（P〈0.05）。多元Logistic回归分析显示年龄、贫血、高尿酸血症、高血压是CKD肾功能进展的危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论：原发性肾小球肾炎、糖尿病、高血压是主要病因。年龄、贫血、高尿酸血症、高血压为CKD进展的危险因素。     

新疆墨玉县维吾尔族成人牙周炎与慢性肾脏病患病率的流行病学研究

目的 探讨维吾尔族成人牙周炎与慢性肾脏病（CKD）患病率的关系。 方法 采用分层容量随机抽样方法,从墨玉县364个村抽取15个村18岁以上维吾尔族成人1650人,进行问卷调查、慢性肾损伤指标检测、相关危险因素调查及口腔检查。依据慢性牙周炎的诊断标准,将调查对象分为牙周炎组和非牙周炎组,其中牙周炎组按其严重程度进一步分为轻度牙周炎组、中度牙周炎组和重度牙周炎组。 结果 在资料完整的1415人中,慢性牙周炎患病率为65.2％（95%CI：65.0～65.4）,CKD患病率为5.2%（95%CI：5.1～5.3）,蛋白尿的患病率为4.2%（95%CI：4.1～4.3）,慢性肾功能不全的患病率为1.3%（95%CI：1.3～1.4）。牙周炎组和非牙周炎组CKD患病率差异有统计学意义（6.4%比2.9%,χ2 = 7.841,P = 0.005）。单因素Logistic回归分析显示重度牙周炎为CKD的危险因素（OR = 3.2,95%CI：2.0～5.2）。多因素Logistic回归亦显示重度牙周炎是CKD发生的独立危险因素（OR = 1.9,95%CI：1.1～3.3）。 结论 新疆农村维吾尔族成人是牙周炎的高发人群。牙周炎人群CKD患病率明显高于非牙周炎人群。重度牙周炎是CKD的独立危险因素。     

慢性肾脏病患者钙磷代谢紊乱对心血管事件的影响

目的探讨钙磷代谢紊乱在慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者心血管事件发生中的作用。方法选取我科住院的225例CKD2～5期患者,分为4组,以是否发生心血管事件分为2组,比较各期CKD患者钙磷代谢的差异及发生心血管事件者与未发生心血管事件者之间的差异。结果CKD5期血清钙离子浓度低于CKD2～4期,CKD5期血清磷离子浓度高于CKD2～4期,CKD5期钙磷乘积高于CKD3、4期。225例CKD患者住院期间,64例发生心血管事件,发生率为28．44％。结论对CKD患者,尤其是终末期肾脏病患者存在低钙、高磷、高钙磷乘积;与既往高钙增加一般人群心血管事件发生风险不同的是,低钙是其独立心血管事件危险因素。     

慢性肾脏病住院患者白蛋白尿与心血管疾病相关性研究

目的：研究慢性肾脏病（CKD）住院患者白蛋白尿与心血管疾病（CVD）的相关性,探讨白蛋白尿对非糖尿病CKD患者CVD的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析1245例非糖尿病CKD患者的一般情况、生化指标、心电图、胸部X线、心超及CVD的危险因素。结果：（1）1245例患者中CKD1、2、3、4、5期分别为304例（24.4%）、281例（22.6%）、372例（29.9%）、157例（12.6%）、131例（10.5%）;CKD1～5各期有蛋白尿者分别为208例（68.8%）、194例（69%）、269例（72.3%）、117例（74.5%）、106例（80.9%）。（2）与CKD1期患者相比,CKD2～5期患者年龄、SBP、DBP、Scr、UA明显升高,eGFR、Hb、Alb明显降低（P〈0.05）;CKD3期患者TG、LDL升高,HDL降低（P〈0.05）;CKD4、5期患者TC、LDL、HDL降低;TG升高（P〈0.05）。（3）与CKD同期非白蛋白尿组相比,白蛋白尿组CKD1～5期患者Scr、UA明显升高,Alb明显降低（P〈0.05）;CKD2～5期患者SBP、DBP明显升高,eGFR、Hb明显降低（P〈0.05）;CKD4、5期患者TC、HDL降低,TG、LDL升高（P〈0.05）。（4）CKD患者CVD发病率从CKD1～CKD5期逐步升高（P〈0.05）,白蛋白尿患者CVD发病率以及胸部X片、心电图、心超异常阳性率升高更加明显（P〈0.05）。（5）Logistic回归分析显示CVD与年龄、SBP、UA、TG、白蛋白尿呈现正相关,与GFR、Hb呈现负相关（P〈0.05）。结论：非糖尿病CKD患者CVD发病率随CKD进展而增高,与白蛋白尿密切相关,白蛋白尿是CVD患者心血管疾病危险标志。     

慢性肾脏病患者骨密度与骨代谢生化指标的相关性分析

目的 分析慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）患者骨密度（bone mineral density,BMD）与骨代谢生化指标的相关性,探讨BMD及骨代谢生化指标在慢性肾脏病-矿物质和骨代谢紊乱（chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder,CKD-MBD）早期评估和管理中的价值。 方法 选取2018年1月1日-2019年9月30日就诊于安徽医科大学第二附属医院肾脏内科的CKD3~5D期患者128例,将CKD组分为CKD3期组、CKD4期组、CKD5期非透析组（CKD5ND组）和CKD5期血液透析组（CKD5HD组）。另选取15例健康人员作为对照组。检测血钙（Ca）、血磷（P）、甲状旁腺素（PTH）、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）和血肌酐（SCr）等实验室指标,完善腰椎及左髋关节BMD检查。比较各组间各指标的组间差异,分析腰椎及左髋关节BMD与各指标间的相关性,并利用多元线性回归法分析影响BMD的危险因素。 结果 ①BMD状况：CKD3期组、CKD4期组、CKD5ND期组和CKD5HD期组的左髋关节BMD均低于对照组,并随着CKD分期的进展不断降低（P均<0.05）;各组间腰椎BMD差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。②BALP、Ca、P和LogPTH水平：CKD3期组、CKD4期组、CKD5ND期组和CKD5HD期组的BALP水平均高于对照组（P均<0.05）;CKD5ND期组Ca显著低于其他组（P均<0.05）,CKD5ND期组和CKD5HD期组P显著高于其他组（P<0.05）,CKD5HD期组logPTH水平显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。③相关性分析：Pearson相关分析显示,左髋关节BMD与P、LogPTH、BALP呈负相关（P均<0.05）;腰椎BMD与各项指标之间均无相关性（P均>0.05）。④多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、体质量指数（body mass index,BMI)、SCr和PTH是影响髋关节BMD的危险因素。 结论 与腰椎BMD相比,髋关节BMD是早期骨代谢异常的敏感指标,并随着CKD进展逐渐降低。髋关节BMD与P、PTH和BALP呈负相关,PTH是影响髋关节BMD的危险因素。早期联合检测髋关节BMD和骨代谢生化指标对早期评估和管理CKD-MBD具有重要的价值。     

心脏瓣膜钙化在慢性肾脏病患者中的流行病学研究

目的 调查CKD不同分期患者瓣膜钙化的患病率及特点,了解影响CKD患者瓣膜钙化的可能因素。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年12月广东省人民医院肾内科CKD患者的心脏彩色B超和临床资料。患者分成CKD1-5期、5D期6个组。采用Logistic回归分析与瓣膜钙化相关的因素。结果 1550例CKD患者中,瓣膜钙化者有180例（占11.6%）,瓣环钙化（60%）多于瓣叶钙化（40%）。CKD1-5D期瓣膜钙化患病率依次为：0.6%、3.1%、8.9%、6.8%、4.4%和28.8%。CKD-5D期瓣膜钙化现象随透析龄的延长而增多。Logistic回归分析结果显示,与CKD心脏瓣膜钙化相关的危险因素包括年龄、血钙、iPTH、中重度瓣膜关闭不全、左室肥厚、进入维持性血液透析及伴有心血管合并症。结论 并非所有CKD都易合并瓣膜钙化,其在CKD1-2期非常少见,一旦进入维持性血液透析阶段,合并瓣膜钙化者明显增加。因此,瓣膜钙化的风险需要在CKD人群里分层评估,应重视筛查CKD-5D期患者的瓣膜钙化情况及可调控因素的综合干预。     

慢性肾脏病患者血清肿瘤标志物水平的改变及危险因素分析

目的探讨血清肿瘤标志物在慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney diease,CKD)患者中的表达变化,并分析影响其改变的危险因素。方法收集徐州医科大学附属医院427例CKD患者和420例健康体检者的血清肿瘤标志物[包括甲胎蛋白(α-fetoprotein,AFP)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、CA125、CA199、CA153、总前列腺特异性抗原(total prostate specific antigen,TPSA)]、血清白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、Scr、Hb、年龄、肾小球滤过率等指标,比较两组间差异。通过单因素分析筛出导致CKD患者肿瘤标志物改变的相关因素,并进一步利用多因素Logistic回归分析明确肿瘤指标升高的危险因素。结果 CKD组患者血清TPSA水平和健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),AFP水平低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),CEA、CA125、CA199、CA153水平高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示肾小球滤过率下降是CEA升高危险因素,Alb、Hb下降是CA125升高的危险因素,Alb下降是CA199、CA153升高的危险因素,年龄增大是TPSA升高的危险因素。结论 TPSA在CKD患者中的应用价值和正常人群相同。在根据血清肿瘤指标诊断相关肿瘤时,须结合患者年龄、肾功能、Alb、Hb水平等因素综合分析。     

Predictive value of apolipoprotein B in the risk of progression to renal replacement therapy in diabetic kidney diseases patients

Objective To analyze the predictive value of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in the risk of progression to renal replacement therapy (RRT) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5. Methods The data of DKD patients with CKD stage 3-5 who were hospitalized and followed up with detailed clinical data from January 2011 to November 2014 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively collected. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the CKD-EPI formula. After 2 years of follow-up, the patients were divided into RRT group and non-RRT group according to whether they had entered renal replacement therapy. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of DKD progression to RRT. The predicted value of ApoB in the risk of progression to renal replacement therapy (RRT) of DKD patients within 2 years of follow-up was analyzed by plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). By establishing multiple Cox models, the effect of ApoB elevation on the progression of DKD patients to RRT was analyzed after adjusting for the influencing factors gradually. Results A total of 258 cases were included in this study, including 156 males and 102 females. They were (66.13±11.88) years old (27-91 years old). CKD 3-5 patients were 181 cases, 50 cases and 27 cases respectively. There were 165 cases in the non-RRT group and 93 cases in the RRT group. There were statistically significant difference in hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood phosphorus, ApoB, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, serum cystatin C, eGFR and in the proportion of using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, diuretic, β blockers between the two groups (all P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ApoB was an independent predictor of progression to RRT in patients with DKD within 2 years (HR=2.203, 95% CI 1.352-3.589, P=0.002). The area under the ROC curve of ApoB for DKD progression to RRT within 2 years of follow-up was 0.641 (C-index=0.749, P＜0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, Cox regression analysis showed that for every 1 mmol/L increase in ApoB, the risk of RRT increased by 1.038 times in DKD patients with CKD stage 3-5 (HR=2.038, 95% CI 1.312-3.168, P=0.002). Conclusions ApoB is an independent predictor of progression to RRT with CKD stage 3-5 diabetic kidney disease (DKD). For every 1 mmol/L increase in ApoB, the risk of progression to RRT in patients with CKD 3-5 DKD increases by 1.038 times.     

Chronic kidney disease post-liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Renal disease is a recognized complication of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We aimed to determine the incidence of all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as defined in the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Guidelines. We also wanted to determine the risk factors for development of CKD and its impact on patient survival. METHODS: All patients who underwent cadaveric OLT, from January 1993 until July 2004, were analysed. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined using the equation developed by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Thirty potential risk factors were examined by univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the survival data. RESULTS: A total of 230 patients were included (107 males and 123 females) with a mean age of 47.7 years (4.5-70.35). Mean follow-up was 5.57 years (0.53-16.5). The following was the 10 year cumulative incidence for each stage of CKD: 0/1, 9.61%; 2, 53.71%; 3, 56.77%; 4, 6.11%; 5, 2.62%. Female gender, age, pre-OLT proteinuria, lower GFR from 1 year and higher creatinine from 6 months were associated with progression of CKD. The use of tacrolimus had a favourable impact. A GFR <30 ml/min, the need for re-transplantation and fulminant hepatic failure were all associated with reduced patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate CKD was very prevalent. We identified the risk factors for progression of CKD and also that severe CKD was associated with reduced patient survival.     

Predicting initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease: Developing renal risk scores

Epidemiological studies have raised awareness of the problem of undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) and suggest that early identification and treatment will reduce the global burden of patients requiring dialysis. This has highlighted the twin problems of how to identify subjects for screening and target intervention to those with CKD most likely to progress to end-stage renal disease. Prospective studies have identified risk factors for CKD in the general population as well as risk factors for progression in patients with established CKD. Risk factors may thus be divided into initiating factors and perpetuating factors, with some overlap between the groups. In this paper, we review current data regarding CKD risk factors and illustrate how each may impact upon the mechanisms underlying CKD progression to accelerate loss of renal function. We propose that these risk factors should be used as a basis for developing a renal risk score, analogous to the Framingham risk score for ischemic heart disease, which will allow accurate determination of renal risk in the general population and among CKD patients.     

非透析慢性肾脏病患者高尿酸血症的危险因素分析

目的 探讨和分析非透析慢性肾脏病(non-dialysis chronic kidney disease,ND-CKD)患者高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)的发生率及其相关危险因素.方法 收集2015年1月至2019年12月于山西医科大学第二医院肾内科就诊的540例ND-CKD患者的临床资料,依据HUA...     

Lifestyle modification and progressive renal failure

There is increasing evidence that lifestyle factors impact on the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the risk of progression of CKD. Equally important is the consideration that patients with CKD are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than to reach the stage of end-stage renal failure. It is advantageous that manoeuvres that interfere with progression at the same time also reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Lifestyle factors that aggravate progression include, among others, smoking, obesity and dietary salt intake. Alcohol consumption, according to some preliminary information, has a bimodal relationship to cardiovascular risk and progression, with moderate consumption being protective.     

Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in patients with IgA nephropath

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with IgA nephropathy and find out the risk factors of hyperuricemia, including clinical and pathological characteristics. Methods A retrospective study enrolled 2566 adult patients, who admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from 1996.01 to 2012.12 and diagnosed with biopsy- proven IgA nephropathy was conducted. Results Among 2566 IgA nephropathy patients, the prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 36.6%. Prevalence of hyperuricaemia for CKD stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 was 16.2%, 37.4%, 66.4%, 87.7% and 76.4%, respectively. Adjusting Logistic regression analysis showed male gender, progressive stages of CKD, increased percentage of global glomerulosclerosis were independent risk factors of IgA nephropathy; male gender, progressive stage of CKD, increased level of cholesterol, increased percentage of global glomerulosclerosis were independent risk factors for CKD stage 1 - 2 patients; progressive stages of CKD and increased percentage of global glomerulosclerosis were independent risk factors for CKD stage 3 - 5 patients. Conclusion The prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with IgA nephropathy was 36.6%, and identifying the risk factors associated with hyperuricaemia among different CKD stages of IgA nephropathy will be important to improve our understanding in intervention of this disease.     

Mid-Adulthood Risk Factor Profiles for CKD

Early identification of CKD risk factors may allow risk factor modification and prevention of CKD progression. We investigated the hypothesis that risk factors are present ≥30 years before the diagnosis of CKD in a case-control study using data from the Framingham Offspring Study. Patients with incident CKD (eGFR≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m²) at examination cycles 6, 7, and 8 were age- and sex-matched 1:2 to patients without CKD at baseline (examination 5). CKD risk factors were measured at each examination cycle. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and time period, were constructed to compare risk factor profiles at each time point between cases and controls. During follow-up, 441 new cases of CKD were identified and matched to 882 controls (mean age 69.2 years, 52.4% women). Those who ultimately developed CKD were more likely to have hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 2.51), obesity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.59), and higher triglyceride levels (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.83) 30 years before CKD diagnosis, and were more likely to have hypertension (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.79), higher triglyceride levels (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.64), lower HDL_c (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.97), and diabetes (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.59 to 5.29) 20 years before CKD diagnosis. These findings demonstrate that risk factors for CKD are identifiable ≥30 years before diagnosis and suggest the importance of early risk factor identification in patients at risk for CKD.     

Prognosis of severe drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis requiring renal replacement therapy

ObjectiveDrug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (DAIN) is often associated with improved outcomes, whereas some patients may still progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of patients with severe DAIN requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) at baseline, and to explore the risk factors of progression to CKD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients with severe DAIN confirmed by renal biopsies in our center over a 10 years period, all the patients received RRT at presentation. The clinical and pathological characteristics at baseline were recorded, and the outcomes (renal function recovered or progressed to CKD) during follow-ups were also evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent risk factors of progression to CKD.ResultsSeventy-two patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, 13 patients (18.0%) progressed to CKD (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m²) after at least 6 months of follow-up, the remaining 59 patients achieved a favorable renal function recovery. Compared with patients who achieved renal function recovery (recovery group), the patients progressed to CKD (progression group) were older and had longer interval from symptom onset to treatment with steroids. The peak serum cystatin C concentration was higher in progression group than recovery group. Higher score of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) and more interstitial inflammatory cells infiltration were detected in renal tissue in progression group. According to multivariable analysis, higher peak cystatin C concentration (OR = 2.443, 95% CI 1.257, 4.746, p = 0.008), longer interval to treatment with corticosteroids (OR = 1.183, 95% CI 1.035, 1.352, p = 0.014) were independent risk factors of progression to CKD. The cutoff value of cystatin C concentration was 4.34 mg/L, at which the sensitivity and specificity were 76.9% and 89.3%, respectively; the cutoff value of interval to treatment with corticosteroids was 22.5 days, at which the sensitivity and specificity were 81.8% and 79.5%, respectively.ConclusionRenal function was reversible in majority of patients with severe DAIN requiring RRT when early identification and treatment. Higher peak cystatin C concentration and longer interval to treatment with corticosteroids associated with worse renal prognosis.